This is a funnier and happier book than one might suppose, given that it's about a religious man who's wronged by religious people and lives his next 15 years as an outcast in another community, where's he's viewed with disdain and suspicion. I read it in high school and remember liking it, but not remembering why. It seemed to me that few people in my class liked it, and I'm guessing that it's not assigned in American schools any more.
The book has two parts, and they're connected, but it does create some strange juxtapositions. One part is the story of Silas Marner, a Methodist (word isn't used in the book, but anyone in George Eliot's time would know that "going to chapel" instead of church meant Methodist), who is ostracized from his community when his best friend claims he stole from a dying man. Marner moves to an isolated town in the British countryside and gradually becomes a fixture in the community because he's a very good weaver. But he has no friends, and the only thing that sustains him is his love of the gold that he accumulates as pay for his work. In short, he's a classic miser.
Eliot's genius tells us why and how he becomes a miser, rather than leaving him as a stock miser figure familiar in literature. Usually, the miser's past history is unimportant, as the point is that he (and it's almost always a man) is a miser, and the action takes place when he's forced out of his shell or someone tries to take his money or he dies and leaves it to someone else. In this book, the miserliness is part of the point, and it's done with sensitivity, even though it's a little hard to believe.
Anyway, there's a wealthy family in the town, and they have two adult sons. One of them is a particularly bad character, and he steals Marner's money. This forces Marner into society to alert people about the theft, and from that grows a certain level of compassion for him. One kindly woman even takes the effort to become his friend and confidant. The interactions with the citizens is the other part of the book, the more comic part. Over and over, Eliot makes humor out of their superstitions, their ignorance, their very limited outlooks. For example, several times people say that they don't know many words from the Bible or even the meaning of those that they do know, but the words must be "good" because they're from the Bible. Also, the battle among citizens to become the deputy in charge of investigating the theft, and the logic they use to incorrectly connect it with a traveling peddler, are done in a comic light.
Even though these sections also contain obvious criticism of people's ignorant ways, Eliot maintains the light touch by having none of those things create bad consequences. For example, no peddler is wrongly arrested and convicted (ironically, unlike Marner who was wrongly convicted by his smarter, more worldly religious peers). And Marner is treated with kindness, even when it's tinged by his neighbors' stupidity.
Marner eventually is redeemed, in the person of an orphaned infant, whose opium-addicted mother dies almost on his doorstep in a snowstorm. While this might seem melodramatic, the truth of life in the 19th century in urban England is that people died that way all the time, especially women who were seduced or married by wealthy men who then regretted their decisions. It should be noted that Marner came from a nominally urban area, or urbanizing area, as did the dead woman. One of the contrasts in this book is between the unspoiled and relatively wealthy and equitable village, and the cruelty and anonymity of the city.
The latter parts of the book show Marner regaining his humanity, as he raises the girl. She brings life, and especially, change to him, as Eliot says that a life without change is not worth living -- a static life is basically death. And with this girl in tow, Marner becomes part of a new church and of the community as well.
The last section of the book brings together a few threads, and I won't spoil it. Let's just say that Marner, his adopted daughter, and others in the town have a reckoning, and they have tough choices to make -- choices of conscience, of status, of love. It ends happily, with the poor people making the right choices and living well as a result, and the wealthy people respecting those decisions and doing as well as they can, too.
"Silas Marner" is a story of redemption, of love, of community, of life. It also has hard lessons about life being missed, about taking a disappointment too hard, and about the sins of ignorance, arrogance, and avarice. There's a lot going on, and it's well worth reading.