Over any investigation of medieval European political theory hangs the renaissance. European history and philosophy areconventionally divided into classical, medieval and modern, and the renaissance marks the significant transition between medieval and modern; even though most modern European nation states trace their origins to the early medieval era. Such a conceptualisation, however, makes much less sense for the rest of the world. So this book aims to set out a conceptualisation forwest Asia, based on cultural changes mainly associated with large scale movements of people. With an initial chapter on its ancient foundations, much of which relates to the Old Testament of the Bible, subsequent layers in many ways demonstrate the continuity of the islamic traditions that remain relevant. With a particular focus on Persia, that as well as being geographically at its centre, also provides an influential cultural focus. Including the Islamic Republic of Iran.