The academic George Levine once wrote an article describing how he had taken three months off from university teaching to read, in hermit-like isolation, Thomas Pynchon’s magnum opus, Gravity’s Rainbow. By which calculus five hundred novels – if reading as conscientious as Prof. Levine’s lay behind them – would require a hundred or so years in the hermit’s cave. Nonsense, of course. Most novels require hours, not months. Pynchon, though, is something else. Even his shortest novel, The Crying of Lot 49, is – to use the favoured euphemism – ‘challenging’ (i.e. like eating brazils without a nutcracker). What the notoriously incommunicative Pynchon is on about in his fiction is the stuff of 1,001 doctoral dissertations and pandemoniac conferences. But it’s generally agreed that somewhere in the engine room of his novels are two energy sources: paranoia and entropy.
Paranoia is a wonderfully creative mental disorder. Everything, for the paranoiac, is narrative. A glance from a stranger indicates the CIA are hot on your trail. In Woolf’s Mrs Dalloway the shell-shocked paranoiac Septimus Smith believes the pigeons in Regent’s Park are talking to him (in Greek). In her paranoid state, Muriel Spark believed that T. S. Eliot was sending her messages in his verse plays. He gravely wrote to reassure her that he wasn’t.
Entropy, energy loss, is something else. When you start, say, a novel it winds down (losing energy) to its final page, like a pre-digital watch. Everything tends inexorably towards terminal equilibrium. Everything, put another way, breaks down. The entropic idea was popularised by Henry Adams and reformulated in a book influential on Thomas Pynchon, Norbert Wiener’s book on cybernetics and society, The Human Use of Human Beings. What can rewind the clock? Paranoia. But paranoia is ultrafictional. Madness. At the beginning of Gravity’s Rainbow, set in London in 1944, the hero is convinced that V2 rockets fall wherever and whenever he has an erection. Makes perfect sense. If you’re paranoid. Pynchon laid out his cards in his early short story ‘Entropy’, first published in the Kenyon Review in 1960, and republished (after he became world famous) in 1984 in a collection called, self-disparagingly, Slow Learner. The story opens with an epigraph from Henry Miller, ‘The Weather will not Change.’ Paradoxically breaking weather – breaking everything (‘disequilibrium’) – will be the theme of the story.
In Manhattan, Meatball Mulligan is having a ‘lease breaking party’ fuelled by a plentiful intake of booze and dope. It is early February, and the weather is breaking. The party is in its fortieth hour and breaking up. Sandor Rojas – Hungarian freedom fighter and refugee virtuoso of Don Juanism, a serial heart-breaker – is one of the more prominent guests. A musical group, the Duke di Angelis Quartet, is also in attendance. The musical among the company discuss such topics as whether the Gerry Mulligan/Chet Baker quartet’s dispensing with the piano is a breakthrough, or just a broken concept. A neighbour, Saul, who has just had an argument with his wife Miriam, breaks in through the window. Their argument, improbably, was about communication systems (another of Pynchon’s hobbyhorses) and the ‘disorganising’ impacts of ‘noise’ (things coming in through windows) on circuits, breaking them down. It’s ‘sort of wet out’, Saul reports.
The party breaks up into chaos. Five sailors, on liberty leave, break in thinking the apartment is a ‘hoorhouse’. A fight ensues. The refrigerator breaks down. Meatball contrives, temporarily, to cool things down. But the party will never return to what it was forty hours earlier – disequilibrium decrees that. Meanwhile, upstairs, a Princetonian graduate called Callisto has created what he fondly hopes is a ‘closed system’ – a hermetically sealed apartment, with his partner Aubade (‘daybreak’). He clutches a dying bird to his chest, in the hope that ‘heat transfer’ will bring it back to life. It dies. Callisto breaks a window, and the inside and outside temperatures equalise at thirty-seven degrees (coincidentally the temperature of human blood in a living organism). The story ends. Or, put another way, having broken up, it winds down.