This time of divisiveness and politics has warped our thinking; we need to recover what matters most. Dr. Collins argues that we have “lost sight of the sources of wisdom.” There are four bedrock sources of wisdom our civilization has depended on for centuries: truth, science, faith, and trust.
1: Truth - There is a reality that exists independently of us, and that statements or beliefs about that reality are true when they accurately describe it, regardless of how we feel about them. It’s useful to think of truth as operating on different levels of certainty: from necessary truth (the innermost layer), to firmly established facts, to uncertainty, and finally to opinion (the outermost layer).
When thinking about untruth, there are 6 categories: ignorance (not possessing the relevant info), falsehood/misinformation (a statement that can be convincingly shown to be untrue), a lie (an intentional distortion of the truth), delusion (one’s competence to understand or address a complicated situation, despite having no real expertise or training), bullshit (a circumstance where the communicator is trying to make an impression on you, but has no interest in actual facts), and propaganda (a massive scale-up of lies and distortions with political intent).
We organize our cognitive experience into a metaphorical web of belief: various threads organized in a circular fashion held together with radial threads. The points where they cross over are nodes, which link up the threads. Nodes near the center are particularly critical. If damaged, the whole structure is at risk to collapse. Beliefs that you are attached to passionately are the nodes near the center (my wife loves me, Jesus died for me, etc).
Farther out are nodes reflecting assertions that you think are likely to be true but are less critical to your sense of who you are and what really matters (my cat loves me, etc). In conclusion, we have central and peripheral nodes!
Questions to Discern Truth:
1. What is the source of the information?
2. Does that source represent real expertise?
3. Is the claim based on an anecdote or a larger study?
4. Does the provider of the information seem objective, or could there be a hidden goal to manipulate you?
5. Is the language sober and accessible, or is it hyperbolic and designed to induce fear and/or anger?
2: Science - This discipline has made remarkable contributions to human flourishing, and we need it more than ever to properly address issues like cancer, pandemics, and climate change. It offers the chance to uncover truths of nature that can help us. Science doesn’t always get it right, but it is self-correcting, and can lead to conclusions about objective truth, providing us with a critical foundation for our future together.
3: Faith - Having faith that is anchored to the fundamentals of love, morality, and goodness can play a critical role on the road to wisdom. The camp of the agnostics is growing, primarily because of society’s aversion to hypocrisy. The secular and self-oriented existence is ultimately empty meaning-wise. There are fundamental questions that science can’t answer: why is there something instead of nothing? What is the source of morality? Do good and evil have any real significance? What is the meaning of life? How, then, should I live my own life? Where do I turn to when everything seems to be coming apart around me? Faith fills the gap!
4: Trust - It is what holds relationships together. Trust is critical for a society to be able to work together. However, it seems that trust is in short supply at the moment: little building, a lot of breakage, and almost no repair.
Collins makes the case that there are “four significant criteria” that most of us use when we’re deciding whether or not to trust a person or an institution:
1. Integrity - Does this person or institution represent honesty and moral uprightness? Do they have a reputation for fairness? How have they handled difficult circumstances?
2. Competence - Does this person know what they they’re talking about? Expertise matters!
3. Humility - Do they recognize their own limitations? Do they practice restraint? Choosing to not claim exceptional insight beyond their own expertise?
4. Aligned Values - Alignment in priorities significantly increases the likelihood of granting trust.
Distrust is growing in our personal relationships and in our confidence in institutions. Where is this coming from? One cause is earned distrust: where failures of individuals or institutions to live up to expectations have led to a justifiable loss of confidence in them. Another type of distrust is not merited or earned, but rather manufactured. Scapegoating is a common symptom of this second form of distrust.
Misinformation, disinformation, fear, and anger are trying to “knock us into the ditch” 24/7. How shall we respond? Tap into your deeply embedded hunger for healing and hope.
1. We need to reanchor our worldview, believing in the objectivity of truth, but also recognizing the different levels of certainty mentioned earlier. When talking with others, build bridges of connection through the shared values of truth, love, beauty, goodness, freedom, faith, and family!
2. We need to distinguish facts from fakes. The rational self is the rider, but our emotions and opinions are the ride. Remember that cognitive bias is a real thing! Your mind can be infected with bad ideas and false beliefs. The best way to prevent these “mind infections” is to maintain a mental immune system that can come to your defense. Make sure to administer a kind of advance immunization to your mind, anticipating the kind of misinformation and disinformation that is likely to appear in a particular situation, otherwise known as “pre-bunking.” Also, don’t be a distributor of information of questionable validity. If you’re not sure it’s true, don’t spread it!
3. Become more comfortable having conversations with people who have very differing views from yours. Use these convos as opportunities to understand the mindset of people who have landed in a very different place than you. Your goal is to listen, to understand their perspective, but not to necessarily change their mind. If they don’t feel under attack, their “sword and shield may be laid down.” Then genuine dialogue can happen.
4. Help the kids! Encourage outdoor play and discourage phone use as much as possible. Get kids involved in music, dance, or theater to learn discipline and work with others to create something inspiring.
5. Engage with your community. We need a new approach to our interactions with one another. Link up with those who are motivated to address our current polarization. If there isn’t an organization doing this in your community already, prayerfully consider creating one!
6. Engage with your nation. If our nation’s political system has lost much of its commitment to truth, compromise, and civility, it is up to us to turn that around. Stepping away from the tension only makes matters worse. Focus on electing leaders who are people of real vision, those capable of building consensus.
7. Make a personal commitment. We need to fight for what is great and glorious: truth, science, faith, and trust. These are among the grandest achievements and insights of human civilization. To give up on them is to give up on humanity’s potential. To fight for them is to fight for a brighter future for us all. Let us busy ourselves with the task of bringing about greater flourishing of our entire human family! Sign the Road to Wisdom pledge to commit yourself to this project.