Nelja kuninga tapmine aastal 1343 on üks kummalisemaid sündmusi Eesti ajaloos. Miks oli kuningaid just neli? Mida nad õigupoolest valitsesid? Ja peamine: kuidas võisid nad nii kergemeelselt Saksa Orduga kohtuma minna? Nendest küsimustest näidend lähtubki. Aga see on ainult lähtepunkt.
Alternative History Theatrical Account of the Death of the Four Estonian Kings 1343
Kuningad: näidend aastast 1343 (Kings: A Play about the Year 1343) is historical novelist/playwright Tiit Aleksejev's retelling of the symbolic end of the St. George's Night Uprising by the local populace against the ruling Danish & Germanic nobility in mediaeval Livonia (present day Estonia & Latvia). The 4 representatives of the Estonian uprising (who were more likely to have been warrior leaders from the peasant class rather than actual nobility or royalty) and their stewards were massacred in Paide Castle (then known as Weissenstein) while meeting there with the Master of the Livonian Order of Crusading German Knights under a flag of truce. The historical record says that it was the Estonians who initiated the incident by attacking one of the Germans present.
To the best of my knowledge, the entire story of the Four Kings is based on paraphrases of the now lost Younger Livonian Rhymed Chronicle written in the late 1340's by Bartholomäus Hoeneke, a chaplain of the Master of the Livonian Order. Trusting this account is somewhat like trusting the American Indian Bureau's account of the death of Sitting Bull at the hands of its agents, i.e. it is more likely that a planned institutional murder was covered up and blamed on its victims.
Aleksejev takes this bare bones story and constructs a scenario with three kings, each of whom is a stand-in for some standard stereotypical rulers, e.g. the competent king, the naïve king, the lazy king. There is no actual fourth king as a character, but rather one exists either as a symbol of future hope in the lead character of the Estonian Salanõunik (Privy Counsellor) who does place a coronet on his head before heading into battle towards the end of the play OR as a fictional construct by the Master of the Livonian Order who reveals that he plans to manipulate history by falsifying the chronicle record.
There are likely subtleties about modern day Estonian politicians in the play that I am missing out on (Aleksejev states at the front-end that all anachronisms are intentional) but that did not detract from my enjoyment of this alternative history version of a pivotal point in Estonian history.
Kui Hvostov mängis paar aastat tagasi Läti Henriku teemadel oma näidendis "Henrik", siis nüüd on Aleksejev liikunud sadakond aastat hilisemasse aega ja fantaseerib Jüriöö aegsete sündmustega. Näidend "Kuningad" pakub ridamisi allegooriaid ja sümboleid, nii ajaloo kui ka tänapäeva aadressil. Teravaid torkeid jagub ning ka eneseirooniaga pole kokku hoitud. Olen alati nautinud alternatiivajalooga tegelevaid tekste, mis tõstatavad küsimuse "Aga kui oleks hoopis nii juhtunud, et...?" või "See kõik oli hoopis teist moodi!". Võitjad ju kirjutavad ajaloo. Sulepea ja kustukumm mõlemas käes.
Ma pole eriti näidendite lugemise sõber. Mõned ideekillud on huvitavad, aga minu jaoks ei saanud nad piisavalt hästi välja arendatud. Modernsete elementide põimimine 14. sajandi loo sisse ei teinud ka asja paremaks.