Now then Coyote tore open the water.
To be sure it broke through,
the water broke through.
Now then Coyote ran in flight.
The water went,
all the salmon went out,
all sorts of things.
Now then Coyote said,
"You are not to be keeping the water!
"Everyone will drink,
"They will not buy it.
"You must not be keeping the water:
"You will be bull frogs,
"You will live on the river bank,
"That is to be your place.
"But you must never keep the water.
"You are to inhabit the river bank."
Tales of Coyote have a long and storied tradition among native peoples. Rather than a culture hero in the conventional sense, his nature is mixed - he is both transformer and trickster. His foibles make him all too human, just as coyotes in the wild seem to evince a wily human-like intelligence. Among communities in Oregon like the Wasco of the Columbia River, coyote stories set in the modern world are used to satirize or hold off encroachment of the Anglo world.
The desert is a place of death and rebirth, of the cycle of eons, of geologic time. Fossils and flow lines in dry desert rock remind that the deserts were once wet and ringed by tall forests. The deserts warn of what might come to be. The UN recently warned that climate change threatens the world's food supply. Some forecasts paint a picture of vast swaths of North America transformed into desert land.
In 1979, Kate Wilhelm imagined such a world: A world of drought and famine; of hotter dryer summers mirrored by brutal winters that fell trees weakened by drought and pine beetle and blow away bare topsoil; of dwindling water resources and the disappearance of water-intensive irrigation crops like corn; of stringent rationing and climate refugee camps housing hundreds of thousands, rife with the rage and violence of jobless, hungry masses. A world going through the four stages of people in the throes of unendurable stress: Anger, stoicism, apathy, and finally insanity and rampages.
JUNIPER TIME was the product of a nascent eco-consciousness awakened by tracts like Rachel Carson's SILENT SPRING and James Lovelock's GAIA. The earth was viewed as a self-regulating organism that would right itself given enough time: Humanity struggles to conquer nature, and occasionally the fight waxes in our favor, but ultimately we are governed by the grand cycle of nature; our victories are but a blip in the grand scheme, and we must ultimately submit to it, revert back to the old ways. So the thinking went. We've learned in recent years that the cycle is even more fragile than we realized and at risk of permanent disruption.
Now as then, humanity is caught between two poles: The earth and the heavens. Day-to-day survival vs dreams and aspirations. Wilhelm's story serves as a fable examining this balancing act.
Kate and Arthur are children of the pioneers who launched the world's first space station. Arthur chases after the dream of using the space station as a launching pad to send humanity into space, while Kate repudiates that legacy and seeks refuge from the chaos engulfing the world in the isolation of the desert and the traditions of the Wasco natives of Oregon. Their narrative arcs diverge in youth and eventually converge again, in the process evoking various themes: Resignation vs struggle in the face of impossible odds, both individual and collective. The masculine tendency towards violence and destruction and the feminine towards harmony and creation. The space station as not only the ultimate achievement of mankind but as a microcosm and proving ground of international politics and the fate of the global order.
In THE DAY THE EARTH STOOD STILL, an alien famously visits earth to warn humanity of its impending doom, stirring the warring nations of earth to unity and peace. It's a beautiful and timeless story that still rings true, but it's also somewhat corny and unrealistic. A fairy tale, a cop-out, a literal deus ex machina. The sad thing is that, yes, that's probably what it would take, but it'll never happen. JUNIPER TIME essentially reworks this story into a form more suited to our modern times of realism and cynicism. What if the alien message was fake, but only you knew that? That is the position into which our protagonist is thrust.
Tasked with translating what purports to be an alien message, Jean perpetrates the biggest lie of all time. Lied to and manipulated all her life, she turns the tables and becomes the manipulator, this time using words to deceive humanity for its own good. Jean's journey to this point mirrors humanity's journey through the four stages outlined above - from complicity in the system working as a linguist for the military, to becoming a victim of that system, then an exile, and finally, ironically, the key to saving the world she abandoned. At the end of her journey, Jean traverses the desert, that land of illusion and transformation, and becomes Coyote the trickster.
Kate Wilhelm herself is Coyote - tricking the reader into believing the alien message gimmick before turning the tables on us with a tsk, tsk. What starts out like a typical sci-fi adventure about a space station turns into something much more unglamorous and grounded and personal, upending Pavlovian genre expectations. The book is layers of delicious trickery thick, at the service of warning us about our credulity.
The book was also, of course, prescient about the existential climate threat we now face, not to mention predicting the ISS by 20 years. It even seems to have exerted its own modest influence on the genre - the alien linguist in Arrival seems clearly inspired by Kate. In sum, although the large cast of characters can sometimes be a jumble, this was a layered and thoughtful book with a pleasingly feminist bent that was fairly successful at bringing together a rather grandiose plot, in the process conveying a number of interesting and ever more relevant ideas in an entertaining package.
As the oak senses the water table dropping, it sends its roots deeper and deeper. The Wasco, facing the end, rather than put themselves into the hands of the refugee camps, decide to take control of their own destiny. They scatter to the four winds and seep back into the natural world. No more sweet potatoes and turnips; now it's back to sweet camas root and sunflower root. No more irrigation, no more wheat; back to acorn flour. The message is more urgent than ever: "We have to learn it all over; we've forgotten so much."