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The Nature of Training: Complexity Science Applied to Endurance Performance

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Until now, sport training has been more witchcraft than science. Traditional coaching is based on copying recipes written in old books, with little science and more answers than questions.

Traditional physiology, also marked by reductionism and the idea that the organism works like a machine, gives us incomplete and unsatisfactory answers that are inadequate when we leave the theoretical world to go to the real world.

In this book, we approach the world of training from the perspective of Complex Systems, which will offer us a new vision of the world, health and organisms.

In this book, you will learn the most important principles to understand the
- How complex adaptive systems work.
- How we adapt to exercise.
- What stimuli we should apply.
- Real determinants of effort and fatigue.
- Fundamentals of resistance training.

This book was first published in Spanish in August 2022. Since then, it has been the best-selling Sports Training book on Amazon, with a total of over 200 reviews and 4.8 star ratings.

Manuel Sola Arjona, the author, is a cycling coach and former professional cyclist. In addition to writing, he teaches resistance training and complex systems applied to sport.

**************************************************************Reviews:

"A great book for understanding coaching from a unique point of view, explaining it in a way that allows us to understand the complexity of its systems, connections and processes. Essential reading for trainers and the curious".

Kilian Jornet

"A book that over time will gain understanding and applied context. To read, reread and learn from".

Jesús Álvarez-Herms

"It is a book that covers a way of understanding the different forms of life and how organisms adapt to the environment. Every paragraph contains an idea. I don't want to sound exaggerated, but this book is brilliant. In substance and in form."

Adrián Castillo, (Fissac)

"Have you ever thought that most theories were right on some points and wrong on others? If the answer is yes, this book is for you. Manuel Sola, with the excuse of resistance training, has brought together in this magnificent essay the bases that govern the complexity of human physiology in constant connection with the environment".

Pau Oller

"The Nature of Training is an oasis of reality on the fundamentals of performance".

Jan Margarit

Kindle Edition

Published April 24, 2024

80 people are currently reading
233 people want to read

About the author

Manuel Sola Arjona

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Displaying 1 - 15 of 15 reviews
9 reviews
June 7, 2025
A good and interesting read that is heavy on background but ultimately has a message that resonates with me. Introduced a way of thinking about training that I hadn't thought of that can also be applied to so much more in life than just endurance training.
Profile Image for Joshua.
Author 1 book49 followers
October 17, 2025
Bastante interesante, pero demasiado simplifico en algunas formas.

El tema central de ese obra es que la mayoría de los planes de entrenamiento enfoque en las cosas incorrectas. Puede entrenar y entrenar y entrenar y no obtener resultados porque el entrenamiento es un sistema complejo (porque nuestros cuerpos son así). Puede que un plan sea muy bueno, pero ningún plan sobrevive contacto con el enemigo. Necesitamos escuchar más a nuestros cuerpos y menos a estadísticas o otras cosas fijas.

Todo esto tiene mucho sentido. Como ha dicho Gordo Byrn y Alan Couzens y otros, los específicos de un plan no importa mucho. Si cantidad de entrenamiento es importante, pero comparada con el resto de la vida de un atleta, entrenamiento no toma tanto tiempo. Si hay mucho estrés en el resto de nuestras vidas, no vamos a responder positivamente a ningún plan. Cero y punto. Lo es importante es disminuir la cantidad de estrés en nuestras vidas y aumenta la cantidad de ejercicio diario que hacemos.

Sin embargo, hay tres problemas grandes con este libro. El primero es que la mitad no trata de entrenamiento sino de la ciencia de complejidad. No compré este para leer una recapitulación de Taleb con ejemplos sobre el medio ambiente.

Segundo, pienso que Arjona tiene una visita demasiada rosada de nuestras sensaciones como guías. Para un atleta experimentada, estoy completamente de acuerdo, RPE o sensación es la indicación más fiable de que debemos hacer. Pero para atletas inmaduros, marcas externas, como ritmo cardiaco, puede ser de mucho ayuda aprender que es demasiado y que no.

Tercero, lo que más me ha fastidiado, es el enfoque en nuestro entorno evolutivo como pauta de entrenamiento moderno. Tengo dos problemas con esto. Primero, las metas de evolución y las metas de un deportista profesional son muy diferentes. No hay mucho sentido utilizar las primeras como guía para las segundas. Segundo, la evolución (y eso es algo que veo MUY communamente) no significa optimización. Significa bastante para sobrevivir. Nuestras dietas y estilos de vida no eran optimizadas en la edad de piedra. Es posible mejorarlos (y también obviamente empeorarlos) pero no debemos pensar en el estilo de vida de cazadores recolectores como algo de emular directamente.
Profile Image for Pablo.
83 reviews4 followers
August 26, 2025
I've found the book quite interesting overall. As a Systems Engineer myself, I appreciate and support the view of training as a complex system—it makes a lot of sense to me. The book is fairly general at times, while in other chapters it becomes quite technical and math-heavy, which was occasionally hard to follow. In those cases, I decided to focus mainly on the key ideas and conclusions.

The author has a generalist profile, which really resonates with me. He cites Taleb frequently, which I find positive in this context. However, that also comes with the risk of overfitting examples that seem to come up spontaneously. Many of his references to ecosystems, global warming, and the economy make a lot of sense, but some feel oversimplified or a bit far-fetched. For example, he might argue against intervention in complex systems like the global economy, but then suddenly ask, *“how come we buy our main commodities from China?”* These quick references, jumping to conclusions and lacking context, can sound somewhat inconsistent.

Toward the end, some of the tips offered to the reader feel a bit vague and even contradictory. On one hand, we’re told to follow our sensations to decide whether to continue training, but on the other, we’re advised not to abandon our plan (even if that plan involves training more than our body *feels like*). Similarly, we’re encouraged to apply heuristics such as progressing step by step and recalculating based on them, while at the same time being urged to pursue our goals with conviction. I understand the general points of these ideas individually, but I suspect they may be strongly influenced by our habits, personal history, and the many cognitive biases we know we have. The challenge, then, is how to properly and objectively interpret those sensations—which might even be impossible.

That said, I enjoyed the research shared throughout the book, and I really think this is the right direction when it comes to training approaches.
Profile Image for David Almazan.
51 reviews1 follower
August 16, 2023
Este libro ha resultado ser un descubrimiento maravilloso. Nos acerca la ciencia de la complejidad de una manera sencilla pero sin falta de detalles y matices. Tenía miedo de que ahondara demasiado en cuestiones del entrenamiento de resistencia (el cual no me disgusta, pero tampoco me atrae en exceso) pero los aspectos que se tratan son solo a modo de hilo conductor para hablar, en esencia, de los sistemas complejos. Bebe muchísimo de todas las ideas de Taleb, lo cual no me disgusta, pero no me sorprendió en exceso ya que conocía perfectamente estas. Es probablemente uno de los libros que mejor ratio expectativas/sensaciones ha tenido de los últimos tiempos.

Si te llama la atención el mundo de los sistemas complejos, lo recomiendo encarecidamente!!!
Profile Image for Jon Supertramp.
2 reviews
October 19, 2022
La tesis principal la interpreto como la mezcla de antifragil y el deporte.
Recomiendo antes leer a taleb y fitness revolucionario para una mejor comprensión del tema.
Sin duda, me quedo con el capítulo de la psicología deportiva.
Este libro es una visión algo novedosa sobretodo para aquellos lectores que no hayan leído los clásicos ensayos de psicología, economía, estoicismo o los libros de Marcos Vázquez sin ir más lejos.
Un buen libro para entrenadores de resistencia.
25 reviews
October 19, 2025
Integrador. Te saca del mundo de yupi de la pura teoría para empezar a pensar fuera de la caja en lo que es el entrenamiento y el deporte. Como ponerte a trabajar en el mundo real después de terminar la carrera
32 reviews
January 30, 2023
No todo es entrenamiento, en el libro tampoco y, curiosamente, eso lo convierte en un libro sobre el entrenamiento excelente.
3 reviews
July 12, 2023
entretenida lectura

Excelente contenido, para entender q no hay q confiarse al 100% en modelos de entrenamiento rígidos sino lo q importa es las sensaciones y disfrutar del proceso
13 reviews
June 29, 2024
Un libro de entrenamiento que no habla de entrenamiento, hay cosas más importantes!
15 reviews
May 4, 2025
Se trata de ir más allá de recetas que Tte hacen mejorar. Pregúntate lo que subyace tras la fisiología única de cada individuo
Profile Image for Ariana.
4 reviews1 follower
May 7, 2025
‘It is only with the heart that one can see well’

Heerlijk hoe (terugkerende) patronen in de natuur uitgelegd en gelinked worden aan toepassingen in training en sportwetenschap.
Profile Image for Raquel Teijeira.
15 reviews
October 1, 2025
Un libro de 10 con un enfoque acertadísimo del cuerpo humano como el sistema complejo que es. Un básico para cualquier entrenador/a para alejarse de intervenciones reduccionistas.
1 review
May 18, 2024
"The Nature of Training" is a book unlike any other book on training and physical preparation you have read before. It goes far beyond mere training; It is a book for anyone interested in the complexity of the human being, it does not stop only at sports events. It has given me a new approach, as an athlete, as a coach and as a person. Thanks and congratulations to Manu Sola for his magnificent work.
Profile Image for Marcus Goncalves.
828 reviews7 followers
July 6, 2024
Interesting information, but overall a lot of unrelated information (with some broken connections); too dispersed. Maybe it was the translation, as I understand its original, according to the author, was successful… Disappointing.
Displaying 1 - 15 of 15 reviews

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