This feels like the starting point for a bigger, better book that will probably be written after both Juan Carlos and Sofia are no longer with us. The earlier parts about Juan carlos’s Childhood and youth are a *lot* stronger than the later ones which has over 20 years condensed into one chapter.
Preston has interviewed some of those around Juan Carlos but its mostly cobbled together from what’s in the public domain (books, newspapers, tv etc...), and is very similar to Charles Powell’s earlier study of the king. The biggest pitfall is an absence of Spanish archive sources (these are probably still classified) as well as other ones I might have expected such as the Broadlands papers, the Royal Archives at Windsor, material from sundry repositories in the United States etc... This relative historiographical parsimony is a drawback as there is an unwillingness to confront the more unattractive side of Juan Carlos’s personality or his errors and mis-steps both in his later years and as a younger man. Preston's unwillingness to really try and probe his character and psyche means that for a biography it felt like it was lacking something as Juan Carlos himself often is absent from the narrative for large stretches at a time, but it also means on the plus side that we are spared a great deal of spurious psychobabble, sensationalism, gossip and speculation which so often blights volumes like these.
Since the focus is on Juan Carlos’s public role, there isn’t much about his relationships particularly with the women in his life which is again in part due to Preston’s self denying ordinances on sources but its still a pity as it means that a lot of people are overlooked, meaning the story is very much a male one. For example, his sisters Infantas Pilar and Margarita, his mother Dona Maria, the post marriage “amigas” (the early girlfriends get a good look in though), the Infantas Elena and Christina, Crown princess and later Queen Letizia, and of course Queen Sofia, who I really get the impression Preston doesn’t like given his dismissive attitude to her and her family in general. We do of course have the tragedy of the (probably) accidental death of his brother and the importance of Queen Ena covered well, but it mostly focuses on Juan Carlos getting stuck in a tug of war between his old man the Conte de Barcelona and generalissimo Franco, who yes is still dead, which is all good but it means when Franco dies some of the ginger goes out of the story and it just fizzles out.
More international perspective of monarchy in changing societies that could have also given the book a bit more heft and helped place Juan Carlos and Spain in their proper international context, the closest we get to this is Preston throwing the odd sneer in the direction of Sofia’s brother the ci-devant king of Greece, which are for the most part mean spirited and really don’t add anything to the overall thesis. More emphasis on the massive social changes that had taken place in Spain between the 1930s and the 1970s would have also helped root Juan Carlos’s ‘place’ so to speak and helped clarify his role against wider social and economic trends that made the emergence of democratic Spain possible as Preston never really clarifies this and it can leave the non specialist somewhat at a loose end.
A little more about the Borbon cousinage and their place in Franco’s Succession schemes would have also helped (as would have a proper family tree to show how everyone is related) as it’s mentioned briefly but not really explained nor do we learn, say, what kind of relationship Juan carlos had with say Alfonso Borbon-Dampierre or just how seriously his potential as successors to Franco was taken, or what him and Juan Carlos thought of one another.
There are also two facets that Preston does not cover that I think needs to be looked at and he avoids. The first is gender and masculinity, in particular the influence of concepts like machismo and caballerosidad on Juan Carlos’s public image, behavior, and style of kingship - again I think that comes back to the problems of source material in the book, but also seems like a blind spot on Preston’s part. The second is media culture and celebrity. I have often felt that Juan Carlos’s story and media image has often made him come off as kind of being Princess Diana for blokes - a fantasy, a insubstantial confection and a myth. Looking back in retrospect, it seems much of Juan Carlos’s ‘success’ as king owed to what now looks like a Faustian pact with the media that has in the long run not served him well at all.
The role of the United States in Spanish domestic politics during this period also goes unaddressed - surely a topic of great importance given the USA’s role in propping up Franco for so long, as well as NATO and Europe to boot.
I am probably being too hasty as I have heard that Preston might be planning a revised edition which will cover JC’s later years in more detail up to his abdication and beyond, so these critiques are provisional. That said, what Preston does put in is good. There is a lot about Spanish politics both before and after Franco’s death (but the casual reader should probably read the relevant Wikipedia entries before plunging in). In contrast to his Franco biography, Preston actually likes the subject this time and this is in part what makes the book actually very enjoyable to read. The notes are very useful and as is standard for his books, a very detailed index.