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The Condition of Man
A study of the development of the personality and the community. With a preface by the author. 16 pages of illustrations.
467 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 1973
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256 people want to read
About the author
Lewis Mumford
153 books320 followersLewis Mumford (October 19, 1895 – January 26, 1990) was an American historian and philosopher of technology and science. Particularly noted for his study of cities and urban architecture, he had a tremendously broad career as a writer that also included a period as an influential literary critic. Mumford was influenced by the work of Scottish theorist Sir Patrick Geddes.
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Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews
February 21, 2017
Absolutely stunning and amazing. How people have the temerity to award this less than five stars is beyond me ... please, if you outthink, outwit, outanalyse or outseer Lewis Mumford, invite me round for tea and lend me the benefit of your wisdom. I need to meet you.
This book is a work of absolute genius, is written with the kind of grand erudition and eloquence that is matched only by other polymath geniuses such as Ernest Becker and John Kenneth Galbraith, and is worth about $250,000,000 (so if you can buy it for less, do) and however much of your time as it takes you to read it, slowly and with love.
This book is a work of absolute genius, is written with the kind of grand erudition and eloquence that is matched only by other polymath geniuses such as Ernest Becker and John Kenneth Galbraith, and is worth about $250,000,000 (so if you can buy it for less, do) and however much of your time as it takes you to read it, slowly and with love.
October 9, 2011
I wanted to like this one, because his aim is a noble one, and he believes in incorporating spiritual and psychological insights, so I admire his methodology and presuppositions. He aims high, attempting to cover the history of the West from Rome through W.W. II. But the style, the tone. . . something is wrong. For me, it is too heavy and somewhat pompous. I couldn't finish. Though there were many times I perked up at an insight he had (such as, the modern problem of sex detached from genuine human experience has its roots in the 17th century, or early Protestantism was an attempt to check, not encourage the commercial spirit) I can't really remember any of them. Alright, I did just mention two, but I can't really remember the how's and why's of his point with them. Imagine feeling very sleepy, and being jolted awake by something, nodding off, being jolted again, and so on. That was how I felt reading this.
While he does incorporate spiritual analysis, he over spiritualizes and over moralizes Christianity. For him, it seems, Christianity is about man's striving for 'spiritual meaning,' or finding 'wholeness' instead of it being about God making Himself real in concrete terms, in concrete reality. He misses the Incarnation and Resurrection. I applaud him for his respect of Christianity, and his frank acknowledgement of its good contributions (as well as its negative impact when the Church went astray), but his 'miss' here does effect how he analyzes the history of the West.
I will try him again. I have a feeling that if he had more focus in his subject a lot of the vague, puffy style might disappear. I can see where his thoughts about mankind and technology, or mankind and cities, might really hit home.
While he does incorporate spiritual analysis, he over spiritualizes and over moralizes Christianity. For him, it seems, Christianity is about man's striving for 'spiritual meaning,' or finding 'wholeness' instead of it being about God making Himself real in concrete terms, in concrete reality. He misses the Incarnation and Resurrection. I applaud him for his respect of Christianity, and his frank acknowledgement of its good contributions (as well as its negative impact when the Church went astray), but his 'miss' here does effect how he analyzes the history of the West.
I will try him again. I have a feeling that if he had more focus in his subject a lot of the vague, puffy style might disappear. I can see where his thoughts about mankind and technology, or mankind and cities, might really hit home.
March 11, 2012
I've always enjoyed Mumford's polymathic free-ranging over intellectual history. It carries a bit of the nostalgic image of the "cultivated scholar giving forth casually while seated by the hearth." Despite the haute style of his pen, he not only demonstrates exceptional familiarity with such a broad range of subjects, but offers surprising, prescient, critical insights - many of which are still eerily relevant today. It is for this reason we can almost pardon him for what appears now to be his idiosyncratic solution for a better condition for human beings.
January 25, 2020
Thoroughly entertaining and as relevant today as was back when originally written in 1945. Today's political and technical priorities have deviated from moral guidance of the democratic civil guidance to those of an elite. The continued expansion and drive of the few have created a social crisis never seen in these current generations.
July 17, 2020
The fundamental question of this book is fascinating: how has the human psyche developed throughout history, adapted to its circumstances, and then created or at the very least promoted the development of new ideas and circumstances across human civilizations. And the place that Mumford starts is additionally intriguing--the core humanity of Jesus. But even though he starts from some stellar places, the overall tenor of this book is somewhat uneven and rambling, so that the closing chapters are a continuation of the promises of the first few, but with a tiredness to their prose that feels like it's just reworking prior ideas from earlier in the manuscript. In addition, the extended eulogy for Patrick Geddes is interesting, but feels significantly out of place. Many of the ideas present in this volume are fascinating, and Mumford always has a knack for phrasing and his prose is usually fairly engaging to read, but the length of the book makes it feel like he overstays his welcome here, so that the ultimate value of the thing is somewhat tread on by the book's closing (which, ironically, is itself one of the better parts of the book).
August 26, 2024
I only gave this book three stars, but much of it was five-star material: a deep understanding of the philosophy of history and the currents that shape our lives. I especially appreciate Mumford's critical stance towards technics and machine.
It took me a long time to read this book. The author references many historical events especially in the humanities for which I had limited knowledge, and sometimes none. This made following along difficult.
It was also difficult to read because of the style of an earlier time. Philosophy tends to also use abstract argot, as was the case here. Mumford's particular style compounded these problems, such as his overuse of the colon.
This is the third book in a treatise and I am looking forward to reading the first two books. I might re-read this as well once I have more background information.
It took me a long time to read this book. The author references many historical events especially in the humanities for which I had limited knowledge, and sometimes none. This made following along difficult.
It was also difficult to read because of the style of an earlier time. Philosophy tends to also use abstract argot, as was the case here. Mumford's particular style compounded these problems, such as his overuse of the colon.
This is the third book in a treatise and I am looking forward to reading the first two books. I might re-read this as well once I have more background information.
December 13, 2024
Lewis Mumford’s The Condition of Man (1944) is a sweeping philosophical and historical analysis of human existence, exploring the interplay between individual agency, societal structures, and cultural values. Written during the tumultuous years of World War II, the book reflects Mumford’s deep concern for the moral and spiritual crises of modern civilization. Combining insights from history, philosophy, anthropology, and sociology, Mumford seeks to diagnose the root causes of humanity’s struggles and to propose a vision for a more balanced and humane society.
At its core, The Condition of Man argues that humanity’s greatest challenge lies in reconciling its biological and cultural dimensions. Mumford contends that the human condition is shaped by a tension between the organic, life-sustaining forces of nature and the technological, institutional, and ideological constructs of civilization. While these constructs have enabled remarkable progress, they have also alienated humanity from its essential nature, leading to disintegration, nihilism, and moral decay.
Mumford traces this tension historically, from prehistoric societies to the modern industrial age. He emphasizes the pivotal role of technology and rationalism in reshaping human life, noting that while these forces have expanded humanity’s material capabilities, they have often done so at the expense of ethical and spiritual values. For Mumford, the uncritical embrace of mechanization, bureaucracy, and mass culture represents a profound existential threat, reducing individuals to cogs in a dehumanizing system.
The book is organized into thematic sections that cover a wide range of topics, including human evolution, the development of societies, the rise of modernity, and the psychological and spiritual dimensions of human life. Mumford’s interdisciplinary approach is one of the book’s strengths, as it allows him to draw connections across fields and time periods. His analysis incorporates philosophical reflections on the works of thinkers such as Plato, Augustine, Nietzsche, and Spinoza, alongside historical case studies of civilizations in crisis and renewal.
A recurring theme is Mumford’s critique of the “Megamachine,” his term for the systems of power, technology, and bureaucracy that dominate modern life. He argues that this system prioritizes efficiency and control over human well-being, leading to a loss of individuality, creativity, and moral responsibility. This critique anticipates later discussions about technological determinism and the ethics of automation, making Mumford’s work remarkably prescient.
Yet, Mumford is not entirely pessimistic. He advocates for a reintegration of human life, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that harmonizes technological advancement with ethical and ecological considerations. His vision for renewal includes a return to organic, community-centered living and the cultivation of values such as compassion, self-discipline, and creativity.
Mumford’s intellectual ambition and breadth of knowledge are among the book’s greatest strengths. His ability to synthesize diverse disciplines and historical examples creates a rich and multifaceted analysis of the human condition. His prose, while dense, is eloquent and engaging, demonstrating both his erudition and his passion for the subject matter.
The book’s historical perspective also provides valuable insights into the cultural and existential challenges of the 20th century. Writing in the midst of World War II, Mumford’s reflections on the destructive potential of unchecked technological and political power resonate deeply with the anxieties of his time—and remain relevant in the contemporary context of globalization, climate change, and artificial intelligence.
However, The Condition of Man is not without its limitations. The book’s sweeping scope occasionally comes at the expense of precision, as Mumford’s arguments can sometimes rely on broad generalizations rather than detailed evidence. Additionally, his critiques of modernity and mechanization, while compelling, may strike some readers as overly nostalgic or idealistic, particularly in their advocacy for a return to organic modes of living.
Mumford’s interdisciplinary approach, while a strength, also poses challenges for readers unfamiliar with his wide-ranging references and intellectual influences. The book demands a high level of engagement and prior knowledge, which may limit its accessibility to general audiences.
Despite these challenges, The Condition of Man remains a landmark work in the study of the human condition and the critique of modernity. Mumford’s insights into the interplay between technology, culture, and morality are particularly relevant in the 21st century, as humanity grapples with the consequences of technological acceleration and ecological crisis. His call for a more balanced and integrated approach to human life resonates with contemporary movements advocating for sustainability, community-oriented living, and ethical governance.
Lewis Mumford’s The Condition of Man is a profound and ambitious exploration of the existential dilemmas facing humanity. Its interdisciplinary analysis, historical depth, and moral urgency make it a vital text for scholars of philosophy, history, sociology, and cultural studies. While its scope and complexity may challenge readers, the book’s enduring insights into the relationship between technology, culture, and ethics ensure its relevance for understanding the crises and possibilities of modern civilisation.
GPT
At its core, The Condition of Man argues that humanity’s greatest challenge lies in reconciling its biological and cultural dimensions. Mumford contends that the human condition is shaped by a tension between the organic, life-sustaining forces of nature and the technological, institutional, and ideological constructs of civilization. While these constructs have enabled remarkable progress, they have also alienated humanity from its essential nature, leading to disintegration, nihilism, and moral decay.
Mumford traces this tension historically, from prehistoric societies to the modern industrial age. He emphasizes the pivotal role of technology and rationalism in reshaping human life, noting that while these forces have expanded humanity’s material capabilities, they have often done so at the expense of ethical and spiritual values. For Mumford, the uncritical embrace of mechanization, bureaucracy, and mass culture represents a profound existential threat, reducing individuals to cogs in a dehumanizing system.
The book is organized into thematic sections that cover a wide range of topics, including human evolution, the development of societies, the rise of modernity, and the psychological and spiritual dimensions of human life. Mumford’s interdisciplinary approach is one of the book’s strengths, as it allows him to draw connections across fields and time periods. His analysis incorporates philosophical reflections on the works of thinkers such as Plato, Augustine, Nietzsche, and Spinoza, alongside historical case studies of civilizations in crisis and renewal.
A recurring theme is Mumford’s critique of the “Megamachine,” his term for the systems of power, technology, and bureaucracy that dominate modern life. He argues that this system prioritizes efficiency and control over human well-being, leading to a loss of individuality, creativity, and moral responsibility. This critique anticipates later discussions about technological determinism and the ethics of automation, making Mumford’s work remarkably prescient.
Yet, Mumford is not entirely pessimistic. He advocates for a reintegration of human life, emphasizing the need for a holistic approach that harmonizes technological advancement with ethical and ecological considerations. His vision for renewal includes a return to organic, community-centered living and the cultivation of values such as compassion, self-discipline, and creativity.
Mumford’s intellectual ambition and breadth of knowledge are among the book’s greatest strengths. His ability to synthesize diverse disciplines and historical examples creates a rich and multifaceted analysis of the human condition. His prose, while dense, is eloquent and engaging, demonstrating both his erudition and his passion for the subject matter.
The book’s historical perspective also provides valuable insights into the cultural and existential challenges of the 20th century. Writing in the midst of World War II, Mumford’s reflections on the destructive potential of unchecked technological and political power resonate deeply with the anxieties of his time—and remain relevant in the contemporary context of globalization, climate change, and artificial intelligence.
However, The Condition of Man is not without its limitations. The book’s sweeping scope occasionally comes at the expense of precision, as Mumford’s arguments can sometimes rely on broad generalizations rather than detailed evidence. Additionally, his critiques of modernity and mechanization, while compelling, may strike some readers as overly nostalgic or idealistic, particularly in their advocacy for a return to organic modes of living.
Mumford’s interdisciplinary approach, while a strength, also poses challenges for readers unfamiliar with his wide-ranging references and intellectual influences. The book demands a high level of engagement and prior knowledge, which may limit its accessibility to general audiences.
Despite these challenges, The Condition of Man remains a landmark work in the study of the human condition and the critique of modernity. Mumford’s insights into the interplay between technology, culture, and morality are particularly relevant in the 21st century, as humanity grapples with the consequences of technological acceleration and ecological crisis. His call for a more balanced and integrated approach to human life resonates with contemporary movements advocating for sustainability, community-oriented living, and ethical governance.
Lewis Mumford’s The Condition of Man is a profound and ambitious exploration of the existential dilemmas facing humanity. Its interdisciplinary analysis, historical depth, and moral urgency make it a vital text for scholars of philosophy, history, sociology, and cultural studies. While its scope and complexity may challenge readers, the book’s enduring insights into the relationship between technology, culture, and ethics ensure its relevance for understanding the crises and possibilities of modern civilisation.
GPT
November 23, 2022
A bit heavy going and slow to process (most of the times?), however some of the ideas expounded in this book make the latter worthwile the effort. His ideas on the mechanization of man are extremely relevant for today. He does a synopsis of the latter idea and traces its roots but also its possible solution.
October 11, 2007
Man's present condition on earth is constant with the evolution of society, religious thinking and the environment.
Heavy reading...many chapters I've read for a second time.
An awe-inspiring book
Heavy reading...many chapters I've read for a second time.
An awe-inspiring book
March 24, 2010
review to come...
Read
January 14, 2017This sweeping examination of the human condition is compelling. Hard to imagine the scholarship, erudition, and psychological insight packed into this book. Mumford is amazing.
Displaying 1 - 11 of 11 reviews