I went back to the remainder pile after walking a block down the road. This book was 50% off and I was vaguely interested in how people dodge tax. And I thought that this was what the book was all about. And, indeed it is. In a way, it’s all rather depressing. The “Anonymous” author makes the point that the tax laws are so complex that nobody understands them. But they are framed in such a way as to advantage the already wealthy. If you are an ordinary worker...you will have to pay every penny of tax but if you are one of the 7,000 people in the top 0.001% of the population in terms of wealth. Then you don’t need to pay any tax.
He has a throw-away line in there where he says that over a lifetime “About half your wealth will disappear as tax”. And the really disturbing thing is that most of the loopholes are blatantly obvious and people are not breaking the law by using them.
He writes very well...and amusingly. Certainly got me in......and that’s no mean feat to write an entertaining and interesting book about tax.
I have an English, accountant friend, who lives and works in Australia and I’m wondering if he has read it yet because I think he would be interested. ...The author spent some time in Australia and has a number of examples of Australian practice.
One of the take-aways is that it seems most of the tax rorts are enabled by treating companies differently to individuals when it comes to tax. And if I understand the author correctly, he is suggesting that this should be changed so that it’s no longer advantageous for your wholly owned company in Jersey to purchase a house (or car, or school fees) and then allow you to use it or rent it or take out a loan. ...But maybe I need to re-read his ideas on this.
Here are a few snippets that caught my attention as I was reading:
“This is what unsettled me when I saw the light-hearted sketch of the accountant who rebels with a bit of clandestine rounding - out there in the real world, accountants are cheating the system to ensure that their clients, people with serious money, are paying a lot less tax than they should be. And as a consequence of these rebel accountants, not only are schools and hospitals and roads and the rest receiving a lot less money, but you are paying a lot more tax than you need to be. That's not quite as funny.
Except the maddening thing is that most accountants don't even need to be rebels. Most of the time the rules don't need circumventing or manipulating, because the rules have been written under the guidance of those people with very serious money.
About half your wealth will disappear as tax over the course of your life - a little less if you're Australian or American, a little more if you're European. You'll probably spend more on tax than you will on all the homes you'll live in, the cars you'll drive and the food you'll eat combined, but I'll bet you find it easier to read a nutrition label than the deductions coming out of your payslip. I bet you know more about whether a neighbourhood is a nice one to live in than you are able to figure out how much tax you'll pay to live there.
You're not meant to know about tax. It's kept complex for a reason.
Ifyou knew what was really going on, you'd be the one who would want to rebel. If you understood that you were paying perhaps four times the tax rate of multi-millionaires, and more in absolute terms than some billionaires, would you stand for it?
This means that if you earned £20,000 a year renting out your Hong Kong apartment, you would have to pay UK tax on that rent, but if you earned £2,000,000 a year renting out an entire Hong Kong apartment block you would just hand over a £30,000 fee each year to pay no UK tax at all (which is a bargain, when the tax on the income from that apartment block would have been around €900,000 per year).
This is the kind of thing I mean when I say that our tax laws are
specifically designed to reward the wealthy.
Now imagine you'd inherited a huge amount of (mostly offshore) wealth. Actually I don't quite mean that. I mean you didn't inherit the wealth, but an offshore trust did of which you are a named beneficiary.
Were you just a normal Brit without an offshore trust you would declare your worldwide income on your tax return and find yourself with a tax bill that took away almost half your income.
How beastly.
To avoid this frightful state of affairs you could make a visit to
someone like Wilhelm.
If you join the 1 per cent you might have a slightly bigger house in a smarter neighbourhood You might have a nanny and send your kids to private school, but fundamentally your day-to-day won't be much different than if you're in the top 50 per cent. But get into the top 0.01 per cent and normal everyday chores evaporate. I knew one client who paid €4,000 a week for a concierge service, which she only used for booking restaurants and, on one occasion, ordering some new towels (because she didn't know how else to buy towels).
The top 0.01 per cent doesn't trip off the tongue so well, but there are still a good six or seven thousand people in this 0.01 per cent in the UK alone. That's a lot of potential clients.
But the one big capital purchase we're all likely to make in our lives that actually loses money - our car - is exempt from capital gains tax...... So if you buy a car to, you know, drive it, the car will lose its value and you get no benefit from that loss. But if you buy a car as an investment, and stick it in your climate-controlled garage alongside your McLaren F1 ($19.8 million) or Ferrari 250 ($78 million) or 1955 Mercedes Benz 300 SLR Coupe (a record-breaking €135 million), you can sell it at a profit and not pay any tax at all.
One of the easiest ways for the really ridiculously wealthy to avoid paying taxes is to use the wealth they already have as collateral and borrow money instead.
Elon Musk, for instance, is said to have never accepted a pay cheque from Tesla - though he was offered minimum wage (for legal reasons.
And yet, he's still doing all right. If he finds himself needing a bit of cash, he can borrow it. Borrowing money doesn't make you richer - you still owe the bank, after all - but it does mean that you now have cash in your pocket, and still own all your Tesla shares.
You read that right. Elon can get cash to buy things without earning anything at all. And where there are no earnings, there's no tax.
The "Die" part of "Buy, Borrow, Die" goes like this: when a billionaire dies, the borrowed money reduces their taxable estate, so their heirs pay less tax too (though also inherit less). But their heirs also inherit the, say, Tesla shares, without inheriting the "unrealised gain". This means that all that tax that was not paid by Elon or Jeff or whoever will never be paid.
One of the reasons I did this was that I'd met a girl called Sasha at a nightclub called Infernos and we had started dating. I had told her I worked in chemicals, she said she worked in films. About four dates in I confessed I did tax returns for companies in the chemical industry, and she confessed she was about to complete a training contract at one of the Big 4 accountancy firms, but she "audited a lot of film companies".
In fact, in the ten years since their dressing down by MPs, Starbucks UK has managed to make a net loss of an average £10 million per year.
You would think that such a failing business would be shut down by its shareholders, seeing how catastrophically it's haemorrhaging money.
But in the same time period it has paid out an average £25 million per year in royalty fees (to itself).
The funny thing is, the UK could stop this shifting of profits via royalty payments any time it wanted to, by using something called a withholding tax. A withholding tax is a mechanism that automatically requires a tax payment whenever things like royalties or interest get paid overseas....... I rather admired those countries, like Australia and the USA, that did have one - ifan Australian Starbucks tried to pay a royalty fee to a Dutch Starbucks, the Australian Taxation Office could say, "That's fine, mate, but pay some tax on that fee" and consequently it makes less sense to shift Australian profits offshore as they get taxed when they leave.
I peered through the narrow strip of glass in the door to the conference room, at the growling bear pit of management consultants.....These were people who thrived on competition, on one-upmanship, on showcasing their intelligence. They were all well-dressed and confident, and ready to pounce on weakness.
I needed to look like I was gliding along, a serene swan in the deep end of a bear pit. The class started in five minutes.
I vomited.
In other words, if you bought one of the flats on a lower floor, say for amere €100 million, and sold it for €120 million to another Brit, who then died, a total of over £80 million would be paid to the taxman.
+
I'm not saying that I agree that these taxes should be this high, or that Idisagree with them (though they are a slight rebuke to peoplewho say we don't tax property enough). Instead, this is the bit that blows my mind.
As the flats were purchased by foreign investors, using offshore companies (or, even better, multiple offshore companies), in reality the total tax payable would be the original stamp tax only - so €15 million, rather than £80 million. This suggests that in just one block of flats in London the government may have lost out on hundreds of millions in avoided taxes.
Just one block!
Politicians can't write the rules themselves, so they get accountants to help. But it's in the interest of both the accountants and the government to keep everything complicated. The accountants keep their fees (and their loopholes) and the politicians get to keep their donations from special-interest groups and to keep raising taxes without the electorate understanding what they're doing.”
So what’s my overall take on the book. I really liked it and enjoyed reading it. Though admit that, like the author, I was slightly depressed by the unfairness he points to in the tax system, Admittedly, it’s mainly about the British tax system, but most of the rorts described are also employed in Australia. I think it should be getting more attention than being in the remainder basket at the bookshop. Five stars from me.