What do you think?
Rate this book
Six Plays by Henrik Ibsen
New introduction by the translator, Eva Le Gallienne. Includes
A Doll's House
Ghosts
An Enemy of the People
Rosmersholm
Hedda Gabler
The Master Builder
A Doll's House
Ghosts
An Enemy of the People
Rosmersholm
Hedda Gabler
The Master Builder
510 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 1951
15 people are currently reading
438 people want to read
About the author
Henrik Ibsen
2,230 books2,104 followersHenrik Johan Ibsen was a major Norwegian playwright largely responsible for the rise of modern realistic drama. He is often referred to as the "father of modern drama." Ibsen is held to be the greatest of Norwegian authors and one of the most important playwrights of all time, celebrated as a national symbol by Norwegians.
His plays were considered scandalous to many of his era, when Victorian values of family life and propriety largely held sway in Europe and any challenge to them was considered immoral and outrageous. Ibsen's work examined the realities that lay behind many facades, possessing a revelatory nature that was disquieting to many contemporaries.
Ibsen largely founded the modern stage by introducing a critical eye and free inquiry into the conditions of life and issues of morality. Victorian-era plays were expected to be moral dramas with noble protagonists pitted against darker forces; every drama was expected to result in a morally appropriate conclusion, meaning that goodness was to bring happiness, and immorality pain. Ibsen challenged this notion and the beliefs of his times and shattered the illusions of his audiences.
His plays were considered scandalous to many of his era, when Victorian values of family life and propriety largely held sway in Europe and any challenge to them was considered immoral and outrageous. Ibsen's work examined the realities that lay behind many facades, possessing a revelatory nature that was disquieting to many contemporaries.
Ibsen largely founded the modern stage by introducing a critical eye and free inquiry into the conditions of life and issues of morality. Victorian-era plays were expected to be moral dramas with noble protagonists pitted against darker forces; every drama was expected to result in a morally appropriate conclusion, meaning that goodness was to bring happiness, and immorality pain. Ibsen challenged this notion and the beliefs of his times and shattered the illusions of his audiences.
Ratings & Reviews
Friends & Following
Create a free account to discover what your friends think of this book!
Community Reviews
Displaying 1 - 15 of 15 reviews
September 23, 2014
This collection is a sort of strange farrago of Ibsen's plays, from the metrical mock-epic of Peer Gynt, to the family dramas of A Doll's House, Ghosts and The Wild Duck, and lastly Hedda Gabler and The Master Builder which are powerfully individual dramas. Ibsen was a very versatile play write, maybe the best since Shakespeare. Unlike Shakespeare, Ibsen has much more the novelist's sentiment, he doesn't write comedies or tragedies, or what-have-you, but rather he writes life as it is, comments on it and criticizes it. Where the bard is the master of language, Ibsen is a master of morality, particularly household morality, family morality. And most of all, Ibsen is the champion of the individual: man, woman, child, invalid, married, abandoned or alone, anyone and everyone and individual unto themselves.
Certainly A Doll's House is Ibsen's most-read, and understandably, it is a pillar of drama. It is comedy, tragedy, satire, it is humanist and feminist, it is economic and economical. Following Nora, a faithful wife to her husband Torvald, who indebted herself to a man who lusts for her in order to care for her dying father, only to feel the alarming suffocation of that debt when it comes due: the pressure of finances, the social stigma of her forgery, the family pressures and judgments; but most of all the truth of her position. Nora realizes that she is not an equal in her marriage, she is beneath even her children in the esteem of their father, she is a simple doll. Torvald treats her, and addresses her, strictly in the diminutive, barely even capable of believing his "squirrel" of such a transgression. Nora's struggle against her husband, a man who she thought she loved and who loved her, but who supresses and dismisses her, who treats her as sub-human, sub-individual, is heartbreaking, and feels very real. While there is a beauty in the versed plays of Racine, Shakespeare, the greeks, there is a lovely poignancy in Ibsens's realistic and colloquial portrayal of Nora's (and Hedda's and Hedvig's) plight. Joyce was notably a devoted fan of Ibsens, and it is most obvious in his Dubliners: their critical eye to society, their offhand colloquialism, and perhaps most Ibsen-esque: their moral epiphanies.
Ghosts, alongside Hedda Gabler and Peer Gynt was a most felicitous discovery for me. The drama whirls around the Alving family: the family-head recently deceased, an orphanage has been built and is to be named in his memory, the son suffers from dangerous seizures and so is come home where he falls in love with his nurse, Regina; his mother has deluded herself into believing the heroic mythology about her late husband, though she knows him to have been a cruel and unfaithful scoundrel and drunk. The play deals with two parallel issues: individual rights, parental rights, over life/death of a son, and the creeping of the past into the present. Ultimately Ghosts is haunted by the mortality and impotence of the good (Oswald) and the immortality of evil (Mr. Alving's reputation, legacy). The discovery of Regina's consanguinity with the Alving's, the most wretched of Mr. Alving's legacies, brings on Oswald's most severe seizure as yet. While Oswald is weak, loving, and honest, his presence in the play is always diminished beneath the shadow of his terrible father, who grows more and more terrible. It is the ghost of Mr. Alving which is unescapable, which is to say that moral transgressions outlive us, our sins become our legacies.
I have read somewhere that Hedda Gabler is considered by some to be the "female Hamlet" - a sort of strange claim, which doesn't seem to quite follow the texts. While both Hamlet and Hedda are tremendous imaginative capacity, and both powerful individual thinkers (and hero-villains of their respective plays), Hedda's case is one of neuroticism, not of genius. Hedda's hero-villainy is not simple revenge or Machiavellian ambition, nor even true madness. She doggedly pursues what it is that she wants, but what she wants is an aberration of normal morality, her means for achieving those odd ends are even more transgressive and highly manipulative: but they adhere clearly to her own subconscious logic. She is not mad, she is without reason, her reason is simply perverted. She is married to an Tesman, a man who bores her and offends her in his simplicity. She is the masculine figure to an unmanned husband, she is an expert horse rider, and a champion of her father's, rather than her husband's, name. When her old flame, Lovborg, returns, having achieved fame for his work in the same academic field as Tesman, she fears that he will threaten their financial security. Though he assures her that he is not interested in pursuing the professorship that Tesman has worked hard for, Hedda still manipulates him to go out drinking (he is a recovering alcoholic) with her husband and his friends. He does so, loses his manuscript for his "great sequel" to his previous work. Tesman discovers it, and Hedda, instead of returning it, convinces Lovborg to commit suicide (giving him her own gun), and then burns the manuscript. When her complicity in his suicide is discovered, she kills herself.
Hedda has a tremendous capacity for imagination, and is perhaps one of the great solipsists of drama, alongside her princely Danish friend. Like Hamlet, she is an aesthete; he view of the world is a drama in itself, and that drama is one which is proleptic to the play which we read as Hedda Gabler, until the two converge at her suicide. Her love for Lovborg is one which is artistic, beautiful, and his death in the brothel shatters her warmly amorous conception of him, shatters the illusion of him in her eyes, and reveals to her the very real world around her: the broken pieces left behind of her beautiful design. Like Hamlet, Hedda's design is perfect, but only as it adheres to her own internal (and flawed) logic, and therefore it is incompatible to the real world. Though ultimately her goals are achieved, the effects escape her, they are not as she planned, and her design has failed her.
Certainly A Doll's House is Ibsen's most-read, and understandably, it is a pillar of drama. It is comedy, tragedy, satire, it is humanist and feminist, it is economic and economical. Following Nora, a faithful wife to her husband Torvald, who indebted herself to a man who lusts for her in order to care for her dying father, only to feel the alarming suffocation of that debt when it comes due: the pressure of finances, the social stigma of her forgery, the family pressures and judgments; but most of all the truth of her position. Nora realizes that she is not an equal in her marriage, she is beneath even her children in the esteem of their father, she is a simple doll. Torvald treats her, and addresses her, strictly in the diminutive, barely even capable of believing his "squirrel" of such a transgression. Nora's struggle against her husband, a man who she thought she loved and who loved her, but who supresses and dismisses her, who treats her as sub-human, sub-individual, is heartbreaking, and feels very real. While there is a beauty in the versed plays of Racine, Shakespeare, the greeks, there is a lovely poignancy in Ibsens's realistic and colloquial portrayal of Nora's (and Hedda's and Hedvig's) plight. Joyce was notably a devoted fan of Ibsens, and it is most obvious in his Dubliners: their critical eye to society, their offhand colloquialism, and perhaps most Ibsen-esque: their moral epiphanies.
NORAUnlike in Joyce, Nora's (Hedda's, Hedvig's, Solness's, Mrs. Alving's) epiphanies are powerful enough to disrupt, the cause change: their effects are irrevocable and unavoidable. It becomes impossible for Nora to stay> Though leaving her children pains her, to stay for their sake would destroy her.
Our house has been nothing but a play-room. Here I have been your doll-wife, just as at home I used to be papa's doll-child. And the children, in their turn, have been my dolls. I thought it fun when you played with me, just as the children did when I played with them. That has been our marriage, Torvald.
Ghosts, alongside Hedda Gabler and Peer Gynt was a most felicitous discovery for me. The drama whirls around the Alving family: the family-head recently deceased, an orphanage has been built and is to be named in his memory, the son suffers from dangerous seizures and so is come home where he falls in love with his nurse, Regina; his mother has deluded herself into believing the heroic mythology about her late husband, though she knows him to have been a cruel and unfaithful scoundrel and drunk. The play deals with two parallel issues: individual rights, parental rights, over life/death of a son, and the creeping of the past into the present. Ultimately Ghosts is haunted by the mortality and impotence of the good (Oswald) and the immortality of evil (Mr. Alving's reputation, legacy). The discovery of Regina's consanguinity with the Alving's, the most wretched of Mr. Alving's legacies, brings on Oswald's most severe seizure as yet. While Oswald is weak, loving, and honest, his presence in the play is always diminished beneath the shadow of his terrible father, who grows more and more terrible. It is the ghost of Mr. Alving which is unescapable, which is to say that moral transgressions outlive us, our sins become our legacies.
MRS. ALVING
I almost think we are all of us ghosts, Pastor Manders. It is not only what we have inherited from our father and mother that "walks
with us. It is all sorts of dead ideas, and lifeless old beliefs, and so forth. They have no vitality, but they cling to us all the same, and we cannot shake them off. Whenever I take up a newspaper, I seem to see ghosts gliding between the lines. There must be ghosts all the country over, as thick as the sands of the sea. And then we are, on and all, so pitifully afraid of the light.
I have read somewhere that Hedda Gabler is considered by some to be the "female Hamlet" - a sort of strange claim, which doesn't seem to quite follow the texts. While both Hamlet and Hedda are tremendous imaginative capacity, and both powerful individual thinkers (and hero-villains of their respective plays), Hedda's case is one of neuroticism, not of genius. Hedda's hero-villainy is not simple revenge or Machiavellian ambition, nor even true madness. She doggedly pursues what it is that she wants, but what she wants is an aberration of normal morality, her means for achieving those odd ends are even more transgressive and highly manipulative: but they adhere clearly to her own subconscious logic. She is not mad, she is without reason, her reason is simply perverted. She is married to an Tesman, a man who bores her and offends her in his simplicity. She is the masculine figure to an unmanned husband, she is an expert horse rider, and a champion of her father's, rather than her husband's, name. When her old flame, Lovborg, returns, having achieved fame for his work in the same academic field as Tesman, she fears that he will threaten their financial security. Though he assures her that he is not interested in pursuing the professorship that Tesman has worked hard for, Hedda still manipulates him to go out drinking (he is a recovering alcoholic) with her husband and his friends. He does so, loses his manuscript for his "great sequel" to his previous work. Tesman discovers it, and Hedda, instead of returning it, convinces Lovborg to commit suicide (giving him her own gun), and then burns the manuscript. When her complicity in his suicide is discovered, she kills herself.
Hedda has a tremendous capacity for imagination, and is perhaps one of the great solipsists of drama, alongside her princely Danish friend. Like Hamlet, she is an aesthete; he view of the world is a drama in itself, and that drama is one which is proleptic to the play which we read as Hedda Gabler, until the two converge at her suicide. Her love for Lovborg is one which is artistic, beautiful, and his death in the brothel shatters her warmly amorous conception of him, shatters the illusion of him in her eyes, and reveals to her the very real world around her: the broken pieces left behind of her beautiful design. Like Hamlet, Hedda's design is perfect, but only as it adheres to her own internal (and flawed) logic, and therefore it is incompatible to the real world. Though ultimately her goals are achieved, the effects escape her, they are not as she planned, and her design has failed her.
Want to read
May 12, 2021Peer Gynt
--------
Well-deserving its esteemed place in the history of literature, theater, and art. Gynt is not a fable of the Ubermensch brought low by chance and happenstance, but something far more radical and absolutely modern: a revelation of the abyssal illusion that divides every man from himself. One can no more overstep illusion to attain the integral man than one can tear the man from his prized illusion. Ignorance, folly, and hubris ensure that whether a man does what he is or is what he does, the tragic reckoning will have the last laugh, belated comprehension dawning in your own death grin.
--------
A Doll's House
-----------
As compact and fiery as a moral meteor raining doom upon the dinosaurs of provincialism. Nora is close kin to Antigone: all that remains of the false promises of happiness is dying on your own terms.
-----------
Ghosts
A specter is haunting, well, everybody. Some are just more at home with the lifeless, others would rather die than stay home. And still others have lived a lie for so long that the truth literally kills.
-----------
The Wild Duck
Idealists are THE WORST. Telling the truth is a good way to a bad end.
-----------
--------
Well-deserving its esteemed place in the history of literature, theater, and art. Gynt is not a fable of the Ubermensch brought low by chance and happenstance, but something far more radical and absolutely modern: a revelation of the abyssal illusion that divides every man from himself. One can no more overstep illusion to attain the integral man than one can tear the man from his prized illusion. Ignorance, folly, and hubris ensure that whether a man does what he is or is what he does, the tragic reckoning will have the last laugh, belated comprehension dawning in your own death grin.
--------
A Doll's House
-----------
As compact and fiery as a moral meteor raining doom upon the dinosaurs of provincialism. Nora is close kin to Antigone: all that remains of the false promises of happiness is dying on your own terms.
-----------
Ghosts
A specter is haunting, well, everybody. Some are just more at home with the lifeless, others would rather die than stay home. And still others have lived a lie for so long that the truth literally kills.
-----------
The Wild Duck
Idealists are THE WORST. Telling the truth is a good way to a bad end.
-----------
February 8, 2023
As a young adult, James Joyce wrote a review praising Ibsen's work and the playwright was so pleased with Joyce's critique that he wrote a letter to the editor of that publication. Joyce, in turn, was so taken with Ibsen's attention that he taught himself enough Dano-Norwegian to write a thank you letter in Ibsen's native language. That's one of the anecdotes that let me to re-read the six plays in this collection.
November 25, 2008
A major 19th century Norwegian playwright known for his exploration of morality, conformity, and alienation. My personal favorite (“A Doll’s House”) is a critique of women’s rights, and was quite progressive and controversial for its time.
May 24, 2025
Given five stars for its historical significance. Did not particularly like every story.
Plays of Norway's Classic Playwright, written between roughly 1849 to his death in 1906. These can only be read through the lens of history. He was one of the few playwrights to explore the role of women in story/literature, experiment with it, but overwhelmingly these plays question the politics/culture of the time.
Plays of Norway's Classic Playwright, written between roughly 1849 to his death in 1906. These can only be read through the lens of history. He was one of the few playwrights to explore the role of women in story/literature, experiment with it, but overwhelmingly these plays question the politics/culture of the time.
August 8, 2008
I had to read Hedda Gabler and The Wild Duck for class, but picked up the rest on my own. After becoming familiar with his work, it is easy to appreciate his talent for portraying psychological turmoil. Ibsen creates rich characters with intricate relationships and motivations for their actions. I wish I could write about certain specifics, but it's been too long since I've finished this volume. It's definitely worth reading if you enjoy psychological drama or are studying dramatic literature.
May 1, 2007
آثار نمایشی هنریک ایبسن مانند زندگی اش پر از فراز و نشیب اند. برخی منتقدان او را به راستی ستوده اند و برخی هرگز آثارش را نپسندیدند. ایبسن به معنایی که دکتر امیر حسین آریانپور در کتاب "ایبسن آشوب گرای" نوشته، چه در زندگی و چه در آثارش یک آنارشیست جلوه می کند. با وجودی که گفته اند از شکسپیر به این سو دوران تراژدی بسر آمده، برخی از منتقدان بر این اعتقاداند که ایبسن تنها نمایش نامه نویسی ست که برخی از آثارش مانند اشباح و هداگابلر به تراژدی به معنای ارسطویی و شکسپیری آن نزدیک است.
November 1, 2007
I'm not exactly recommending this version of Ibsen, but I couldn't find the particular volume that I read. However, that said Ibsen is a master at building personally anxiety and tragedy. Hedda Gabler is a masterpiece, but check out the Lady of the Sea. It's got a very different tone and written in an almost hopeful tone, which is refreshing after so much wonderful misery.
March 27, 2011
I love Ibsen with every bit of my soul. I used to think that plays aren't meant to be read, but wanted to read Ghosts, after visiting the Ibsen museum in Oslo. I fell in love with it. All of them are better than TV!
January 13, 2014
I hadn't read any Ibsen since college, but he hasn't lost his amazingly direct and tragic Norwegian touch. Hedda Gabler is my favorite, but A Doll's House and Ghosts aren't far behind. And The Master Builder! Honestly, you can't go wrong with Ibsen...
Read
May 15, 2008839.822
Read
September 14, 2009Six Plays by Henrik Ibsen (Barnes & Noble Classics Series) (B&N Classics Trade Paper) by Henrik Ibsen (2003)
July 10, 2011
I hadn't read Ibsen since college (I'm now 60 yrs. old). Had forgotten how humorous he is and impressed that the political points still resonate today.
January 4, 2014
I love Ibsen. A wonderful playwright.
June 30, 2014
Norwegian Ibsen was the founder of Modernism in theater. I found his plays very interesting and relevant no matter where the location or the era.
Displaying 1 - 15 of 15 reviews