No one is born a “Celt” and there is no “Celtic” ethnicity. The 6 Celtic nations today represent what was once a pan-European linguistic continuity that existed from Iberia to Asia Minor. For hundreds of years there have been concerted efforts by successive British and French governments to eradicate the Celtic languages. Against seemingly impossible odds they have survived.
The book is quite out of date (pre-Good Friday Agreement, pre-Senedd and Scottish Parliament, pre-SWF) but gives a good historical overview of how populations have changed from significantly monoglot to in some cases barely holding on. For example, the number of Manx speakers plummeted from 12,350 in 1874 to 896 in 1921. I enjoyed Ellis’s dissection of internalised and imposed “othering” towards community languages such as in Scotland the “Highlands” being seen as Gaelic speaking only where the “Lowlands” are perceived as Scots/English speaking only. The myth is exploded where evidence shows Fife and Galloway had Gaelic speakers until relatively recently in the language’s history (similarly the south Wales valleys have developed an image of being English speaking only but Aberdare and Merthyr Tydfil were majority Welsh speaking well within the 20th century). The book goes on to detail the overwhelming contribution of the Celtic diaspora although save for a few small communities have become linguistically assimilated.
I'm perpetually nervous about the future of Welsh and the decline in Y Fro but since the publication of the book there are some crumbs of hope - Manx and Cornish are now officially recognised and are growing, Scots Gaelic has an impressive TV channel, the number of Welsh speakers has increased in Glamorgan and Gwent, Irish is an official EU language and Breton is supported by public funding. Ellis’s political feelings are evident at the end and I share his view that a globalised homogenised beige future of “unity through uniformity” would be a tragic one for human culture. An interesting read and a powerful rallying cry for pan-Celtic co-operation and linguistic revival but it doesn't form a coherent manifesto of how to achieve these aims.
"Cenedl heb iaith, cenedl heb galon"