Antonio Francesco Gramsci was an Italian Marxist philosopher, linguist, journalist, writer, and politician. He wrote on philosophy, political theory, sociology, history, and linguistics. He was a founding member and one-time leader of the Italian Communist Party. A vocal critic of Benito Mussolini and fascism, he was imprisoned in 1926, where he remained until his death in 1937.
During his imprisonment, Gramsci wrote more than 30 notebooks and 3,000 pages of history and analysis. His Prison Notebooks are considered a highly original contribution to 20th-century political theory. Gramsci drew insights from varying sources — not only other Marxists but also thinkers such as Niccolò Machiavelli, Vilfredo Pareto, Georges Sorel, and Benedetto Croce. The notebooks cover a wide range of topics, including the history of Italy and Italian nationalism, the French Revolution, fascism, Taylorism and Fordism, civil society, the state, historical materialism, folklore, religion, and high and popular culture. Gramsci is best known for his theory of cultural hegemony, which describes how the state and ruling capitalist class — the bourgeoisie — use cultural institutions to maintain wealth and power in capitalist societies. In Gramsci's view, the bourgeoisie develops a hegemonic culture using ideology rather than violence, economic force, or coercion. He also attempted to break from the economic determinism of orthodox Marxist thought, and so is sometimes described as a neo-Marxist. He held a humanistic understanding of Marxism, seeing it as a philosophy of praxis and an absolute historicism that transcends traditional materialism and traditional idealism.
Lecture assez décevante. La préface essaie de recontextualiser Gramsci et elle fonctionne plutôt bien, et les éditeurs ont également ajouté un contexte avant chaque extrait de texte, mais ça ne suffit pas pour mon petit cerveau étriqué; les textes de Gramsci sont incompréhensible. C'est peut-être car c'est la première fois que je lis Gramsci et que j'aurais dû commencer par une introduction en bonne et due forme, mais je conseille quand même à toute personne voulant lire ce livre d'avoir un minimum de connaissances sur lui.
Une très bonne introduction à Gramsci et à son concept, souvent mal compris, d'hégémonie culturelle. Complète bien ses lettres de prison que j'avais lues. On va essayer d'attaquer les Carnets cette année (en italien de préférence)🙏🏻.