They seem to be stating the obvious that you first need to come to grips with two separate but very much linked concepts: that of suggestion and suggestibility......A suggestion is a type of communication designed to influence, to call up ideas or images in another’s mind, or imply that something is true. compels us to measure our own beliefs and inclinations against those of others. Suggestibility, on the other hand, is the degree to which someone is predisposed to accept and act on the suggestions of others. OK, I have no problems with that and probably I’ve never thought about things in that way But is that sufficient to form the foundation for a whole book? I’m still not sure. Though I should provide the caveat that this review is based only on the Blinkist summary of the book ....with all the limitations that that entails. They say that a low level of suggestibility can present its own challenges. For example, someone who rigidly anchors themselves to their own viewpoint–like a skeptic unwilling to trust expert medical advice.
Striking a balance can improve decision-making and lead to better outcomes.
Throughout life, levels of suggestibility naturally fluctuate. During times of change or transition, we tend to be more open to suggestions:...Suggestibility, when harnessed thoughtfully, is a powerful asset.
The Aboriginal peoples, indigenous to Australia, developed an intricate and ingenious navigation system rooted in their deep connection to the land: songlines......These paths, sung in sequences, contain vital information on landmarks, water sources, flora, fauna, and survival practices.......How were these vastly complex songlines created and passed down so effectively? Well, partly through suggestibility.....As the songlines illustrate, suggestibility carries a distinct evolutionary advantage......In early human societies, suggestible individuals could quickly adapt their behaviours based on the wisdom and experiences of others. [It seems to me that there is a large element her of wishful thinking or of assuming things without any proof. The fact is that nobody was around with the tools to measure how these songlines were passed on. Nor is it really possible to say that the songlines did not change over time. The claim is that they have not changed for thousands of years but there is no proof of that].
Suggestibility also facilitates the creation and transmission of cultural practices and rituals.
In shamanic rituals, suggestibility fosters belief in the shaman’s healing powers and visions,
creating a powerful placebo effect. Examples have been demonstrated many times. For example two protein shakes: The labels were fake. Both shakes were exactly the same, right down to ingredients and calorie count. But the suggestion that one shake was more decadent was enough to make the participants feel fuller quicker than when they drank the "healthy" alternative.....Their physiological responses to the shakes were different, too. Ever heard of ghrelin? It's known as the "hunger hormone". When it's present at high levels, it increases appetite; with low levels of grelin, appetite decreases. When drinking the decadent milkshake, participants' levels of ghrelin actually dropped.
It's frequently been shown that our minds, mediated particularly through our powers of belief and the strength of our expectations, can exert significant influence over our bodily processes.......Perhaps the best known example of this phenomenon is the placebo effect.
Research has shown that placebo treatments can mimic the effects of actual drugs in conditions like pain management, depression, and even Parkinson's disease......In a similar way, a person's mindset and psychological outlook can influence their cardiovascular health.
This may occur through the reduction of stress hormones such as cortisol, which, when chronically elevated, can contribute to hypertension and inflammation. In studies, people trained to adopt a positive mindset, whether through therapy or suggestion, show better cardiovascular outcomes than their more pessimistic counterparts. [This is quite a good description of the placebo effect and its mode of operation. But a bit of a problem if one is really skeptical.....].
[The issue of false memories is brought into focus in the following story but what is not covered here is ther terrible consequences of the legal cases that were brought to bear in the USA on parents, falsely, accused of sexual interference with children. The false memories had actually been implanted and encourages by well-meaning but positively dangerous psychologists......My impression is that psychologists have a very poor track record for many things ...and this is one of them]. When an older relative reminded Elizabeth that she had been the one to find her mother's body, she started to remember it more clearly, right up to the firemen on the scene who gave Elizabeth oxygen.......Years later, though, the relative called Elizabeth to apologize. They had been mistaken and Elizabeth had actually not found her mother's body. Through her relatives suggestion, Elizabeth's mind was implanted with, and went on to develop in great detail, what is known as a 'false memory'......Research has shown that memory is highly malleable, and leading questions can shape an individual's recollection.
Those asked if cars "smashed" into each other reported higher speeds and more severe damage than those asked if cars simply "hit" each other......The subtle difference in wording was enough to alter their memories of the event.....Subtle cues from investigators or repeated questioning can cause witnesses to "remember" details that align with the investigator's narrative, rather than the truth.
Understanding the susceptibility of memory to suggestion emphasizes the need for careful, unbiased approaches in fields that rely on accurate recollection.
Push polls are designed to introduce negative or misleading information under the guise of asking questions. By framing questions in a way that suggests certain "facts"....For example, a push poll might ask, "Would you be more or less likely to vote for this candidate if you knew they were under investigation for corruption?"....Over time, the individual might remember hearing about the candidate's supposed involvement in corruption....This can have a significant impact on electoral outcomes....It highlights the immense power-and potential dangers-of suggestion in shaping memory and, ultimately, reality....{I guess I was aware of this but now understand the mechanism much better}.
Suggestion is contagious!....The Asch studies......found that individuals can often alter their beliefs, actions, and reasoning in order to conform to the expectations of a group.....The Asch studies found that around 75% of participants conformed to a blatantly wrong answer, simply to avoid standing out or risking ridicule.......A classic example of mass suggestion is the Salem witch trials of 1692. A group of young girls claimed to experience mysterious fits and strange behaviours, which were attributed to witchcraft.....These symptoms, likely triggered by stress, and social tensions within their Puritan community,...Ultimately, over two hundred people were accused of witchcraft, and twenty executed.
Uncontrollable tics and verbal outbursts are another example. These symptoms resembled Tourette's syndrome but had no medical cause. The behaviour spread to other students, sparking a storm of media attention. [I remember when I lived in Malaysia that there were a number of reports in newspapers of various “outbreaks of contagious hysteria in girls schools. It was just treated as almost “normal”....in the newspapers but I had never come across this anywhere else in the world. I did a bit of research and came across this explanation...which seems to explain the phenomenon fairly well: In South East Asia, during the 1970s there were several reported cases of mass hysteria outbreaks factories in Singapore and Malaysia......Mr Bartholomew, who once lived and did research in Malaysia, said the phenomenon is quite common in rural areas of the country. ...In 1987 there was an outbreak involving 36 Muslim girls in a Malay hostel in Alor Star, Kedah which Mr Bartholomew said had lasted five years. ..."The outbreak involved shouting, running and mental confusion, crying, bizarre movements, trances and spirit possession. The girls, ages 13-17, complained of too much religion and study, and too little recreation," Mr Bartholomew said. ..."Malays are susceptible because of their belief in an array of spirits," said Mr Bartholomew, adding that outbreaks tend to occur in all-female boarding schools as they are the strictest”.....all makes sense to me. Especially when they bring in “Bomoh’s (witch doctors) and religious teachers to rid the place of evil spirits]. And we have similar versions of this sort of thing in France and Spain where young girls have had visions of the virgin Mary ....and pretty soon have a vast cult following.]
The amplified reach of social media's suggestion has seen misinformation, trends, and emotional contagion influencing vast groups almost instantly.....This can lead to panic, as seen with health scares or viral rumours,.....But it can also be harnessed for good. Public health campaigns have successfully used mass suggestion to encourage beneficial behaviours such as vaccination, mask-wearing, and handwashing during outbreaks.
The power of mass suggestion continues to evolve alongside our understanding of group psychology and digital influence. While it poses significant risks, it also holds immense potential to shape the world positively.
So what’s my overall take on the book? Good but not great. Not sure that I learned a great deal. A good explanation of the placebo effect. One thing was missing that I think is important and that is some actual discussion of what is a “belief”. I recall doing a thesis on desires and values and, in the process, I needed to define “beliefs” and found it almost impossible to find a decent definition and understanding of a “belief”. The assumption is that we all know what we are talking about with beliefs ....but I don’t think that is correct. Anyway, this Book has no discussion of this issue. Overall, I liked it. Four stars from me.