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Contre-histoire de la philosophie #2

Le christianisme hédoniste

Dans cette Contre Histoire de la philosophie, Michel Onfray se propose d’examiner en une dizaine de volumes vingt-cinq siècles de philosophie oubliée. Les manuels, les histoires, les encyclopédies, les travaux universitaires, les programmes scolaires, les colloques, les éditions, les traductions évitent soigneusement cet immense continent de la philosophie. Voilà pourquoi nous ne connaissons de cette discipline que ses protagonistes les plus austères et les moins drôles. Pour quelles raisons ?

Parce que l’histoire de la philosophie est écrite par les vainqueurs d’un combat qui, en gros, opposa idéalistes et matérialistes. Avec le christianisme, les premiers accèdent au pouvoir intellectuel pour vingt siècles. Dès lors, ils favorisent les penseurs qui travaillent dans leur sens et effacent consciencieusement toute trace de philosophie alternative. D’où une occultation des matérialistes, des cyniques, des cyrénaïques, des épicuriens, des gnostiques licencieux, des frères et sœurs du Libre Esprit, des libertins baroques, des ultras des Lumières, des utilitaristes anglo-saxons, des socialistes dionysiens, des nietzschéens de gauche et autres continents peuplés de furieux personnages. Cette Contre histoire en raconte l’aventure.

Le point commun de tous ces individus ? Leur goût d’une sagesse praticable, d’un vocabulaire clair, d’un exposé limpide, d’une théorie à même de produire une vie philosophique. A la manière des sages antiques, tous tournent le dos au langage obscur, à la philosophie pour philosophes, aux discussions de spécialistes, aux sujets professionnels pour faire de la philosophie un art de vivre – de bien vivre, de mieux vivre.

Ces volumes ramassent les années du travail effectué par Michel Onfray pour nourrir son séminaire de philosophie hédoniste à l’Université Populaire de Caen créée par ses soins en 2002. Ces textes servent de support à ses improvisions effectuées chaque lundi soir devant mille personnes. Ses cours sont diffusés par France Culture depuis 2003 et édités en coffrets de CD audio par Frémeaux, avec France Culture et Grasset.

352 pages, Paperback

First published February 15, 2006

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About the author

Michel Onfray

394 books534 followers
Michel Onfray is a French philosopher. Born to a family of Norman farmers, he graduated with a Ph.D. in philosophy. He taught this subject to senior students at a technical high school in Caen between 1983 and 2002, before establishing what he and his supporters call the Université populaire de Caen, proclaiming its foundation on a free-of-charge basis, and the manifesto written by Onfray in 2004 (La communauté philosophique). However, the title 'Popular University' is misleading, although attractive, as this 'University' provides no services other than the occasional delivery of lectures - there is no register of students, no examination or assessment, and no diplomas. After all, 'ordinary' French University lectures are open to all, free of charge. Nor is the content of the Université populaire de Caen radical in French terms, it is in its way, a throwback to less democratic traditions of learning. Both in his writing and his lecturing, Onfray's approach is hierarchical, and elitist. He prefers to say though that his 'university' is committed to deliver high-level knowledge to the masses, as opposed to the more common approach of vulgarizing philosophic concepts through easy-to-read books such as "Philosophy for Well-being".

Onfray writes obscurely that there is no philosophy without psychoanalysis. Perhaps paradoxically, he proclaims himself as an adamant atheist (something more novel in France than elsewhere - indeed his book, 'Atheist Manifesto', was briefly in the 'bestsellers' list in France) and he considers religion to be indefensible. He instead regards himself as being part of the tradition of individualist anarchism, a tradition that he claims is at work throughout the entire history of philosophy and that he is seeking to revive amidst modern schools of philosophy that he feels are cynical and epicurean. His writings celebrate hedonism, reason and atheism.

He endorsed the French Revolutionary Communist League and its candidate for the French presidency, Olivier Besancenot in the 2002 election, although this is somewhat at odds with the libertarian socialism he advocates in his writings.[citation needed] In 2007, he endorsed José Bové - but eventually voted for Olivier Besancenot - , and conducted an interview with the future French President, who he declared was an 'ideological enemy' Nicolas Sarkozy for Philosophie Magazine.

Onfray himself attributes the birth of a philosophic communities such as the université populaire to the results of the French presidential election, 2002.

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Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews
Profile Image for Esteban.
207 reviews2 followers
August 6, 2014
Como de costumbre, Onfray deja pasar docenas de oportunidades de escribir algo inteligente. Pero no solo las desaprovecha, sino que además se deja llevar por la retórica anticristiana al punto de entorpecer la presentación de los autores y las ideas que pretende exponer. A pesar de compartir algunas convicciones con él - o precisamente por eso - leerlo me irrita mucho. Además, a diferencia del siguiente tomo de su contrahistoria de la filosofía, Onfray trabaja con materiales culturalmente mucho más distantes, y la escasa familiaridad con las fuentes le supone un obstáculo adicional. Evitenlo.
Profile Image for Dalia.
236 reviews49 followers
May 1, 2020
Creștinism și hedonism, doi termeni care se exclud din start.
Profile Image for Margherita.
12 reviews
November 25, 2025
ziopera la parte sul libero spirito è bellissima, poi parla di montaigne troppo a lungo per i miei gusti personali. sicuramente onfray è di parte, passionalmente di parte, non ha la prudenza dello storico. però simpatico, spassoso, piacevole nell'insieme.
Profile Image for Daria.
340 reviews
April 28, 2020
A suo discarico, chi del resto fa filosofia se non generalizzando il proprio caso?
Displaying 1 - 4 of 4 reviews