Prison notebooks - Gramsci

by Antonio Gramsci

Antonio Francesco Gramsci (1891 — 1937) was an Italian Marxist philosopher, journalist, literary critic, linguist, historian, and politician. He wrote extensively on political theory, sociology, anthropology, history, and linguistics. Gramsci was elected as a deputy for the Italian Communist Party and spent eight years in prison under Mussolini's orders.
From the period of his imprisonment, two important works "Prison Notebooks" and "Prison Letters," containing messages written to relatives or friends, which were later compiled for publication. The prison letters of Antonio Gramsci constitute a valuable key to understanding his thought. They also reveal the man Antonio Gramsci, with his doubts and certainties, fears, and suffering due to the forced distance from his family.

556 pages, Kindle Edition

Published March 14, 2024

About the author

Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. A vocal critic of Benito Mussolini and fascism, he was imprisoned in 1926, where he remained until his death in 1937.

During his imprisonment, Gramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th-century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources — not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel, and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including the history of Italy and Italian nationalism, the French Revolution, fascism, Taylorism and Fordism, civil society, the state, historical materialism, folklore, religion, and high and popular culture.
Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class — the bourgeoisie — use cultural institutions to maintain wealth and power in capitalist societies. In Gramsci's view, the bourgeoisie develops a hegemonic culture using ideology rather than violence, economic force, or coercion. He also attempted to break from the economic determinism of orthodox Marxist thought, and so is sometimes described as a neo-Marxist. He held a humanistic understanding of Marxism, seeing it as a philosophy of praxis and an absolute historicism that transcends traditional materialism and traditional idealism.