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The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Pioneer
Before Oscar Micheaux became celebrated as one of the earliest black filmmakers, he wrote a series of remarkable novels, the first one published in 1913 as The Conquest . Dedicated to Booker T. Washington, the black educator whose advocacy of assimilation was opposed by many of his race who were agitating for civil rights, The Conquest "is a true story of a negro who was discontented and [of] the circumstances that were the outcome of that discontent." The novel portrays the aspirations and struggles of a black homesteader named Oscar Devereaux. Born on a small farm near Cairo, Illinois, one of thirteen children, Devereaux leaves home to work in the Chicago stockyards and finally graduates to the job of porter in a Pullman railway car. He is personable, industrious, and frugal with a purpose. After saving $2,500, Devereaux goes to South Dakota and buys land. His object is not speculation for a quick profit but the cultivation of property he can call his own. He plows and sows and sweats, and by the age of twenty-five has reaped an estate worth $20,000. Success is sweet, self-respect sweeter. But if the calamities he is exposed to as a homesteader are severe, so are those brought on by marriage to the passive daughter of a dominating preacher.
332 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1913
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121 people want to read
About the author
Oscar Micheaux
26 books11 followersMicheaux (sometimes written as "Michaux") was born near Metropolis, Illinois and grew up in Great Bend, Kansas, one of eleven children of former slaves. As a young boy, he shined shoes and worked as a porter on the railway. As a young man, he very successfully homesteaded a farm in an all-white area of South Dakota, where he began writing stories. Micheaux overcame many of the racist attitudes and restrictions on African-American publishers and authors by forming his own publishing company to sell his books door-to-door.
The advent of the motion picture industry intrigued him as a vehicle to tell his stories. He formed his own movie production company and, in 1919, became the first African-American to make a film.{citation} He wrote, directed and produced the silent motion picture, The Homesteader, starring pioneering African-American actress Evelyn Preer, based on his novel of the same name. He used autobiographical elements in The Exile, his first feature film with sound, in which the central character leaves Chicago to buy and operate a ranch in South Dakota. In 1924, his film, Body and Soul, introduced the movie-going public to Paul Robeson.
Given the times, his accomplishments in publishing and film are extraordinary, including being the first African American to produce a film to be shown in "white" movie theaters. In his motion pictures, he moved away from the "Negro stereotypes" being portrayed in film at the time. In his film Within Our Gates, Micheaux attacked the racism depicted in the D.W. Griffith film, The Birth of a Nation.
The Producers Guild of America called him "The most prolific black - if not most prolific independent - filmmaker in American cinema." During his illustrious career, Oscar Micheaux wrote, produced and directed forty-four feature-length films between 1919 and 1948 and wrote seven novels, one of which was a national bestseller.
Micheaux died in Charlotte, North Carolina, during a business trip. His body was returned to Great Bend, Kansas, where he was interred in the Great Bend Cemetery, alongside members of his family.
* In 1986 the Directors Guild of America honored Micheaux with a Golden Jubilee Special Award and today the Oscar Micheaux Award is presented each year by the Producers Guild.
* For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Oscar Micheaux has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6721 Hollywood Blvd.
* There is a 1994 documentary about Micheaux, Midnight Ramble, named after the "Midnight Rambles" in which cinemas would show films at midnight to an African American audiences.
* In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante, father of African-American filmmaker M.K. Asante, Jr. listed Oscar Micheaux on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[2:]
On June 22, 2010, in New York , the US Postal Service™ will issue a 44-cent, Oscar Micheaux commemorative stamp [3:]
The advent of the motion picture industry intrigued him as a vehicle to tell his stories. He formed his own movie production company and, in 1919, became the first African-American to make a film.{citation} He wrote, directed and produced the silent motion picture, The Homesteader, starring pioneering African-American actress Evelyn Preer, based on his novel of the same name. He used autobiographical elements in The Exile, his first feature film with sound, in which the central character leaves Chicago to buy and operate a ranch in South Dakota. In 1924, his film, Body and Soul, introduced the movie-going public to Paul Robeson.
Given the times, his accomplishments in publishing and film are extraordinary, including being the first African American to produce a film to be shown in "white" movie theaters. In his motion pictures, he moved away from the "Negro stereotypes" being portrayed in film at the time. In his film Within Our Gates, Micheaux attacked the racism depicted in the D.W. Griffith film, The Birth of a Nation.
The Producers Guild of America called him "The most prolific black - if not most prolific independent - filmmaker in American cinema." During his illustrious career, Oscar Micheaux wrote, produced and directed forty-four feature-length films between 1919 and 1948 and wrote seven novels, one of which was a national bestseller.
Micheaux died in Charlotte, North Carolina, during a business trip. His body was returned to Great Bend, Kansas, where he was interred in the Great Bend Cemetery, alongside members of his family.
* In 1986 the Directors Guild of America honored Micheaux with a Golden Jubilee Special Award and today the Oscar Micheaux Award is presented each year by the Producers Guild.
* For his contribution to the motion picture industry, Oscar Micheaux has a star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame at 6721 Hollywood Blvd.
* There is a 1994 documentary about Micheaux, Midnight Ramble, named after the "Midnight Rambles" in which cinemas would show films at midnight to an African American audiences.
* In 2002, scholar Molefi Kete Asante, father of African-American filmmaker M.K. Asante, Jr. listed Oscar Micheaux on his list of 100 Greatest African Americans.[2:]
On June 22, 2010, in New York , the US Postal Service™ will issue a 44-cent, Oscar Micheaux commemorative stamp [3:]
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Displaying 1 - 14 of 14 reviews
December 28, 2016
A more realistic bootstrap book. It was a pleasure to root for Oscar.
May 8, 2010
While a work of fiction, Micheaux touches on an often omitted part of American history. African Americans have participated in almost every adventure in the creation of the modern United States. This novel tells the story of an African American who leaves his small town home, makes his way to the big city, and eventually fulfills his dream of owning his own homestead in the West. He increases his holdings through struggles against nature and financial difficulty. The reader is left with the thought that it can be done. It was in fact really done by forgotten pioneers who were left out of most history books because their skins were black and they were deemed insignificant. Difficult to find, but a must-read supplement for any student of American history.
February 5, 2018
The story goes that James Fennimore Cooper, a gentleman born with considerably more than a silver spoon, got into a tiff with his wife when the two of them wagered that he could--or couldn't--write a better novel than the novel Mrs. Cooper was reading. He said he could; she said he couldn't.
Writing novels was not a calling for Cooper, but then he was so wealthy he didn't need a vocation. Still, James Fennimore Cooper is oft considered America's first real novelist. His oeuvre is almost as long as it is classic, even though Mark Twain debunked him so horrible a writer, it's a wonder his work survives. Twain called it, among other things, "a crime against language."
Don't know if novel-writing suffers when would-be writers take it on because they're sure they can do better, but Oscar Micheaux is another who did. Micheaux, the son of a slave, was born in a Mississippi River town named Metropolis, as much Kentucky as Illinois. When he was 17 he picked up and moved to Chicago, where, for the most part, his first novel The Conquest: the Story of Negro Pioneer,, is set.
A whole section of the novel is set in South Dakota actually, where Micheaux himself homesteaded. You read that line right. I was as shocked as you are. Oscar Micheaux, a black man, settled and homesteaded South Dakota land just outside of Gregory, South Dakota. This land, right here up the road.
It's almost impossible to imagine African-American homesteaders. They're supposed to be Dutch or German or Bohemian, Norwegian or Swede. But Black? Thousands of African-Americans tried their luck at "proving up" Great Plains homesteads. Most failed, just like most white families did, my own among 'em. It takes a some wherewithal to weather the seasonal blows of Great Plains misfortunes.
Conquest feels autobiographical, because it is. Oscar Devereaux Micheaux's hero is Oscar Devereaux--that didn't take much of a twist. Both Oscars homesteaded. Both Oscars wrote novels as a way of trying to turn quick cash. Both Oscars failed at first marriages. The list goes on.
The novel wouldn't be remembered at all if it weren't for Micheaux, and the oddity of a black man breaking Great Plains ground just west of the Missouri, a black man surrounded by white ethnics and displaced Yankees, all trying their hand at making a life on what seemed to be free land (no one asked the Yanktons).
It's not a great novel, but it's endlessly interesting because what it offers is a look at late-19th century African-American life. Most of the novel centers on Black life and culture, which offered its own set of issues, including bigotry and racism. The cursed villain of the tale is a snake-oil preacher-man, lionized by his meek congregation, not to mention his sociopath daughter. Conquest often feels like melodrama.
Sometimes novels tell us who we are even if they don't try. Micheaux wrote The Conquest to make some bucks--Devereaux, the novel's protagonist, certainly does anyway. But a century later the novel's great strength is that it offers a glimpse of another time and place, a panorama not readily available elsewhere. When Fred Manfred's Green Earth came out, not all of Siouxland was proud. However, if you want to know anything about Dutch Calvinist life in northwest Iowa between the world wars, there's nothing else to read.
Besides, Micheaux himself is a wonder, an African-American homesteader, a son of slaves on the open prairie, a South Dakota novelist, a Hollywood film-maker. I'm sorry. His story is still amazing.
He was, for certain, an innovator. When a Hollywood director wanted to make the novel into a movie, Micheaux agreed, then pulled out when the director didn't want him to have a say in the way the story was told. In a snit, Micheaux started his own film company in Sioux City--that's right, right here in Sioux City, Iowa.
It didn't take long, however, and he'd gone off Hollywood himself and was writing, directing, and producing movies that still called "race films" because they were intended to play to a segregated movie audience, to the African-Americans who could get in to only those theaters open to African-Americans. Without a doubt, he was more successful at movie-making than he was at novel writing.
The bookends of the novel (spoiler alert!) is Devereaux's love of a white woman, his determination not to pursue his relationship with her (for reasons of race), and, eventually his return to her, the love of his life, when she discovers something important about her own familial lineage (go ahead, guess).
Nobody will ever lug The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Homesteader along to the beach. Only scholars and other folks interested in out-the-way museums and rusting highway markers will ever read it.
But I liked Conquest, and I liked visiting the ground the man worked, too. I liked thinking about him out there in frontier Gregory, South Dakota, about him starting a film company in Sioux City, Iowa, about his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Oscar Micheaux was the son of slaves. He didn't have Cooper's great wealth or position. He came from nothing at all, wrote novels, made movies for his people.
The Conquest is not a good novel, but it's great, great story.
Writing novels was not a calling for Cooper, but then he was so wealthy he didn't need a vocation. Still, James Fennimore Cooper is oft considered America's first real novelist. His oeuvre is almost as long as it is classic, even though Mark Twain debunked him so horrible a writer, it's a wonder his work survives. Twain called it, among other things, "a crime against language."
Don't know if novel-writing suffers when would-be writers take it on because they're sure they can do better, but Oscar Micheaux is another who did. Micheaux, the son of a slave, was born in a Mississippi River town named Metropolis, as much Kentucky as Illinois. When he was 17 he picked up and moved to Chicago, where, for the most part, his first novel The Conquest: the Story of Negro Pioneer,, is set.
A whole section of the novel is set in South Dakota actually, where Micheaux himself homesteaded. You read that line right. I was as shocked as you are. Oscar Micheaux, a black man, settled and homesteaded South Dakota land just outside of Gregory, South Dakota. This land, right here up the road.
It's almost impossible to imagine African-American homesteaders. They're supposed to be Dutch or German or Bohemian, Norwegian or Swede. But Black? Thousands of African-Americans tried their luck at "proving up" Great Plains homesteads. Most failed, just like most white families did, my own among 'em. It takes a some wherewithal to weather the seasonal blows of Great Plains misfortunes.
Conquest feels autobiographical, because it is. Oscar Devereaux Micheaux's hero is Oscar Devereaux--that didn't take much of a twist. Both Oscars homesteaded. Both Oscars wrote novels as a way of trying to turn quick cash. Both Oscars failed at first marriages. The list goes on.
The novel wouldn't be remembered at all if it weren't for Micheaux, and the oddity of a black man breaking Great Plains ground just west of the Missouri, a black man surrounded by white ethnics and displaced Yankees, all trying their hand at making a life on what seemed to be free land (no one asked the Yanktons).
It's not a great novel, but it's endlessly interesting because what it offers is a look at late-19th century African-American life. Most of the novel centers on Black life and culture, which offered its own set of issues, including bigotry and racism. The cursed villain of the tale is a snake-oil preacher-man, lionized by his meek congregation, not to mention his sociopath daughter. Conquest often feels like melodrama.
Sometimes novels tell us who we are even if they don't try. Micheaux wrote The Conquest to make some bucks--Devereaux, the novel's protagonist, certainly does anyway. But a century later the novel's great strength is that it offers a glimpse of another time and place, a panorama not readily available elsewhere. When Fred Manfred's Green Earth came out, not all of Siouxland was proud. However, if you want to know anything about Dutch Calvinist life in northwest Iowa between the world wars, there's nothing else to read.
Besides, Micheaux himself is a wonder, an African-American homesteader, a son of slaves on the open prairie, a South Dakota novelist, a Hollywood film-maker. I'm sorry. His story is still amazing.
He was, for certain, an innovator. When a Hollywood director wanted to make the novel into a movie, Micheaux agreed, then pulled out when the director didn't want him to have a say in the way the story was told. In a snit, Micheaux started his own film company in Sioux City--that's right, right here in Sioux City, Iowa.
It didn't take long, however, and he'd gone off Hollywood himself and was writing, directing, and producing movies that still called "race films" because they were intended to play to a segregated movie audience, to the African-Americans who could get in to only those theaters open to African-Americans. Without a doubt, he was more successful at movie-making than he was at novel writing.
The bookends of the novel (spoiler alert!) is Devereaux's love of a white woman, his determination not to pursue his relationship with her (for reasons of race), and, eventually his return to her, the love of his life, when she discovers something important about her own familial lineage (go ahead, guess).
Nobody will ever lug The Conquest: The Story of a Negro Homesteader along to the beach. Only scholars and other folks interested in out-the-way museums and rusting highway markers will ever read it.
But I liked Conquest, and I liked visiting the ground the man worked, too. I liked thinking about him out there in frontier Gregory, South Dakota, about him starting a film company in Sioux City, Iowa, about his star on the Hollywood Walk of Fame.
Oscar Micheaux was the son of slaves. He didn't have Cooper's great wealth or position. He came from nothing at all, wrote novels, made movies for his people.
The Conquest is not a good novel, but it's great, great story.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
November 1, 2020
This was a lucky find. I needed a Book for South Dakota to complete my 2020 50-state challenge. My goal this year is to have as many as possible be BIPOC authored. Oscar Micheaux was the first self-made African American movie mogul, establishing his own studio to make feature films - back in the 1920’s.
Before his film days, though, he authored several book, this being the first. It is an autobiographical novel of his years establishing and working a homestead in South Dakota. The only black man in the region.
I found the book absorbing and full of information I’ve never found elsewhere. It isn’t poetic prose (I am reading Louise Erdrich’s Tracks at the same time - what a contrast in writing styles) but conveys a chatty, pragmatic storytelling style of a person who loves detail, and isn’t very emotionally attuned. But in a way that’s why I enjoyed the book.
First, it was published in 1912, and thus reflects real language and experiences from the time. I read a lot of historical fiction and enjoy what I learn, but it cannot be compared to literature written in the past, for accuracy and detail.
Second, I have read a lot of “pioneer” literature, starting way back in childhood when I devoured the Little House series. Now, after some disillusionment with Laura Ingall’s Wilder as more facts come out regarding her daughter Rose’s role and agenda in the books, I seek out other perspectives. Giants in the Earth has been my favorite for a long time. Now there is Michaeux’s accounting to add more depth.
Micheaux’s book is full of details regarding the early prairie towns that I’ve never read elsewhere. Perhaps because he was first a Pullman Porter, there is detail in The Conquest about the politics and building of RR lines that is intriguing and new to me. This complemented all the small town politics and competition between towns that is portrayed in The Conquest. The details were fascinating - who knew that entire towns were moved (the buildings literally moved) to new sites as the the RR’s decided their routes.
The opening of this part of SD to homesteading was also fascinating, as the author described the process in detail. The lotteries, the crowds, the expectations, the difficulties in proving claims were all described in greater detail than I’ve seen before. Or maybe it is that they are described in more practical detail, which I enjoyed. The author also describes details of prairie farming and the mistakes neophytes made with humor and detail not found in other works.
Finally, Micheaux describes his experience as a black man, one generation out of slavery, trying to make a living and prosper. He covers his early years in Missouri and Kansas, his migration north to Chicago, laboring work, work as a Pullman Porter, and finally his homesteading. Through it all there is his portrayal of the black experience in general. He is both loving and harsh as he describes the conflicts prominent in black society at the time: Booker T Washington vs WEB DuBois philosophies, city versus rural blacks, societal hierarchies within black society in Chicago, etc.
I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in US history in general, and black history specifically. There isn’t much available written by black authors during the early 1900’s so this book is unique. It is also FREE on Kindle. My main complaint about the Kindle version is that it is missing the numerous images listed in the TOC. Bummer - I almost want to buy an earlier edition so I can view these images.
Before his film days, though, he authored several book, this being the first. It is an autobiographical novel of his years establishing and working a homestead in South Dakota. The only black man in the region.
I found the book absorbing and full of information I’ve never found elsewhere. It isn’t poetic prose (I am reading Louise Erdrich’s Tracks at the same time - what a contrast in writing styles) but conveys a chatty, pragmatic storytelling style of a person who loves detail, and isn’t very emotionally attuned. But in a way that’s why I enjoyed the book.
First, it was published in 1912, and thus reflects real language and experiences from the time. I read a lot of historical fiction and enjoy what I learn, but it cannot be compared to literature written in the past, for accuracy and detail.
Second, I have read a lot of “pioneer” literature, starting way back in childhood when I devoured the Little House series. Now, after some disillusionment with Laura Ingall’s Wilder as more facts come out regarding her daughter Rose’s role and agenda in the books, I seek out other perspectives. Giants in the Earth has been my favorite for a long time. Now there is Michaeux’s accounting to add more depth.
Micheaux’s book is full of details regarding the early prairie towns that I’ve never read elsewhere. Perhaps because he was first a Pullman Porter, there is detail in The Conquest about the politics and building of RR lines that is intriguing and new to me. This complemented all the small town politics and competition between towns that is portrayed in The Conquest. The details were fascinating - who knew that entire towns were moved (the buildings literally moved) to new sites as the the RR’s decided their routes.
The opening of this part of SD to homesteading was also fascinating, as the author described the process in detail. The lotteries, the crowds, the expectations, the difficulties in proving claims were all described in greater detail than I’ve seen before. Or maybe it is that they are described in more practical detail, which I enjoyed. The author also describes details of prairie farming and the mistakes neophytes made with humor and detail not found in other works.
Finally, Micheaux describes his experience as a black man, one generation out of slavery, trying to make a living and prosper. He covers his early years in Missouri and Kansas, his migration north to Chicago, laboring work, work as a Pullman Porter, and finally his homesteading. Through it all there is his portrayal of the black experience in general. He is both loving and harsh as he describes the conflicts prominent in black society at the time: Booker T Washington vs WEB DuBois philosophies, city versus rural blacks, societal hierarchies within black society in Chicago, etc.
I strongly recommend this book to anyone interested in US history in general, and black history specifically. There isn’t much available written by black authors during the early 1900’s so this book is unique. It is also FREE on Kindle. My main complaint about the Kindle version is that it is missing the numerous images listed in the TOC. Bummer - I almost want to buy an earlier edition so I can view these images.
December 16, 2017
This is a sort of autobiography of Oscar Micheaux's early life. He did change names of some people and places for some reason. But, one assumes, the events are more-or-less accurate. Of course, we've just learned, in Prairie Fires, how little of the events in Laura Ingalls Wilder's books were fact and and how many were fiction. Basically, I got engaged by a long, multi-thread, twitter rant by Ana Mardoll about the Wilder books as she was "live tweeting" her reading of Prairie Fires. That got me thinking about homesteaders, like my great grandparents, which reminded me of an African American homesteader, Oscar Micheaux. I'd read Micheaux' so-called novel, The Homesteader, and thought to read this book. As nearly as I can remember, much of the action in this book is similar to that in the latter. But it was a worthwhile read none the less.
One of the interesting features of the book is its many discussions of the development of the newly settled areas of South Dakota. Of course that would be newly settled by people who weren't already living there. The Native Americans, of course, were shoved from or swindled out of their lands. Anyway, new towns would be sited, but their prosperity or not depended greatly on where the railroad would run. The towns, if seems often preceded the railroad beds, and many mistakes were made, so to speak. There was lots of competition between towns to get the railroad folks to run their lines by their particular towns.
The action in this book takes place in the very early 20th century, around 1907 or thereabouts. Micheaux settled in one of the most southern counties of S. Dakota, only three or four counties west of the Minnesota line. The interest for me is that my great grandparents settled in the most eastern county, and along the southern border of Dakota Terrirory, some 30 years previously. So, it would seem, the opening of S. Dakota took some time to evolve.
Anyway, it's a fascinating read, all the more so because it features a young African American who was also desirous of achieving the American Dream, and who, in many ways, succeeded at that, albeit in the long term not as a farmer. Micheaux' fame comes primarily from his career as a film producer and director, beginning some five to ten years after his homesteading activities.
One of the interesting features of the book is its many discussions of the development of the newly settled areas of South Dakota. Of course that would be newly settled by people who weren't already living there. The Native Americans, of course, were shoved from or swindled out of their lands. Anyway, new towns would be sited, but their prosperity or not depended greatly on where the railroad would run. The towns, if seems often preceded the railroad beds, and many mistakes were made, so to speak. There was lots of competition between towns to get the railroad folks to run their lines by their particular towns.
The action in this book takes place in the very early 20th century, around 1907 or thereabouts. Micheaux settled in one of the most southern counties of S. Dakota, only three or four counties west of the Minnesota line. The interest for me is that my great grandparents settled in the most eastern county, and along the southern border of Dakota Terrirory, some 30 years previously. So, it would seem, the opening of S. Dakota took some time to evolve.
Anyway, it's a fascinating read, all the more so because it features a young African American who was also desirous of achieving the American Dream, and who, in many ways, succeeded at that, albeit in the long term not as a farmer. Micheaux' fame comes primarily from his career as a film producer and director, beginning some five to ten years after his homesteading activities.
February 27, 2020
An idiosyncratic largely-autobiographical novel that moves between comic tales of pioneer life and commentary on issues of race relations. Its protagonist might have been one of the few black farmers in the Dakotas, but his experience here speaks for a larger and largely overlooked demographic of black farmers in Kansas, Iowa, and other Midwestern states. That said, Micheaux' attention to recording the details of farming practice and the politics of town founding make The Conquest a handy record of fin de siecle pioneer communities in general.
October 9, 2024
Very interesting book about a colored man (his term) who moves from southern Illinois to settle in South Dakota during the late 1800's/early 1900's. Since I had ancestors who did the same, I liked this first-person account. It dragged a bit in the descriptions of the battles between the various towns to be the county seat and have the railroad.
It's not a piece of literature, but the first person account made it appealing. I wish there were some accompanying maps to show the area.
It's not a piece of literature, but the first person account made it appealing. I wish there were some accompanying maps to show the area.
October 10, 2023
Oscar Devereux and Booker T. Washington awesome
This book tales of the struggles of a young black man in South Dakota. He has the values of Booker T. Washington and it is amazing. Great story.
This book tales of the struggles of a young black man in South Dakota. He has the values of Booker T. Washington and it is amazing. Great story.
October 4, 2017
A lonely man
I was disappointed that he did not get back together with his wife. But this was a good read. I was surprised at the difficult the negros had to go through?
I was disappointed that he did not get back together with his wife. But this was a good read. I was surprised at the difficult the negros had to go through?
August 18, 2018
History of the area
I was looking for a history of his personal growth and life. Much of the story was about crops and prices. He certainly conquered very little in his marriage!
I was looking for a history of his personal growth and life. Much of the story was about crops and prices. He certainly conquered very little in his marriage!
September 8, 2015
Interesting, but not sure I would call it my favorite book
I have a great admiration for Mr. Deveraux, but truthfully I think this book is 80 per cent boring. Too much description of the land, etc. The main character is to be admired. He is a great worker with a good out look on life in general.
I have a great admiration for Mr. Deveraux, but truthfully I think this book is 80 per cent boring. Too much description of the land, etc. The main character is to be admired. He is a great worker with a good out look on life in general.
March 21, 2012
Read my review at my blog.
May 15, 2015
Stick it out. There's a stretch in the middle where it's easy to get bogged down in acreage, drainage, railroad ties and mules, but in the end it's a very good book. Definitely worth reading.
April 11, 2015
american studies class- 1998
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