Niccolo Machiavelli has long been a fascination for governmental and military leaders. Often quoted in many sectors, from government to business to everyday personal interactions, Machiavelli thought deeply about power and how to gain and maintain it. His writings continue to contribute to the modern discourse about the nature and purpose of political and military power. The purpose of this paper is to examine his writings to discuss his ideas which remain valuable to leaders and scholars alike today and the impact it has had on the craft and art of war.
James Hutton FRSE was a Scottish geologist, physician, chemical manufacturer, naturalist, and experimental agriculturalist. He originated the theory of uniformitarianism — a fundamental principle of geology — that explains the features of the Earth's crust by means of natural processes over geologic time. Hutton's work established geology as a science, and as a result he is referred to as the "Father of Modern Geology".