In the face of relentless attacks on antiracist education, a much-needed reckoning with the roots of this latest wave of censorship and an urgent call to action to defend education.
In just the last few years, scores of states have introduced or passed legislation that would require teachers to lie to students about structural racism and other forms of oppression. Books have been cut from curricula and pulled from school library shelves. Teachers have been fired and threatened with discipline.
As long-time organizer, writer, and high school teacher Jesse Hagopian argues in Teach Truth, at stake is our democracy, not to mention the annihilation of entire systems of knowledge that challenge the status quo. As Hagopian shows by exploring the origins, philosophy, and manifestations of these attacks, the Right’s effort to regulate knowledge is an attempt to maintain its power over the American capitalist system, now and into the future.
Yet the struggle for a liberatory education has a long history in the United States, from the days when it was illegal for Black people to be literate, to the Civil Rights and Black Power movements, to Black Lives Matter at School today. Teachers, students, and their allies are already building a movement – in the classroom, on campus, and in the streets – to defend antiracist education.
Having read a book my grad class (of teachers) chose to read, Original Sins: The (Mis)education of Blacks and Native Children and the Construction of American Racism by Eve Ewing, they decided to read this book, Teach Truth: The Struggle for Antiracist Education by Jesse Hagopian, whch I also had not read, as it also is being released this month.
Maybe you from time to time get tired of listening to commentary on race? Well, with the widespread denunciation of DEI, affirmative action, Black Lives Matter, and the like, if the People in Power are successful, you may never have to hear about Race in any public setting, including schools and universities, or in businesses! Wouldn't that be a relief? We can just make America great again in part by whitewashing some of our most brutal past. As with Original Sins, this book and others like it could be burned, as other books have been burned (or censored, or kept from libraries in this country.
But author Hagopian begins his book with three statements you might consider:
"If we teach that the founding of the United States of America was somehow flawed—it was corrupt, it was racist—that’s really dangerous. It strikes at the very foundations of our country"—Mike Pompeo, former CIA director and secretary of state {see Eve Ewing's Original Sins]
"We’ve never been a racist country"—Nikki Haley, Republican presidential candidate {Tell that to the descendants of slaves, and re: Jim Crow]
"With sufficient general agreement and determination among the dominant classes, the truth of history may be utterly distorted and contradicted and changed to any convenient fairy tale that the masters of men wish"—W. E. B. Du Bois [cf. 47's assertion that Ukraine is responsible for Russia's invasion of their country, or the erasure of black history going on as usual, but more openly than ever]
Lat night at the Chicago Teaching Union I heard a discussion pertaining to issues addressed in both books, featuring Ewing and Seattle history teacher Hagopian. Again, as with Ewing's book I knew much of what is in it--it tells us of the attacks on DEI and civil rights and calls on us to resist--but I still say for the general reader that it is a necessary encapsulation of the present moment--written by a great teacher and humane person.
This book is to me a unique blend of historical research, personal discovery, theoretical framework, and story-telling of resistance. I loved the conceptual frameworks of "uncritical race theory" and "educational arson" as ways to capture and understand our moment in the timeline and where we are situated in the midst of our history. One thing this book does so well, and which is different from other writers on the subject, is lift up many of the less-heard voices of resistance from around the country - teachers, students and administrators who have already been leading the way in the search for truth in American education. (And yes, Mr. Hagopian insightfully considers the nature of historical truth itself.) The people who Mr. Hagopian calls "truth teachers," members of diverse communities who are engaged in what he joyfully identifies as "the healing of organized remembering" should be considered our political and spiritual mentors. I am so happy this book is in the world, because I know it will do good.
Teach Truth The Struggle for Anti-Racist Education, the new book by Jesse Hagopian, American educator and activist, describes in detail a concerted effort by those with money and power to censor and control what is taught in schools in order to eliminate any challenge to the status quo. Hagopian not only describes the historic roots of this current censorship but also calls educators to action to teach truth at this critical moment–one in which US public education itself is at stake.
What’s Behind This Attack on Truth The book thoroughly describes the reasons behind this attack on truth. Laws making certain histories illegal, written by Republicans, funded by billionaires, not only serve as an electoral strategy to scare white parents that their children may become too “woke” but also it helps guarantee their electoral survival. Hagopian writes, “these strategists have also determined that if they don’t implement harsh measures to regulate what is legal to learn, their long term electoral prospects, especially among young voters, are bleak.”
This strategy goes beyond elections. Rather, it becomes yet another way to discredit the idea of public education itself and as Hagopian writes, anti-truth laws are “an essential component of a strategy to advance neoliberal privatization.” In addition, this strategy solidifies the legitimacy of a settler state, like the US, as “the most fundamental impetus for outlawing honest education is the drive of settler colonial societies, like the United States, to mislead their populace regarding their nation’s origins, which are deeply entrenched in dispossession and genocide.”
“Uncritical Race Theorists” What I appreciate about Hagopian’s writing is his skill in storytelling. His use of inventive terms leaves the impression of dystopian science fiction and unfortunately, this story is all too real. Hagopian uses the term, ‘uncritical race theorists’ to describe those who are responsible for this onslaught on truth.
To understand Hagopian’s term of “uncritical race theorists’, it’s important to know the history of how Critical Race Theory (CRT) had been weaponized recently in order to attack anti racist educators and any kind of social justice curriculum (or, in some cases, the mere inclusion of black authors on a syllabus.)
Republican lawmakers, in the aftermath of the Black Lives Matter movement, weaponized the term Critical Race Theory. Hagopian writes, “The tragicomedy of the political situation we find ourselves in today is that members of the GOP who are pushing anti-CRT bills, along with white parents who have been persuaded by these politicians, as well as the vast majority of educators who are being accused of teaching CRT, all have little idea of what CRT is. One of the most compelling pieces of evidence that CRT, antiracist pedagogy, and Black history are, in fact, absent from many classes was a February 2022 poll that revealed only “27 percent of Americans say the American History they were taught in school reflected a full and accurate account of the role of African Americans in the United States.”
Critical Race Theory, first coined by American Law Professor Kimberlé Crenshaw, describes race as a social construction as well as systemic, that is, embedded in US institutions including law, education, healthcare and housing. An uncritical race theorist could then be a politician who is passing laws against what they think is Critical Race Theory, following logically that they then believe in being uncritical of how race has played a role in US history.
This isn’t only exposing those who are writing and passing such legislation, mainly Republicans, but also Democrats who offer no real opposition. As Hagopian points out, Democrats may be voting against such measures but not doing anything to push in the other direction, that is, to encourage a curriculum that does reflect a more honest portrayal of the nation’s history. For example, Hagopian includes this quote by Malcolm X that details what a real liberatory teaching of history could look like–not that Democrats are interested in that either:
“When we send our children to school in this country they learn nothing about us other than that we used to be cotton pickers. Every little child going to school thinks his grandfather was a cotton picker. Why, your grandfather was Nat Turner; your grandfather was Toussaint L’Ouverture; your grandfather was Hannibal.”
(Hagopian adds to this powerful quote, “We can add that Black children also don’t learn that their grandmothers were Sojourner Truth, Harriet Tubman, or Ida B. Wells-Barnett.”)
Truthcrimes
When teachers are banned from teaching the truth, Hagopian calls this a truthcrime. He offers this definition: “Truthcrime is enforced disremembering. A truthcrime law, then, is one that makes lying to children obligatory and effectively renders honest educators as truthcriminals. The goal for the enforcers of truthcrime, in the end, is to make committing a truthcrime literally impossible because there will be no one left who learned honest history, and therefore no one left to teach it. This requires rewriting the past so that it appears to justify the dramatic inequality that exists today and so that it impedes the ability of those who have learned the revisionist history to imagine a future without oppression.”
Honest Educators and Fugitive Pedagogy Though his book is quite detailed in its documentation of truthcrimes, (like Florida making their state curriculum to include teaching that slavery was had a ‘personal benefit’ for black people) Hagopian includes many inspiring stories of honest teachers, teaching a ‘fugitive pedagogy’. He is honest about the state of the movement towards a more liberatory education system in the US and writes, “As connections in the Teach Truth movement networks grow, and as the movement scores more victories, the potential to build a truly massive rebellion against all manifestations of systemic racism increases...Look out. The movements that finally burst through McCarthyism produced one of the largest eras of social protest in US history, including the Civil Rights Movement, Black Power[…]”
With the conservative Right going on a renewed offensive in education, it’s important that progressive-minded teachers are clear about how to resist. Racism – and opposition to it – have been a consistent feature of US education. Conservatives view virtually any attempt to question the racism woven into US society as an insidious ‘woke’ attempt to divert students from ‘cherishing’ something called Western Civilization. But what are the roots of racism? And how can it be effectively challenged? This book attempts, and in my view fails in key ways, to take on those questions. This review will attempt to outline some of those weaknesses.
The theoretical framework Hagopian deploys to understand racism is Critical Race Theory. He begins by correctly pointing out that CRT has been deliberately defined in such a loose way by conservatives that it includes any examination of the country’s racist past or present. He then lists the various core tenets of CRT, including not only that race is a social construction and embedded within various institutions, which is true, but also CRT’s pervasive discourse of ‘white power structures’ and ‘white privilege’, alongside the insistence that social class is simply one facet (and not a particularly decisive one) of an interconnected system of oppression, thus denying any wider social weight or analytical value it may have. In other words, the ideology of CRT is presented in a wholly uncritical way. What does this mean for anti-racism?
Derrick Bell, one of the theoretical founders of CRT, believed that racism was “an integral, permanent and indestructible component” of US society. Bell’s critique of the civil rights campaigns of the 1950s and ‘60s, as Kenan Malik has pointed out, was nurtured and informed by a hostility to “universalism, humanism and the Enlightenment.” Racism, for proponents of CRT, is not a problem of capitalism, as many previous black radicals believed, but of something called ‘whiteness.’ Its popularization has been part of the more general politicization of identity encouraged by neoliberalism, as these ideas have come to inform mainstream discussions of racism. This is exemplified by Hagopian, when he conflates any notion of culturally relevant pedagogy with the ideological assumptions of CRT.
For example, when discussing the concept of ‘white privilege’ and its relevance to anti-racist pedagogy, he writes that “empowering white students with the history of white antiracists is central to the task of truth-teachers.” This is apparently because “although there are certainly privileges white people receive from being in a society with racist institutions, there would be more benefits to living in a society that treats everyone equitably and teaches the truth about the history of oppression.”
Leaving aside the idea that it is only white students that need to be aware of this history, this elides the question of why there would be more benefits to ‘white people’ (no differentiation is made here on the basis of class or economic status), given that they apparently benefit from institutional racism. Previous black radicals, such as Angela Davies, attempted to address this, when she explained how racism has been consistently used in the US to convince white workers to overlook their common exploitation, and, in doing so, enabling the ruling class to “reap more profits.” While this materialist understanding of a congruence of interests can lay the basis for solidarity, the notion of white privilege leads inexorably away from it.
This downplaying of the key importance of class has bearing on the idea of ‘teaching truth.’ Whilst providing students with the space to “tell their own stories”, and to “critically engaging with contradictions” is a worthwhile endeavour, there are problems with the assumptions the author makes about this. When discussing the merits of ‘standpoint theory’, Hagopian concedes that the notion that “identity alone either permits or denies access to truth” is problematic, but does not explore this in any greater depth. Once again, the solution to this is reduced to educators critically analyzing their own ‘identities’ in relation to what they are teaching. Because the dynamics of society and historical change are overwhelmingly class-based, however, any epistemology which denies this is limited when it comes to uncovering truth. An understanding of the US civil rights movement, for example, would need to acknowledge both the gains it made and the ways in which it solidified the emergence of a black middle class, whilst leaving the fundamental social relations of exploitation intact. Because CRT consciously downplays class and particularly class divisions within the US black population, it has an inherent problem in illuminating such truths.
The notion of teachers as ‘truth tellers’ also tends to overstate the importance of schools as sites of social transformation, which again emerges from a focus on language and discourse, rather than class struggle, as the motor of progress. In practice, this tends to encourage a therapeutic form of individualized transformation, or ‘healing’ as it is repeatedly referred to here. And rather than being genuinely ‘dialogic’, it can easily slip into an authoritarian form of liberal moralism.
Clearly, teachers need to defend their right to discuss issues openly with their students. Whilst Hagopian’s book may contribute to that, it also represents a long-standing erasure of class from the language of US politics, and the retreat of the left generally from materialism and universalism, that has ensured its abject collapse before identitarian politics.
"Teach Truth: The Struggle for Antiracist Education" by Jesse Hagopian is an incredibly important and timely book that I believe teachers, students, community activists, and advocates for public education should read. It's a powerful call to action for anyone who wants to protect the integrity of education, ensuring that we teach critically and, most importantly, teach the truth.
Hagopian dives deep into what he calls "truthcrime policies" and "uncritical race theorists" He bravely shares his own experiences, alongside those of other educators and students, who have faced backlash and even violence for daring to stand up for truth in the classroom. The book highlights how teaching honestly often means confronting systemic injustices like racism, white supremacy, sexism, and homophobia, and how this vital approach is frequently met with resistance and punishment.
One of the most striking aspects of the book is its examination of "curricular violence" where policies attempt to erase or distort the histories of marginalized communities. Hagopian exposes the surge in "truthcrime laws" since 2020, which criminalize teaching about structural racism and critical race theory.
Unlike liberals in the Democratic party, Hagopian doesn’t shy away from recognizing the CRT lens for exposing racial injustice. He emphasizes that CRT is crucial for understanding how race is a social construct and how racism is embedded in U.S. laws and social structures.
What resonated deeply with me is the book's insistence that education must empower students to question everything, not just to read and gain knowledge. He also beautifully articulates how love, expressed through critical exchange and conflict resolution, is fundamental to creating an antiracist and inclusive classroom, echoing the philosophy of cultural critic bell hooks.
Ultimately, "Teach Truth" is a powerful reminder that honest remembrance of the past is essential for achieving justice, healing, and driving social action today. It's a must-read for anyone committed to a more equitable society through education.
Teach Truth is a powerful call to defend education from censorship and injustice. Jesse Hagopian blends history, theory, and storytelling to highlight the courageous educators and students fighting for truth in schools. With sharp analysis and inspiring voices of resistance, this book is both a warning and a beacon of hope.
Thanks to Jesse Hagopian and NetGalley for an advanced readers copy!
A particularly timely read with all the attacks the Trump administration is doing to the Department of Education and the Smithsonians, Kennedy Center, etc. A really important read and I appreciated Hagopian’s approach to the topics at hand.
I reviewed this book for a women’s book club group. I only read one paragraph per page BUT the parts I did read were informative or affirming. I did not read the entire book word for word because it’s a long book and some of the information was repetitive but the repetition was important.
Excellent book to both understand the current attacks on teaching true US history and to learn how communities of teachers, students, and others are fighting back