Dear Readers,
Today is release day for AT THE FOUNT OF CREATION, and I am thrilled to have had the opportunity to complete this story, which started with IN THE SHADOW OF THE FALL. My heartfelt thanks to you for coming on this journey with me. Below is a little appendix for the curious, which elaborates on the nature of Orisha and griots and the creative liberties I took in representing them in the duology.
****
Authors Note
ORISHA
The orisha are Yoruba gods. Yoruba tradition says that there are 400 + 1 orisha, which is associated with a sacred number. 400 + 1 is akin to the English phrase “a thousand and one”, which basically means, countless. Some say there are as many orisha as there are grains of sand on a beach.
In Yoruba culture, as in Catholicism, it is possible for mortals to be deified/canonized. A prime example of this is Shango, the god of thunder and fire and lightning, who was the fourth ruler of Oyo and so powerful he became a god upon his death and departure from the physical realm. As a matter of fact the religion Candomblé and Santeria developed in this manner, with the syncretization of Yoruba beliefs and Roman Catholic elements by slaves who had to practice their religion in the face of oppression.
While I have made use of these real-world deities, I do not always represent them in a true sense, rather I have taken great creative liberties in their representation to better serve the story, as you will see. I have also created original orisha of my own, giving them necessary powers and characteristics as the story demands. It is important to note that orisha worship is still very much practiced in modern day Nigeria as well as Brazil, Cuba and some other Latin American countries (transplanted by slaves) and therefore has not wholly become mythology as in the case of Greek and Norse gods. It is my hope that these books encourage you to seek out actual texts and sources who represent these orisha without the color of creative license.
To that end, I will offer a brief description of the orisha featured in my books, including those who I have created.
Real Deities
Olodumare: Supreme Being
Olodumare is the lord of all. The Supreme Being, and Creator of the world. All the orisha are his children, each of them representing one aspect of him, and ruling over a select portion of creation. I say “him,” but in reality Olodumare is a gender-neutral deity. Neither male nor female. This makes sense, as all gods who are either male or female spring forth from Olodumare and represent various aspects of his existence. I should also note that there are no gendered pronouns in the Yoruba language, and therefore when Olodumare is refered to, it is neither as male nor female. However, for the purposes of my story, I chose to ascribe masculinity to Olodumare, calling him the Supreme Father.
Shango: God of Thunder and Fire and Lightning
Perhaps the most popular of the orisha, Shango rules over lightning, thunder, fire, the drums and dance. He is a warrior orisha with quick wits, an even quicker temper, and he is the epitomy of virility. He is an extremely hot blooded and strong-willed orisha that loves all the pleasures of the world: dance, drumming, women, song and eating. It is said that when one sees the quickness with which lightning makes short work of a tree or the speed with which a fire consumes a vast field, one has witnessed the temper of Shango in action. His colors are red and white and he recognises himself in the numbers four and six. He is most often represented by a double headed axe.
Ogun: God of War and Metalworking
Ogun is a powerful orisha of metalworking. He is also a powerful warrior. He is the patron deity of hunters and blacksmiths and warriors and all who use metal in their occupations. He is also the orisha of rum and rum-making. The Yoruba believe Ogun to be fearsome and terrible in his revenge and for anyone who breaks a pact made in his name, swift retribution will follow. As witnesses are asked to swear upon the Bible in Western courts, in parts of Nigeria to date the worshippers of Ogun choose to swear upon a cutlass before they testify in court. In my books, I have made him the brother to Shango.
Yemoja: orisha of seas and fertility
Yemoja is the orisha of the seas and lakes where she dwells. She dresses herself in seven skirts of blue and white and like the seas and profound lakes she is deep and unknowable. Yemoja is also the orisha of fertility and maternity as she is the Mother of All. Her name, a shortened version of Yeyé Omo Eja means "Mother Whose Children are the Fish" to reflect the fact that her children are as uncountable as the fish in the sea. To that end, in my books I have made her not only the mother of all orisha, but the mother of all living beings.
Oya
Oya is the ruler of the winds, the whirlwind that uproots even mountains. She was the wife of the Shango and like her husband is a fierce warrior who rides to war, sharing lightning and fire with him.
Eshu
Eshu Elegba (also referred to Eleggua or Elegguá) is the owner of all roads and doors. He is the repository of ashe, which is the diving energy that animates all things. The colors red and black or white and black are his and codify his contradictory nature. In particular, Elegba stands at the crossroads of the human and the divine, as he is messenger between the two worlds. Nothing can be done in either world without his permission. Elegba is always propitiated and always called first before any other orisha as he opens the door between the worlds and opens our roads in life. This is why, at the very beginning of In the Shadow of the Fall, Ashâke attempts to summon him, to deliver her message to the orisha. Eshu represents chaos and uncertainty, and can often be seen wreaking havoc for the simple fact that he enjoys it. This led to early Christian missionaries to take him for the devil, and to this day the word “Eshu” in the Yoruba language is taken to mean “Satan”. But it is important to note that he is not, in fact, an analogue for the devil. I’ve embellished Eshu’s appearance in my books, ascribing features he does not possess in the real world: He has two faces, with the first one having ruined eyes and lips sewn shut with copper threads.
Shopona: God of Smallpox
Shopona is the god of smallpox, but for the purposes of story I have rendered him the god of all diseases and maladies. The priests of Shopona discovered early on the infectiousness of the dried pox scrapings from the infected and would often infect people who earned their displeasure with these. So feared was this god and his priests that his name was never invoked in conversation, and he was referred to instead by various pseudonyms.
Story Deities
Arewa: God of beauty, wine and debauchery
The Yoruba do not have a god of beauty, and so I created one. “Ewa” means beauty in Yoruba, and “arewa”, attractive. One can liken him to the self-loving, self-obsessed Greek god Narcissus. In the story, he provides a much-needed counterpoint to Yemoja’s seriousness.
Afonja: Lord of trolls, stone men and other denizens of the deep forest.
The Yoruba believe that the deep forest is a place alive with all manner of supernatural things. I created Afonja to reflect this idea.
Koriko:
Korika the goddess of trees and everything that has roots. She is the goddess of herbalists and medicine men. Trees are one of the oldest things that exist in this world and she controls them.
GRIOTS
A griot is a West African historian, storyteller, praise singer, poet, and/or musician. West African history before interruption by colonizing forces was largely oral, and griots were trained to remember events long into past. They had numerous memory tricks to help them recall such vast histories—repetition, but most importantly through song.
Historically griots only form an endogamous group, which means they marry each other and pass on the storytelling tradition down the line. All kings had griots who served as record keepers and praise singers, and all griots had kings. The relationship is a symbiotic one. Most villages also had their griots, who could relate a series of topics, including births, deaths, marriages, etc. Because of the respect and reverence accorded griots, warring parties often did not attack them, which made them a useful mediator in wartime. You could also find griots at weddings, singing the praises of the groom and bride, accompanied by their instruments.
I’ve taken real world griots and made them even more fantastical in my story. Yes, they tell stories and recall history, but they do so in such a way that literally transports the listener into the event. The close-knit relationship between griot families remains. But the griots in these books differ from their real-world counterparts in fundamental ways: Anyone can become a griot. They welcome outsiders and outcasts. Because they don’t belong to any one kingdom or king, but are rather a clan of roving nomads offering their services to people, they welcome anyone to join them. Therefore a “griot” is an identity that can be assumed, as surely as one can naturalize to become a citizen of another country. But within these griot clans are Singers, those blessed with the gift of Singing, who in their recounting of history transport the listener into a replay of events. The outsiders, of course, do not possess this gift, and therefore cannot Sing, but that does not make them any less of a griot.