August 1849, a horrific crime rocked London's Bermondsey district. Investigators found the body of a missing man, Patrick O’Connor, under the paving stones of 3 Minver Place, Bermondsey. The nature of his fatal injuries and the location of his body suggested his manner of death as homicide, and the suspects, Frederick and Maria Manning, soon absconded from London. The crime, the national and transnational searches for the perpetrators, and the ensuing trial form the basis of Dr. Angela Buckley’s treatment of the subject in her book The Bermondsey Murder: Scotland Yard's First Great Challenge and Dickens’ Inspiration. She looks beyond the public furor of the Manning case and sifts through the newspapers of the day to deliver a clear-eyed glimpse at the true story.
The nineteenth century saw a rise in sensational and yellow journalism, the precursor to modern tabloids. Rather than focusing on merely reporting facts, some journalists authored stories with attention-grabbing headlines; fabricated, lurid, and/or exaggerated details; and outrageous claims. Americans imbibed stories about criminals such as H.H. Holmes, Belle Gunness, and Fredericka Mandelbaum. In Great Britain, the likes of Jack the Ripper and Mary Ann Cotton captivated audiences. Each day, readers flocked to learn the latest, and this in turn fed what amounted to a true crime furor.
So, what about the Manning case fascinated 19th-century Londoners? Dr. Buckley writes in her introduction that the Manning case “is a tale of passion, greed and self-interest, with a brutal murder and a desperate race to catch the killers” (introduction). Furthermore, she adds, “the prime suspects were a married couple and, due to Victorian stereotypes and opinions about women, Maria Manning instantly became a ‘femme fatale’.” The fascination generated by the murder kept readers glued to front pages of periodicals such as Lloyd’s Weekly, The Daily News, and The Morning Post, sparking rampant speculation and conversation as the case progressed.
The discovery of his body at 3 Minver Place launched a wide-sweeping investigation. His close association with the Mannings warranted a further look at this couple, particularly Maria. Prim, poised, and pretty, the Swiss-born Maria worked as a domestic servant. Her husband Frederick possessed a checkered past and at one point likely engaged in robbery. Newspapers particularly fixated on the possible nature of O’Connor’s relationship with Maria, demonstrating an all-too familiar tendency to demonize women as sexually voracious and morally corrupt if they stepped outside of their domestic Victorian spheres of propriety and modesty.
The search for the Mannings crossed England's borders. On August 21, less than a week after O’Connor's body was found, police tracked down Maria in Edinburgh and arrested her. Eight days later on August 29, officers, among them two from Scotland Yard, took Frederick Manning into custody on the Isle of Jersey. With the Mannings off the run, they could now be tried for murder.
The ensuing trial rapidly transformed into a cause célèbre. As with the crime and the chase, newspapers ran with the trial, commenting on the couple's appearance and publishing information gleaned from alleged sources. The trial occurred on October 25 and 26, 1849, after which a jury found both guilty of murder. Maria and Frederick Manning lost their lives by hanging at Horsemonger Lane Gaol on November 13, 1849.
Charles Dickens - himself present at the execution and a close follower of the case - was haunted by the act. He immortalized Maria in his book Bleak House as the French maid Hortense, a jealous and arrogant woman who dislikes servitude, a characterization drawn from Maria's demeanor.
Charles Dickens - himself present at the execution and a close follower of the case - was haunted by the act. He immortalized Maria in his book Bleak House as the French maid Hortense, a jealous and arrogant woman who dislikes servitude, a characterization drawn from Maria's demeanor.
“My Lady’s maid is a Frenchwoman of two and thirty, from somewhere in the southern country about Avignon and Marseilles, a large-eyed brown woman with black hair who would be handsome but for a certain feline mouth and general uncomfortable tightness of face, rendering the jaws too eager and the skull too prominent. There is something indefinably keen and wan about her anatomy, and she has a watchful way of looking out of the corners of her eyes without turning her head which could be pleasantly dispensed with, especially when she is in an ill humour and near knives.” (Chapter 21)
Thanks to both Dickens’ pen and periodical ink, the Manning case lives on to incite the imagination and inform on the rise of sensational journalism in the nineteenth century.
The Manning case presented the clashing façade of a London at odds with itself. Self-possessed Victorian morals vied with the rise of sensational journalism more interested in spurious narrative than facts. Police developed new investigative techniques to account for crimes committed as London's population swelled in the advent of the Industrial Revolution and modernization. Dr. Buckley helps readers navigate this chaos with a clear-eyed narrative without resorting to sensationalization of her own.
The work reads as a combination of police procedural with meticulous, analytical focus on the investigation twined with a Sherlockian whodunnit. The author slowly unravels each thread in the crime’s complex web, revealing the Mannings’ movements and possible motives. True, we know the case’s conclusion, but we remain engrossed in the journey nonetheless.
The Bermondsey Murder also exposits on the nature of solving crime in 19th-century London. Policing a large metropolitan area was difficult, particularly before the advent of DNA and other crime scene investigation and interrogation tactics. London was no different. Although Scotland Yard and local London constabulary garnered a negative reputation in its handling of the Jack the Ripper case decades later, the book illuminates the earlier efforts of the detectives who successfully solved the crime and restored public confidence in their skills.
For fans of true crime works such as H.H. Holmes: The True History of the White City Devil, The Bermondsey Murder offers the thrill of a true crime show without all of the unnecessary drama.
Thank you to Angela Buckley and Pen & Sword for a digital copy via NetGalley for review consideration!