As a young student in America, Roya Hakakian observed the skewed perception Americans had of Iranians. At first, she laughed at assumptions of a Bedouin upbringing where camels were used for transportation, but soon, she grew frustrated with the inability of her peers to understand the Iran she loved. During the summer of 1999 while working as a reporter, she received a phone call from a New York Times journalist who wished to hear her perspective on the political situation in Iran. Begrudgingly, she agreed to speak with him and, over time, realized that her story was one that needed to be told. Not simply through someone else’s editorial column but rather from her own perspective. In writing her memoir, Journey From the Land of No, Hakaian succeeds in showing a different side of Iran, expelling western stereotypes which viewed Iranians as tent dwelling citizens of a backwards country or, alternatively, as a people who overthrew the Shah’s puppet regime and replaced it with a more culturally fitting government under Ayatollah Khomeini.
In order to expel the notion of Iran as a tribal society, Hakakian shows the reader the sophisticated cultural foundations of her country and her home. Her father, the headmaster of a well respected Jewish school, writes poetry admired by his entire community. Her brother Albert, who leaves for America in the early chapters of the book, is an artist and political cartoonist. Her brother Javid reads The Little Black Fish, a book inspired by revolutionary ideals of free will and the struggle against oppressors, to her as she rests in his lap. It is in this home, with books lining the shelves, political discussions around the dinner table and poetry written on the walls, where Roya grows up. The Iranian heritage that Roya comes from is established as one of culture and learning, not isolation and backwardness.
Hakakian aims to transform the abstract idea of the veiled young woman into an individual readers can relate to. The traditional Iranian values which constrain women to positions in the home are evident throughout the book. Roya recalls her mother and aunts literally shedding blood without complaint while working in the kitchen. She describes the ordeal her cousin Farah goes through on her wedding night when her virginity is questioned. The reader observes Roya’s conflict with her principal, Mrs. Moghadam. The young Roya rises up against the ideals of the Islamic revolution, “Together as girls we found the courage we had been told was not in us,” (169) she says of a schoolyard demonstration protesting the cancellation of Passover vacation. By presenting the strong women figures in her life, Hakakian helps the reader to see a type of woman different from the veiled masses.
Hakakian’s experiences serve as an antidote to the stereotype of strict Islamic religious beliefs viewed by the west as uniform throughout Iran. Bibi, a Muslim neighbor, serves as Roya’s role model. She is beautiful and intellectual. Hiding in the basement, she secretly listens to Khomeini’s speeches. But her hopes for a better Iran, free from the Shah, are crushed by the theocratic regime which ultimately sends her to prison. It is women like Bibi, not those like Mrs. Moghadam, who accurately represent the Iranian dream of government by the people. The story of Uncle Ardi, the rebel of the family who contemplates inter-marriage, exemplifies the extent to which Muslims and Jews were able to socialize and enjoy the same freedoms in pre-revolutionary Iran. From Roya’s account, the reader learns that extremism was imposed by the new regime rather than the natural tendency of all Iranian Muslims.
While the political landscape of Iran has changed since 1979 with new leaders taking power and fresh floods of protests streaming through the streets, the stereotypes confronted in Journey from the Land of No remain. Reading the memoir allows us to see, from the eyes of a young girl, the excitement of revolution and the pain of betrayal. It is the hope of Hakakian that this greater understanding will aid the reader not only in understanding the history of Iran but also the possibilities of a better future for the country.