The Body God Gives: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory

by Robert S. Smith

What is the relationship between sex and gender?

What is the relationship between sex and gender?

* Understand society’s shifts in thinking and talking about sex and gender
* Discover how biological sex guides gender
* Recognize how the Bible speaks to gender and transgender
* Respond to affirming interpretations of Scripture
* Answer gender confusion with clarity and compassion

In The Body God Gives: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory, Robert S. Smith argues that God intends a person’s gender to be grounded in the reality of his or her biological sex—the body God has given. In making his case, Smith critiques the central claim of transgender that the sexed body does not determine the gendered self. He also evaluates contemporary changes in thought and speech about sex and gender, responding to modern confusion with biblical conviction and compassion. God speaks clearly, both in his word and in his world.

Genres: Theology, Christian, Anthropology, Faith, Cultural, Bodies

450 pages, Paperback

Published February 19, 2025

Reviews

[Zach Hollifield · Rating 5 out of 5]

The book claims to be “a biblical response to transgender theory,” and that is exactly what it is–and an excellent one at that! It deals less with the practicalities and experiences of gender dysphoria (unlike Sprinkle) and focuses on the theory underlying Transgender*ism*/Transgender Ideology which is precisely what is needed (as Smith’s review of the Christian literature up to his work demonstrates). His response is throughly biblical without being biblicist. I really can’t imagine a better Christian intellectual response. It both undercuts Transgender theory while presenting a compelling and beautiful Christian account of sex and gender.

A longer review is deserved, but I will just say (as someone who is well read on this topic while not being a professional in the field) that this is a top notch work and needs to be read widely by pastors in the West.

THE best Christian book on Transgender *theory* I’ve come across.


*Disclaimer: I received a pre-publication copy of this book from the publisher in exchange for an honest review*

[Todd Miles · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is flat out the best book I have read on the issue of transgenderism.

[Clark Bartholomew · Rating 5 out of 5]

This books is a treasure trove of information, aid, and insight on a really tricky topic like transgenderism. Smith provides an excellent state of transgender and queer studies to lay the groundwork. He, then, engages in excellent theological considerations and exegesis of particular passages. Not only working through the passages but showing how transgender advocates use those same verses and engaging with them critically and charitably. However, Smith never loses a heart toward those who suffer from gender dysphoria and intersex conditions. While he maintains a biblical stance on transgender, queer, and LGB issues, his pastoral and caring heart for those who need the Gospel and the consummation of all things remains constant throughout.

[Mark Miele · Rating 4 out of 5]

The Body God Gives by Robert Smith is an in-depth analysis of transgender theory’s origins, impact on society, and a biblical response to its claims. Smith states in the first chapter that the purpose of the book, “is to evaluate the central ontological claim of transgender theory: that the sexed body does not determine the gendered self. In doing so, it will also assess the moral and practical implication of this claim: that biological sex should not (or at least, need not) ground gender identity, guide gender roles, and govern gender expression” (p. 3). The book consists of three parts, with each part building off the other to tackle a separate but connected issue concerning the main thesis. Part one explores the status of transgender theory in modern culture. Smith gives a brief overview of transgender theory and the importance of answering the questions it presents today. He then covers different evangelical voices that have weighed in on the matter of transgender theory, some supporting and some not. The last chapter of this section covers Smith’s methodology in assessing the claims of transgender theory from a biblical perspective.

Part two is a thorough exploration of transgender theory. It covers the development of ideas around sex and gender, including the different sex models that link sex and gender together or assert that there is only one sex. Smith then covers how sex and gender became distinct from one another and how gender eventually was no longer linked or defined by biological sex. Much of this section discusses the development of gender theory by addressing the work of scholars like Judith Butler and Michele Focault. Smith then discusses the reactions of different groups to modern gender and transgender theory by exploring the implications and challenges posed by these theories. Smith concludes this section by attempting to establish a clear link between sex and gender that was muddled by the development of gender and transgender theory.

Part three is a biblical response to gender and transgender theory as discussed in the previous part. Smith begins by reviewing the biblical understanding of God’s creation of humanity as male and female in Genesis and what it means to be made in the image of God. Smith delves deep into the original Hebrew used in Genesis and discusses how the language in the creation narrative affects sex, gender, and the claims of transgender theory. Smith argues that the biblical testament of how man and woman were formed shows that sex and gender are not only in the mind but are established in the body. The next chapter covers the significance of marriage as displaying the salvation story of the Gospel, the conclusion of God’s eschatological plan, and how transgender theory impacts the biblical understanding of marriage. He then covers how the fall twisted our understanding of humanity, sex and gender. In the last chapter he discusses God’s plan of redemption for humanity by looking at the person of Christ. This section discusses Christology, Soteriology, and how Jesus, born as a human male who was resurrected in a human male body, affects the biblical view of sex and gender. He also responds to many of the alternative interpretations of scripture by queer theologians. In the conclusion Smith discusses seven takeaways about sex and gender as a result of the discussion in the previous chapters. He finds that there are only two sexes, even the existence of intersex people does not negate that, and gender is determined by sex. Although the sexes are different, they share the same dignity and value. Transgender theory ultimately destroys the gospel witness of marriage. The sex of the soul is determined by the sex of the body and to live out one’s true identity, one must align with their biological sex. Finally, when we are resurrected in our new bodies, they will have a biological sex and a gender that corresponds to that sex.

The book is dense, and difficult to read at times. Smith covers every theory charitably and from a scholarly perspective so that the rest of the book is responding to real arguments. Every chapter covers rebuttals to his positions which he addresses succinctly. He also provides alternative Christian views on many of the topics just to show that throughout history Christians have interpreted some key passages differently. I actually had trouble writing the summary and skipped massive swaths of information because the number of topics covered are impressive for a book of this size. The book addresses every pertinent subject when it comes to transgender theory. It covers how the existence of intersex people affects sex and gender views, as well as various feminist views of transgender theory. It interacts heavily with some of the most influential voices in the gender theory zeitgeist like Judith Butler and provides excellent rebuttals to their viewpoints. Smith focuses on the creation of man and woman in Genesis, the continued purpose of the different sexes in God’s unfolding plan of salvation, and how Jesus coming as a sexed human should affect our view of gender. All of Smith’s responses to the different claims of transgender theory come from a firmly grounded understanding of scripture and are helpful to anyone who is not sure what the Bible says about the claims of transgender theory. I would recommend this book to anyone who wants to take a serious look at transgender theory from a biblical perspective. However, it is a very in-depth book. Smith takes great care to properly represent transgender theory proponents accurately to the point that part two becomes a history lesson on the historical development of gender and transgender theory. Reading part two of the book can become tedious and difficult as much of the language is not in the common vernacular and can be confusing for those who are not educated on the theories discussed. It makes sense for Smith to firmly establish what he is arguing against first, but it ends up becoming the least accessible portion of the book. He does interact with many of the claims from part two in part three, but by the time part two is finished it can leave the reader a little lost about what the purpose of the book is. It may have been better for Smith to have sprinkled some portions of part three into part two just to remind the reader of the purpose of the book as a biblical response to transgender theory. However, this drawback does not take away from the force of Smith’s arguments.

[Margaret Sauvageau · Rating 5 out of 5]

Thorough, thoughtful, and excellent.

[Sunhee Ha · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book offers a careful and systematic evaluation of the core claim of transgender theory-namely, that “one’s inner gender identity is more fundamental than one’s biological sex”-and examines whether this claim can be reconciled with a biblical understanding of humanity, the created order, and the Christian theological tradition. The author argues that gender identity is a highly variable phenomenon shaped by psychological, social, and cultural influences, while biological sex is a fixed feature of creation that cannot be altered by social constructs or subjective sentiment. On this basis, transgender theory’s attempt to detach the meaning of the body from gender-resting on the assumption that “the body is irrelevant to gender”-is described as logically circular and insufficient as a foundation for defining human identity.
The book begins with an overview of existing evangelical scholarship, identifying three significant gaps:
(1) inadequate exegesis of key biblical passages that bear upon transgender claims;
(2) an underdeveloped theological account of the relationship between identity and embodiment;
(3) insufficient engagement with and critique of affirming transgender literature.
To address these gaps, the author offers close exegetical readings of Genesis, Pauline texts, and the teachings of Jesus while integrating scientific, philosophical, and ethical analyses to demonstrate the incompatibility between transgender theory and biblical anthropology.
Scientifically, the author maintains that human sex is holistically differentiated at the chromosomal, hormonal, and reproductive levels, and that proposals for a “third sex” or a sex spectrum ultimately collapse into variations or disorders of the two normative sexes. Intersex conditions, therefore, are not evidence against the created order but are best understood as bodily effects of the Fall. Conversely, defining gender as an inner feeling leads logically to a proliferation of genders equal to the number of individuals, rendering the category conceptually meaningless.
Theologically, grounding the discussion in Genesis 1~2, the author affirms that human beings are embodied souls, not disembodied selves inhabiting bodies. The body is an essential component of God-given identity, and the differentiation of male and female is a structural and relational feature of human existence. The imago Dei is expressed not in an abstract, undifferentiated humanity but in the complementary relationship between man and woman. Sex thus encompasses far more than biology; it is integrally connected to marriage, family, procreation, and the redemptive storyline of Scripture.
The Fall distorted but did not abolish the intrinsic link between sex and gender. It introduced disordered desires, bodily brokenness, and experiences such as gender incongruence, yet it did not revise God’s creational design. Intersex conditions and gender dysphoria are accordingly understood as forms of suffering within a fallen world rather than grounds for redefining humanity. Redemption does not negate creation; it restores and heals what has been damaged by sin.
Throughout his biblical analysis, the author demonstrates that multiple passages - Jesus’s teachings on divorce and eunuchs, the resurrection debate in Matthew 22, Paul’s instructions regarding gender expression in worship, and Galatians 3:28 - presuppose both the equal dignity and the enduring difference of men and women. Paul’s resurrection doctrine is especially decisive: Jesus rose in the same male body He possessed before death, and the “spiritual body” of 1 Corinthians 15 refers not to a non-material existence but to the transformation of the present body. Thus, sex persists into the age to come; resurrection transforms perishable men and women into imperishable men and women, not into genderless beings.
Ultimately, the author concludes that the central thesis of transgender theory - “the body is irrelevant to gender” - cannot be reconciled with the biblical narrative of creation, fall, redemption, and restoration. Christian identity is not self-constructed but received; we come to know who we are in and through the bodies God has given us. Faithful Christian living therefore entails gratefully accepting one’s natal, God-given sex and forming a gendered life that corresponds to that embodied reality.
The book rightly identifies the scarcity of evangelical scholarship that provides rigorous exegesis and theological evaluation of transgender theory, and it aims to fill that gap thoughtfully and faithfully. While some readers may find the material intellectually dense or technically demanding, the growing influence of gender ideology - particularly its effects on children - makes careful biblical discernment an urgent pastoral responsibility. In this regard, the book offers an invaluable resource for Christians seeking to speak the truth in love and respond wisely to one of the most pressing cultural and ethical challenges of our time.
The reviewer notes that the book’s strength lies not only in its arguments but in its methodological honesty. By meticulously examining previous works in order to identify their limitations, and by engaging opposing arguments with thoroughness and fairness, the author models what genuinely honest apologetics looks like. The book may feel rigid or difficult precisely because of this rigorous analysis. Yet what is needed today is a willingness to advance what is good, fight against what is evil, fill in the gaps and deficiencies, and repair what has been broken. This book is precisely that honest and intense effort to fill those very gaps. Moreover, the book exemplifies a much-needed intellectual integrity-a virtue increasingly rare in a culture marked by division and factionalism by meticulously analyzing even the counterarguments.
However, I do hope that a book of this level-dense and academically rigorous as it is-might lower its entry barrier by incorporating engaging and relatable stories, allowing more readers to approach it with greater ease.

[Aubree · Rating 4 out of 5]

In The Body God Gives, Robert S. Smith engages critically with the theories underlying transgenderism and contemporary transgender ideology. As he clarifies in the opening section, his goal is not to provide a pastoral care model, but rather to offer a theological and analytical examination of these theories, tracing their development and highlighting how they have gained mainstream cultural acceptance despite their radical premises.
Smith’s approach is notably charitable. He takes seriously the arguments put forward in support of a genderless or androgynous society, often extending more generosity than might be expected.
Smith begins by examining the concepts of sex and gender, noting that while these terms are now common in everyday language, they were not always understood or used in the way we use them today. His exploration of the etymology and historical evolution of these words provides valuable context for understanding how contemporary discussions have developed. He then clearly articulates the relationship between sex and gender, demonstrating how biological sex informs and shapes gender identity, and provides a coherent explanation of the connections between the two.
Smith demonstrates how the feminist movement contributed to a cultural shift toward a genderless society, particularly through literature. He highlights how the argument that women are “less than men,” as articulated in works such as Simone de Beauvoir’s The Second Sex, helped pave the way for the desire to redefine or “graft” women into traditionally male frameworks.
A challenge many pastors and church leaders face is understanding the transgender argument itself, which often appears rooted primarily in subjective experience rather than observable reality. Smith’s book provides valuable context for anyone seeking to comprehend how these ideas have developed over time, examining key influences such as John Money, Judith Butler, and broader feminist thought.
Smith’s survey of ideologies within the field also highlights that even within progressive queer studies, significant disagreements exist. This helps explain why the topic can feel so complex and inaccessible, often leading people to place it in the “too hard” category and disengage entirely. It also sheds light on why individuals may simply accept prevailing narratives (socially popular ones) without fully understanding the debates or the nuances underlying them.
Smith provides critique the notion that humanity was made sexuate from the beginning. He establishes these verses within their context of Gods design for man and woman. In doing so, he presents a compelling introduction to Christ’s mission as one that “rehabilitates and reintegrates that which has been wounded and fragmented by sin.” Importantly, Smith emphasizes that believers do not have to wait until heaven to experience God’s healing, rather these restorative realities can be experienced in the present. This framework underscores a powerful and hopeful truth, that true fulfillment and beauty are found in living consistently with God’s design, where gender and sex are understood as inherently connected.
Smith presents the imago Dei as inherent in all humanity, yet he asserts that the fact we are created male and female forms the foundation of fellowship. He argues that the fulfillment of human relationship is ultimately grounded in the “otherness” inherent in sex, which allows for the potential expression of the “fullness and fruitfulness” of God’s image. In emphasizing that humanity was intentionally created male and female from the outset, Smith underscores that God declared this creation “very good,” framing sexual difference not as incidental but as integral to human flourishing and relational wholeness.
Smith addresses a common point of confusion by distinguishing between biological sex and the ways individuals may present themselves socially, such as through dress or aesthetic choices. He identifies this distinction as a key shortfall of the transgender movement, which often conflates social presentation with biological reality. Smith asserts that “any other conception, especially one that anchors a person’s gender in their identity, ultimately turns gender into an idiosyncratic attribute and gender identity into a placeholder for personality.” Smith further explains that this approach can lead to the proliferation of countless gender categories (in actuality approximately one per person), thus rendering the concept of gender essentially meaningless.
The main weaknesses I observed include the book’s high scholarly level, which would make it difficult for me to recommend those who have not previously engaged with material at a similar academic standard. Additionally, while Smith provides a thorough theological, philosophical, and sociological analysis, the book does not fully address the emotional dimension that often makes transgender ideology so compelling. The distress and fear experienced by individuals navigating these issues cannot be reduced to linguistic or philosophical reasoning alone. While this omission is understandable given the author’s stated goals, it is important to acknowledge that the emotional aspect plays a significant role in why these ideas resonate so powerfully. For example, analysing that the power of the feminist movement capitalised on the hurt and pain of women, and the transgender movement is based on this same tension.

[Isabelle · Rating 5 out of 5]

5.0

As Smith states on page 4, “This is not a book about trans people but a book about an idea.” Very much so, this is a very dense, academic text that looks at what scripture has to say about and around sex, gender, and gender identity with the purpose of responding to transgender theory. It is very much not a pastoral resource, that which Smith himself outright declares. So, as long as a reader goes in expecting something very scholastic, this is a really wonderful resource. I found it to be well researched, the author well informed, and the conclusions to be largely fair and orthodox.

These aren’t spoilers, per se. Just notes that may or may not be coherent.

Smith sets the stage (ch1) by acknowledging the scholars and theologians who have come before in an effort to shed some light on this topic of trans identity (ch2), and lay out all the baseline understandings that are required to make the arguments he will make (ch3). This portion was great. It is impossible to make any coherent, stable argument without leveling the playing field, standardizing language, and contextualizing. Here, Smith gives his baseline and invites the reader to understand exactly why his argument will be made the way it is. For readers unfamiliar with gender and queer theory or notable Christian responses to these fields, this is a great and thorough starting point.

His elaboration on special vs. general revelation, I thought, was also particularly insightful. It provided helpful language for why drawing large conclusions using general revelation (uninformed by special revelation) can be problematic, dangerous, and unproductive. Key point: general revelation can never have supremacy over special revelation.

“When engaging theologically with an issue about which the Bible says little directly or nothing explicitly
the control must be with Scripture, even though the substance may largely derive from other sources. In other words, Christian theology properly addresses more than those subjects explicitly treated in Scripture, but where it does so it remains Christian theology only where the truths of Scripture have a bearing on the subject and remain uncompromised.” Pg 50

“Crucially, for something to be a social construct, it must be more than a social category; it must only exist within a social matrix. Conversely, it must cease to exist (or at least become something else) if it is taken out of that matrix. As we have seen, biological sex is no such entity.” Pg 94

Chapter 4 is a deep dive on the creation and development of thought around sex. In particular, Smith spends a lot of time exploring the concept of a social construct—what social construction is, areas of validity and invalidity, and what would qualify as a social construct. I found this to be a useful exploration. Chapter 5, of course, looks at the creation and response to gender.

Smith offers also an interesting assessment that both the image of God is expressed in the individual but can also be in the relational dynamic of man and woman together, something I’d never thought of. The coupling of man and woman is presented as the “root of all fellowship,” that which mirrors the fellowship within the Triune God and allows for procreation mirroring his creation. “While each human being is ‘the image of God,’ the dimorphic combination of ‘male and female’ is necessary for the fullness and fruitfulness of this image.” Pg 206

Later on, to refute the idea (or commonplace illustration) of a gendered soul in a sexually misaligned body, Smith elaborates on the idea that a self is constituted by a soul and body. Or, that there is no disjunction between the body and the self—“the ontological divide can only be made on the basis of an unbiblical form of ‘body-self dualism.’” Of Genesis 2:7, Smith suggests that the original creation narrative is unique and that, outside of Eden, neither body comes before the person nor person comes before the body. It is only Adam’s creation that the sexed body exists before the soul. Though even then, sex is established as a property of the body. He proposes, by citing other writers as well, that we are as much ensouled bodies as we are embodied souls. While not related to the text and its response to trans theory, it does imply that we will not be fully restored to ourselves until we experience a bodily resurrection by Jesus at the end of time. Until then, whatever separation we experience between our dead bodies and sustained souls make it so that we are not truly us.

Of the gendered description of departed souls found in Scripture, he suggests that souls retain sex as derived from the body, even after the body is returned to dust.

All this later leads Smith to the conclusion that trans theory is a “species of Gnosticism” or “ancient Gnosticism in new garb.” Many theologians, affirming and not, do disagree or at least caution against this blanket parallel. But it is nevertheless fascinating.

“[w]hile true obedience is only possible for ‘believers in whose hearts the Spirit of God already lives and reigns,’ the law remains ‘the best instrument for them to learn more thoroughly each day the nature of the Lord’s will to which they aspire.’ In this sense, the law is vital for sanctification.” Pg 307

[Reader · Rating 5 out of 5]

A robust Christian perspective on questions of gender identity and transgender theory, this book argues that the contemporary view of gender as fluid or self-determined clashes with God’s intended design of human gender and sexuality. More specifically, it challenges the idea of separation between one’s biological sex and the gendered self and its expression. Smith grounds his approach in the belief that God intentionally created humanity as male and female, with the body itself as a good gift that reveals God’s design. As America appears to be at a turning point of public opinion on several matters pertaining to transgenderism, Smith’s work here is as timely as it is necessary for modern believers to formulate coherent and consistent arguments for a biblically based view of gender and sexuality. A word of caution to the reader, however, for as impressive as this book’s argumentation may be, its sole criticism may be that it could prove to intellectually rigorous for some audiences to invest the time to read. Nevertheless, this book is worth adding to the collection of believers looking to defend a biblical worldview in this area of culture.
Broken into three parts, Smith lays out the argument of the book systematically in such a way that it flows toward its logical conclusion, that the body God gives, to include sex grounded in one’s biological sex, is the foundation of a person’s identity. He begins in Part 1 by detailing the evolution of the modern transgender movement and its conflicts with other movements within the larger LGBTQ context, such as feminism. While he acknowledges the complexities in defining what it means to be transgender, Smith does an excellent job a summarizing several definitions into an understandable framework that brings to light the primary contention of his book, how transgender theory separates a person’s inner sense of self from their physical body, suggesting that identity is defined by feelings rather than form. He further articulates the recent transgender movement has intersected and caused controversy within the broader evangelical culture. He concludes the first part of the book by detailing the theological methodology he intends to employ in his argumentation. Again, for those who are not well-versed in this sort of terminology or theological discourse, the material may prove a little difficult at first blush to understand. A further criticism may be that since it is clear that his audience is the academic, evangelical believer, it may be less inviting to someone who is perhaps not already a believer but is searching for truth on this issue.
In Part 2, Smith offers a substantive historical perspective of sex and gender, arguing that contrary to contemporary public opinion, sex is not merely a social construct assigned at birth. Additionally, he describes the linguistic evolution of gender within society, its connection with sex, and how it applies to identity and understanding gender norms or roles. Smith tactfully traces the roots of the modern identity crisis that envelopes contemporary understandings gender from Descartes and the turn toward individualism to Judith Butler and queer gender theory. He offers a robust criticism of Butler’s contributions to modern gender theory from various angles, not only that of the evangelical Christian. Smith further highlights the various inconsistencies of queer and trans theory, thereby concluding that the only coherent definition of gender is one that is rooted in the sexed body and its expression is governed therein.
The final part of the book is dedicated toward the thrust of Smith’s argument for a biblical and theologically rich understanding of sex and gender. He sets out to discuss how Christians can navigate this cultural moment by embracing an understanding of human identity that is grounded in God’s intention in the creation of humanity and culminated in Christ’s redemptive work. He opens this section with immense extrapolation of the opening chapters of Genesis, emphasizing the biblical teaching that humans are created as embodied beings, male and female, in the image of God, and that in this way the human body is not incidental in the formation of a person, but imperative to God’s design and purposes. Smith argues for the biblical teaching of unity between one’s body and soul, with a person’s biological sex being an essential aspect of their identity. He recognizes the devastating effects that the fall of humanity into sin has had on human sexuality, and ultimately humanity’s understanding of the embodied self. Smith’s concluding remarks display his humble admission that his book, while robust and expansive, is not comprehensive for everyone struggling with gender incongruence, nor is it entirely sufficient for pastors and church leaders to shepherd such persons. He recognizes that believers still have a lot of work to do to reach the lost on this issue. Still, The Body God Gives functions as a thought-provoking resource for Christians grappling with questions about contemporary questions of gender identity and challenges the prevailing cultural narrative that sex can be divorced from gender in a way that guides the church to lead on this issue with clarity, grace, and compassion.

[Lael Senanayake · Rating 5 out of 5]

Summary
Robert S. Smith's The Body God Gives: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory is a rigorous theological critique of contemporary gender ideology. The book addresses the central claim of transgender theory— that biological sex doesn't determine gender identity —and responds with a biblical vision of identity rooted in creation. Smith argues that biological sex is not incidental but foundational to personal identity and gender expression. Drawing on Scripture, theology, and historical reflection, he demonstrates that God's design for humanity includes a purposeful connection between sex and gender. The book explores Genesis, Christology, and eschatology to show that the body God gives remains central to who we are, both now and in the resurrection.
Strengths
One of the book's greatest strengths is its biblical and theological depth. Smith carefully exegetes key passages such as Genesis 1-2 by grounding his argument in the doctrine of creation. He frames gender identity as a divine gift revealed through the body, not a human construct. This teleological approach—seeing purpose behind design—offers clarity in a cultural moment of profound confusion. Smith correctly points out that biological sex isn't just biology; it's theology. The body is not arbitrary packaging for a "true self" but integral to who God created us to be.
Another strength is the book's philosophical engagement. Smith interacts with leading voices in gender theory, such as Judith Butler, and exposes the weaknesses of postmodern claims that detach gender from biology. His critique is thorough yet helpful by making the book intellectually robust without being dismissive. He takes these arguments seriously enough to refute them carefully, which strengthens his credibility with readers who might be sympathetic to progressive perspectives.
The book also provides a Christ-centered perspective that's compelling. Smith argues that Jesus' incarnation affirms the goodness of the sex-and-gender connection: "Precisely because it is the male body of Jesus that determines his identity as a man, Jesus is the ultimate example of the goodness and necessity of the sex-and-gender connection." This Christological anchor strengthens the argument that embodiment matters for identity and salvation history. If Christ's maleness mattered for the incarnation, redemption, and resurrection, then our biological sex matter too.
Finally, the book maintains a pastoral tone despite its academic rigor. While firm in conviction, Smith calls for compassion toward those experiencing gender dysphoria. He urges the church to hold truth and grace together by offering hope without compromising biblical teaching. This balance is crucial because this issue involves real people experiencing genuine suffering, not just abstract theological debates.
Criticisms and Suggestions
Despite its strengths, The Body God Gives has some limitations. First, the book is highly academic and lengthy, making it challenging for lay readers or pastors seeking quick guidance for immediate pastoral situations. A condensed version or practical companion guide would significantly improve accessibility for church leaders who need to respond to these questions in their congregations. Second, Smith critiques cultural theory effectively, but he offers limited pastoral strategies for counseling individuals struggling with gender identity. The theological framework is strong, but concrete examples of pastoral care, case studies, or step-by-step guidance would make the book more immediately useful. Third, the book is largely Western-centric and doesn't engage deeply with global perspectives or how different cultures understand sex and gender. Finally, the philosophical critique is strong however, the book could integrate more current scientific and psychological research on gender dysphoria, identity development, and therapeutic approaches. A more robust engagement with social science would strengthen arguments against critics who prioritize empirical data over theological tradition.
Recommendation
In conclusion, The Body God Gives is an essential resource for pastors, theologians, and Christian educators seeking a biblically faithful and theologically rich response to transgender theory. It's not a quick-read handbook but a deep dive into Scripture and cultural analysis. If you want clarity on why sex and gender cannot be separated and how this truth relates to God's design and salvation plan, this book is highly recommended. It will challenge your thinking, strengthen your convictions, and equip you to engage this cultural issue with both truth and grace. However, readers should be prepared for serious theological work rather than simple answers. This book works best for those willing to think carefully through complex issues and who need theological grounding to respond faithfully in an increasingly confused culture. Despite its academic nature, The Body God Gives provides the biblical clarity the church desperately needs on one of the most pressing questions of our time.

[Stephen · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Body That God Gives by Robert S. Smith is an outstanding book that brilliantly tackles tough questions about sex, gender, and transgender issues from a solid Christian viewpoint. Robert S. Smith does an amazing job bringing together Bible truths with real-world concerns, making complex theology feel clear and hopeful, and through these chapters, I learned to see sex and gender as deeply theological, not just social topics. It is a must-read for anyone wanting to understand God's good plan in depth for our bodies and why that plan still matters in today’s debates.
I love how Robert S. Smith dives deep into Genesis 1-2, showing that God made us male and female on purpose, with our bodies setting the foundation for who we are inside and out. These chapters taught me that sex is a real, created, bodily reality, and that gender is meant to be the inner and social expression of that God-given sex, not something floating free from the body. He explains marriage in Genesis 2:24- 25 so powerfully, revealing it as a picture of one-flesh unity that points to Christ and sets a pattern for how sex, gender, and marriage fit together in God’s design; this helped me see that these verses are not just about marriage but about the whole shape of human life before God.
One of the most impressive parts of this book is how clearly and thoroughly the author dismantles queer theory and postmodern gender ideas, especially those of Judith Butler. The chapters tracing the history of “gender” and then critiquing Butler opened my eyes to how much of today’s thinking comes from deep philosophical shifts, and how fragile it is when cut loose from the body. The explanations also helped me realize for the first time the sharp differences within feminist theories about gender and trans identities, how some feminists push hard for self-identified gender, while others insist that the male–female body still matters, which I had not been aware of before. Smith critiques the idea of separating gender from biological sex and shows why that creates confusion and social problems, while still demonstrating great compassion for those struggling with gender dysphoria and calling for patient, wise pastoral care. His approach is fair, balanced, and deeply insightful, and it gave me language to explain why feelings alone cannot define reality while still valuing people who are hurting.
The earlier chapters on sex and intersex helped me understand that intersex conditions are real and important, but do not create extra sexes; instead, they are rare variations within the basic male-female pattern. This corrected a common assumption I had picked up from public discussion and showed me how careful, patient explanation can both defend biblical teaching and honour people with atypical bodies. The chapters on creation, fall, and redemption also helped me see that bodily brokenness, including struggles around sex and gender, belongs inside the bigger story of sin and salvation, not outside it as a special or unique category. That helped me think more clearly about how to speak of both moral responsibility and deep compassion in this area.
What really shines is Smith's focus on Jesus, His real body, our life in Him, and the promise of resurrected bodies where sex and gender get perfectly healed, not erased. These chapters taught me that the sexed body is not a temporary shell to escape, but part of who we are forever, transformed and glorified in Christ. This gives real hope: our bodies matter now and forever, and the same sexed body God has given will be raised and made whole in the resurrection. The way he ties salvation, union with Christ, and the resurrection body to questions of identity, dysphoria, and embodied life is both theologically rich and personally comforting, and it reshaped how I think about Christian hope for those who suffer in their bodies now.
Starting with a smart method rooted in Scripture, Smith reviews what other Christians have said and calls for more biblical depth, especially around embodiment and identity. These methodological chapters helped me see the differences between sociopolitical, psycho-medical, and theological approaches to transgender questions, and why a theo-anthropological and theo-ethical method grounded in divine revelation is so important. I also learned how wide the evangelical conversation already is, and yet how much more careful work is still needed on Scripture, the doctrine of humanity, and pastoral practice. His work is thorough, pastoral, and bold, truly a gift to the church and to anyone working in apologetics or ministry.
I have one small criticism, though: it could use even more real-life stories and case examples to bring the ideas home for everyday readers and to show how this theology lands in actual lives. However, this book has deeply shaped my understanding of sex, gender, and the body, and it equips us to love people well while standing firm in God’s truth.

[Reader]

Dense, Important, and Deeply Needed: A Serious Biblical Response to Transgender Theory

The Body God Gives is not a light read and honestly, that’s part of what makes it so valuable. From the opening lines, Smith dives directly into theo-anthropology, theo-ethics, and the ontological claims behind transgender theory. This is not a surface-level cultural commentary. This is a deeply researched, philosophically rigorous engagement with one of the most pressing questions of our cultural moment.

Smith tackles transgender ideology head-on and asks the question many evangelicals feel increasingly afraid to articulate: “What does the Bible actually teach about the idea of gender identity and the body?” Given the speed at which transgender theory has reshaped cultural assumptions, this book feels timely and necessary.

I found it fascinating that Smith identifies 2013 as the cultural “tipping point” of transgender theory, when a minority position began to reshape the assumptions of the majority. He highlights how decades of activism, changing views of sexuality, and rapid technological advancement all converged to create the world we’re navigating today. Tracing the conceptual roots of transgender theory back as far as 1857 was equally eye-opening and shows just how long these ideas have been forming.

His discussion of social contagion and the rise of rapid-onset gender dysphoria was both sobering and important. Smith raises good questions about the increasingly common assumption that the only compassionate response to a gender-questioning child is to immediately affirm every requested change, including potential medical intervention. Speaking as a pastor, I’ve seen the emotional and spiritual fallout firsthand when quick affirmation replaces long-term discernment and care. Smith argues that compassion must be paired with wisdom, and that rushing irreversible decisions is neither loving nor safe. He presents this with gentleness, not alarmism, and I appreciated that balance.

One of the strongest metaphors in the book describes transgender theory as a cultural teeter-totter, not the summit of a mountain. That picture helped me understand our moment more clearly. We aren’t on a one-directional slide toward clarity, but rather in the middle of a cultural oscillation, with competing claims of truth and compassion, and no stable resolution in sight.

The pivotal thesis of the book is stated early: “At the heart of transgender theory lies the denial that the sexed body reveals and determines the gendered self.” (p. 15) Smith then asks the essential follow-up question: What is gender identity, where did it come from, and why is it assumed to outweigh biological sex?

His critique of gender identity theory is incisive without being inflammatory. On page 18, he writes: “Gender identity is both highly malleable and easily manipulable, but the distinctions between the sexes are not amenable to social engineering, no matter how much some people want it to be.” That line captures much of his concern: identity feels fluid, but the human body remains stubbornly concrete.

I appreciated Smith’s straightforward affirmation of the Nashville Statement in Chapter 1. Many authors avoid taking a clear position until the end; Smith sets his cards on the table immediately, providing helpful clarity for the reader.

Chapter 6 (“Reclaiming Sex and Rescuing Gender”) was another standout. Smith argues: “Given that sex is a matter of biology, the only way a distinct notion of gender can coherently be maintained is for it to be rooted in the sexed body.” (p. 168) That single sentence dismantles a great deal of modern gender ideology.

Section 3 finally brings Scripture into direct conversation with transgender theory. This is where pastors, ministry leaders, and lay Christians will find the most clarity. Smith asks: Can we take a deep dive into Scripture and see clearly God’s design for sex, the body, and gender? The answer, through his exegesis, is yes.

By grounding his conclusions in Genesis, the Gospels, and the broader biblical storyline, Smith shows that Christian teaching on the body is not arbitrary, not culturally conditioned, and not rooted in bigotry, but emerges from God’s revealed design for human flourishing.

My primary critique is that the book takes 170 pages to arrive at its biblical argument. While I understand and appreciate the need to build a sociological, philosophical, and psychological foundation first, the density makes this a difficult read. Pastors and students in theological training will find it manageable, but the average layperson will likely struggle. Many will not make it past the first several chapters.

This does not diminish the book’s value, but readers should know what they’re getting: an academically rigorous study that demands focus, reflection, and probably a strong cup of coffee.

[Reader · Rating 4 out of 5]

Within the past two decades, America has seen an uptick in the Transgender Movement. Although Transgenderism has existed for centuries, the movement became more visible in the United States partly due to prominent celebrities and social media influencers championing the cause. The movement undoubtedly necessitated a response from the church regarding transgender and Christian identity. The Body God Give: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory, by Robert S. Smith offers a decidedly biblical response to transgender theory and explores the tension between it and Christian theology. For the uninformed reader, he provides a necessary understanding of why transgender ideology is at odds with Christianity. It is theologically incomplete to state that “being transgender is sin simply.” The book does an excellent job of unpacking the theology behind the sinful nature of transgender ideology and why it stands in conflict with God’s creation.
Smith begins the book by exploring the central Transgender theory claim “that biological sex should not (or, at least, need not) ground gender identity, guide gender roles, and govern gender expression.” According to Smith, transgender theory is the result of postmodern identity construction, which promotes the idea that “human emotions, conceptual categories, and patterns of behavior (such as characterizing men and women or homosexuals and heterosexuals) are social constructions.” He goes on to assert that within this theory, “biology is no longer destiny; gender identity is.” Essentially, when there is conflict between one’s biological sex and their inner gender identity, people should have the freedom to align with their gender identity as opposed to their biological sex. In this scenario, societies should only “recognize and legally protect gender identity, not biological sex.” In this theory, people are free to identify with the gender that aligns with their mind.
Christian theology stands at odds with this Transgender theory because it insinuates that God does not divinely determine gender and sexual identity through the embodiment he establishes within humans at birth. Smith emphasizes that God gives us our bodies and that rejecting the body, in essence, denies the creator of the body. “Not only is our origin in God, but since he has formed and fashioned us according to his purpose, God alone “has the right to declare what it means to be human.” He asserts that Genesis 1 and 2 “straightforwardly affirms not only the sex-and-gender binary, but also the sex-and-gender connection.” Thus, God assigns sex meaningfully and on purpose. He states, “expressed otherwise, your body is ‘not a vehicle driven by the real you, your mind; nor a costume you must don.” Smith also asserts that when God establishes the sex of a person, it is not possible for their soul to be the opposite gender. He states, “there is no actual mismatch between body and soul.” He goes on to clarify that this type of gender dysphoria is not due to a mistaken embodiment on God’s behalf, but the result of a fallen world and the brokenness of creation. He notes, “after the fall, human sexuality is profoundly problematized [and] reluctance to embrace the goodness of the sex binary is part of the legacy of the fall” Thus, in order to rectify the… humans must return to a space where the Bible and a relationship with God provide the rubric for sexual wholeness and behavior.
The book does an excellent job of providing a Christian response and framework to Transgenderism. Smith offers a sound theological lens to view Transgenderism and for understanding embodiment and identity in light of God’s sovereignty. Accordingly, I do think omitting personal narratives from this community was a missed opportunity. While Smith does recognize that gender dysphoria is real, painful, and a part of the brokenness of creation, hearing the stories of those who suffer really helps to put into perspective the severity of the brokenness they are experiencing and the necessity for Christians to be empathetic. Although the answer to gender dysphoria cannot be Transgenderism, Christians must respond to those suffering from this issue with love, compassion, and care. This book is a worthwhile resource for anyone who wants to explore and understand the tension between transgender theory and Christian doctrine.

[Tuty · Rating 5 out of 5]

Robert S. Smith’s The Body God Gives is a careful work of theological anthropology and ethics aimed at responding to the core idea in modern transgender theory—that the physical body does not determine one’s gendered self. Smith does not only critique the claims of transgender ideology; he also works to build a positive, biblically rooted understanding of human identity, embodiment, and personhood. He notes that evangelical scholarship has not always addressed these questions in depth, and he hopes this book fills some of that gap by exploring how the body, sex, gender, and identity relate to each other from a theological standpoint.

In the first part of the book, Smith sets the stage by explaining how transgender theory developed and why it gained cultural momentum in the past decade. He describes four basic assumptions behind the movement, such as the belief that everyone has an inner gender identity that might differ from their biological sex, and that society should recognize this inner identity above physical reality. Smith challenges these ideas by arguing that they place too much weight on subjective feelings and not enough on the givenness of the body. He also surveys how evangelicals have spoken about these issues and explains his own approach, which places Scripture at the center of understanding human identity.

Part two turns to history and philosophy. Smith looks at older models of sex, discussions of intersex conditions, and the way the term gender evolved—first in biomedical contexts, later in feminist and postmodern thought. He traces how thinkers like Judith Butler separated gender from sex and eventually treated gender as something performed rather than something rooted in the body. In response, Smith evaluates several ways people define gender today and argues that biological sex is the stable foundation from which gender emerges. He pushes back against the idea that internal feelings can override bodily reality.

The third and longest section deals directly with Scripture. Beginning with Genesis, Smith argues that sexual differentiation is part of God’s good design and fundamental to human identity. He emphasizes that humans are unified beings—body and soul together—so a split between the “true self” and the physical body does not fit biblical teaching. He then examines the formation of man and woman, the meaning of marriage as a one-flesh union, and the effects of the fall on human sexuality and self-understanding. Smith suggests that some aspects of gender dysphoria echo the dynamics of temptation in Genesis 3. Later chapters discuss Jesus’ embodied humanity, Old Testament laws regarding cross-gender presentation, New Testament teaching on gender symbolism, and the hope of our future resurrected bodies. Throughout, Smith argues that sex remains significant for personal identity both now and in the new creation.

Smith ends by reaffirming that Scripture recognizes only two sexes, and that intersex conditions, while complex, do not represent additional sexes. He believes that because sex grounds gender, the two should not be separated or redefined. For Smith, transgender theory ultimately lacks biblical or theological support, and the body God gives us is not something to escape but something to receive.

Overall, The Body God Gives is a serious and timely contribution to discussions about sex and gender within the evangelical world. It is strong in its biblical work and in its clear presentation of humans as embodied creatures. It also offers helpful historical context and provides a solid theological framework for pastors and ministry leaders who feel unprepared to respond to these issues. One limitation is that Smith does not spend much time addressing the lived experiences or emotional struggles of those dealing with gender dysphoria. More engagement with psychology or pastoral case studies would have made the book even more practical. Nevertheless, the book remains an important resource for Christians seeking a thoughtful and biblically faithful understanding of sex, gender, and identity.

[Bridget Golubinski · Rating 5 out of 5]

The Body God Gives: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory by Robert S. Smith was truly a phenomenal book. It’s hard to understate the importance of this work and how highly I would recommend checking this book out. If you have any interest at all in theological anthropology, human embodiment, or the topic of sex and gender, then this is an absolute must-read.
Smith breaks up this book into three parts, all with the aim of critiquing the central claim of transgender theory that, “the sexed body neither signifies nor determines the gendered self.” The author approaches this claim from an overtly Christian and Evangelical perspective. Throughout the book, Smith lays out all of the claims of transgender theory and then shows at each point where they fail.
The writing itself is very clear and logical. I noticed and appreciated the orderliness of the book and the coherence throughout. The chapters and topics in this book progress in a methodical way and build upon each other.
Smith makes many claims throughout the book and sought to argue for his claim and not merely makes assertions, even if that meant going down seeming rabbit trails of topics, or laying the historical background. It’s very clear that Smith did his homework and aimed to engage transgender theory with care and integrity. He engages with other scholarly material throughout the book and engages with primary source material from scholars arguing opposing ideas from him.
In the first part of the book, Smith sets the scene for the conversation surrounding sex, gender, and transgender. He gives an overview of his goal in the book and what he sets out to accomplish. He gives a brief background on our transgender moment and how we got here. He also tries to settle on a definition for transgender, and explains the difficulties in doing so. Another way he sets the scene is through a timeline of the Evangelical response and engagement on the transgender issue. He summarizes previous books and offers praise and critique on each of them, and effectively argues why his book is needed in this space. Smith’s goal in his writing on transgender theory is to offer both substantial theological analysis paired with responsible biblical scholarship.
In the second part of the book, Smith gives the historical perspective on sex, gender, and transgender. He goes through the history and sociology surrounding sex and intersex and interacts with arguments against there being only 2 sexes. He then does the same with the historical background and sociological arguments surrounding gender and notes key figures throughout time.
In the third part of the book, Smith gives the biblical perspective on sex, gender, and transgender. He does careful biblical exposition on key biblical passages such as Genesis 1 and 2. Smith gives very valuable insight into many theological topics related to transgender theory, such as the importance of human embodiment, Jesus entering the world as a gendered male, and the effects of the fall and our redemption through Christ.
While this book is a work in theological anthropology and ethics, Smith’s goal of the book is dealing with the theoretical and not the practical nature of the transgender topic. Smith states this at the outset, so if you are looking for a book to help you with more pragmatic rather than conceptual issues, then this would not be the book for you. Rather, this book would help you make sense of the issue at a broad level and can give you a foundation to work from, but not specific help.
Also, it’s important to note that this book is a bit of a heavier read because of its scholarly nature. Smith engages transgender theory in a very scholarly and academic way. Each chapter is dense and full of an immense amount of information. It’s not a light read and Smith unpacks a lot in order to be comprehensive.
I find it really hard to say anything negative about this book. Even with the very slight disagreements that I would have with the author on small subjects in the book, Smith still gives his case on the subjects and defends it well. I think the biggest potential downside would be that Smith’s biblical response to transgender theory is approached from a classically reformed tradition. This is stated by Smith and defended, yet as someone that doesn’t agree with all aspects of the classically reformed tradition, I disagree with some of his presuppositions. While I understand the presuppositions that Smith stands upon, and would still get to many of the same conclusions, I think this is worth noting as I’m sure many potential readers will also have a starting place that is outside of this tradition.
Overall, I think The Body God Gives: A Biblical Response to Transgender Theory by Robert S. Smith is an incredible and monumental work. I would highly recommend this book to Christians and non-Christians alike and can’t rate it highly enough. Even if the topic of transgender theory is not one of interest to you, this book still offers profound insight and grounding on the topic of what it means to be a human. This was one of my favorite reads of this year, and probably will remain at the top of my list for a long time!

[Steve Varughese · Rating 5 out of 5]

Robert S. Smith’s The Body God Gives is a comprehensive, deeply researched, and theologically rigorous critique of transgender theory from an evangelical biblical perspective. The book is structured as an exercise in “theo-anthropology and theo-ethics,” as Smith attempts to answer a central question: Does the sexed body determine the gendered self, or is gender identity independent of biological sex?
Smith begins by surveying the historical and intellectual development of transgender ideology, identifying a “tipping point” around 2013 when transgender theory moved from subculture to mainstream. He traces influences from Simone de Beauvoir to John Money, Robert Stoller, Judith Butler, and Susan Stryker, revealing how various philosophical and psychological assumptions led to contemporary views that separate sex from gender.
Smith maps the definitions of transgender experiences using Roger Brubaker’s taxonomy of trans of migration, trans of between, and trans of beyond. He then evaluates the philosophical foundation of gender self-identification, arguing it fails to define what gender identity is, where it comes from, and why it should override biological sex as the basis for personal identity.
Part II (the book has three parts) provides a historical survey of how societies have understood sex and gender, engaging Thomas Laqueur’s one-sex model, Anne Fausto-Sterling’s five-sex system, and the rise of radical social constructionism. Smith argues convincingly that while cultural expressions of masculinity and femininity fluctuate, sex remains a binary biological reality grounded in objective biology rather than individual perception or an identity.
The final portion of the book brings a robust theological approach. Smith examines Genesis 1–2, arguing that humans bear God’s image as sexed persons, male and female, and that psychosomatic unity (body-soul integration) is the biblical norm assumed in Scripture. Thus, gender identity is not a psychological construct but an embodied reality, as Samuel Ferguson states, “…in a profound sense, one’s body is one’s gender.”
Smith then moves from creation theology into the realities of the Fall and the hope of redemption, and eschatology, concluding that even in the resurrection our bodies remain sexed, and that human sexuality is ultimately restored, not erased.
One structural drawback of the book is that the early chapters are a bit front-loaded with theological methodology and Christian epistemology. While these arguments are valuable for establishing Smith’s theological credibility and grounding his analysis, they temporarily push the transgender question into the background. For readers eager to engage directly with transgender theory itself, that portion of the book, at the beginning, may feel like a delay. Even more so because the prose and reasoning are consistently academic throughout the book. Additionally, the depth and density of information, while very impressive, is likely overwhelming for casual readers. This is more of a seminary-level treatment than an introductory pastoral textbook.
Despite its density, The Body God Gives feels like a one-stop resource for Christians seeking to understand, articulate, and defend a biblical view of sex and gender during the pressures of queer theory and the transgender movement. It is incredibly well done, thoroughly researched, rich in theological content, and compelling. I would recommend it especially for graduate students, pastors, Christian educators, apologists, and thoughtful believers who want to be adequately knowledgeable in this controversial topic.

[Lisa Rometti]

Dr. Robert S. Smith’s The Body God Gives: A Biblical response to transgender theory was published in 2025 by B&H Lexham Academic and is 446 pages. This book’s primary purpose is “to evaluate the central ontological claim of transgender theory: that the sexed body does not determine the gendered self. In doing so, it will also assess the moral and practical implication of this claim: that biological sex should not (or, at least, need not) ground gender identity, guide gender roles, and govern gender expression.” Smith is an Anglican minister as well as a lecturer at Sydney Missionary and Bible College.
This book seeks to clarify confusion around the transgender theory though a Biblical lens. Smith shows that foundational to a person’s identity is one’s biological sex is clearly rooted in the Bible. This book is an academic work.
Smith has broken the book into three parts to support his theme. The first part unpacks the foundation and theories of transgender theory. The second covers the historical perspective of development of gender theory and the key issues surrounding gender theory. Lastly, Smith addresses sex, gender and transgender in relation to the Biblical creation narrative.
Starting out, the book delves into the transgender movement, its definition, and what that means for the church. He defines the central claim of transgender theory as “the denial of the sexed body reveals and determines the gendered self.” There is a through mapping of definitions of current terms to clarify some of the confusion churches find themselves in relation with the movement. More importantly, he addresses the major concern over under whose authority does ones ethical and anthropological perspective come from as well as the ability to correct these perspectives.
Looking historically, Smith starts by takes an in depth look at the types of sex models including arguments for and against each model including a thorough understanding of intersex variations. He then traces the development in gender theory and includes arguments for linguistics and biomedical domain. His conclusion after investigating various understandings of sex and gender is that “the sexed body determines the gendered self, it is sex that should ground gender identity, govern gender roles, and guide gender expression.”
Finally, the Biblical narrative is considered. Trans-affirmation is unconvincing when presented against the revealed in key Biblical texts through both exegesis and hermeneutics. The author looks at both genders in relation to one another along with trans affirming interpretations to show the consistency of scripture for sex and gender binary proving the connection between male and female affirming the lack of foundation for trans theory.
I would recommend this book for anyone looking for a deep dive into understanding current issues regarding trans affirming theories and arguments. Considering the broad scope of theories, overall understanding of its historicity, and Biblical arguments, one can have a solid understanding of cultural perspectives for both sides of the issue as well as the tools necessary for logical arguments.
This book is dense in theological concepts and can be intellectually challenging as the language was highly academic. While the content is valuable, if one is unfamiliar with the topic, it can be difficult to process the information on a first read through. One might have to revisit key sections to comprehend the nuances of the author is trying to present.

[Kevin Branstetter · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is an excellent introductory read for anyone trying to understand biblical views of sex and gender in light of the modern transgender movement. The topic is communicated with care and sensitivity, but the author, Robert Smith, does not shy away from speaking clearly on the topic. He is well versed in philosophy and wrestles with the aforementioned movement’s claims about the nature of male and female. As he puts it, this book's “purpose is to evaluate the central ontological claim of the transgender theory.” He does so from a Christian perspective, of which he is upfront about from the beginning of the book. The contents of the book covers the history of the transgender movement, its claims, and then how these claims hold up to biblical precedent. Below I will overview some of the key points of the book.

Smith rightly points out that even though this movement is presently making waves in the culture, it is actually much older and began its cultural influence as far back as the 1950s. Its rise to clear visibility, however, was around 2013. Since then there has been a deep cultural tension that nearly all corners of American society can feel. How could, what seems to be, such a small issue of affirming someone’s perceived self-identity cause so much social unrest? This is one of the early questions of the book, and Smith suggests that the answer is complex. And requires much discussion to unpack over the course of the book's length.

The author lays out the main thrust of his book when he contends that “at the heart of transgender theory lies the denial that the sexed body reveals and determines the gendered self.” In short, the claims of transgenderism is that a person's sex and gender are completely disconnected from one another. He goes on to evaluate both the concepts of sex and gender to see if they are linked. This is where the book really shines and provides insights for readers who are not well versed in this area of study. Understanding the history and core philosophical underpinnings of the concept of transgenderism is key to understanding how it has caused such a significant social tension. The author ultimately finds and defends that the concept is at odds with basic human development. He also suggests that the idea is also at odds with biblical understandings of sex and gender.

Another noteworthy subject discussed in this book is the response from the church to the rise of the transgender movement. Much like the secular culture, there was a sizable divide in the culture of the church with some churches affirming the movement while others taking strong anti-stances. Smith evaluates this development in contrast to biblical ideas of sex and gender. Is there any difference at all between the two concepts from a scriptural viewpoint? The book makes the case that there is not a discernable difference present in the Bible. In fact, on the biblical view, the existence of male and female and their unique differences existed from the very inception of human beings when God created them. The roles of men and women are both necessary parts of the flourishing of human beings, and so to tear those pillars down is to break down the fundamental building blocks of mankind. These themes are the final thrust of the book and they make a powerful closing case for the author's view point.

[Josh · Rating 4 out of 5]

This is an excellent book. Dr. Smith has done us all a service by reading and digesting a vast amount of trans and queer theory literature (may the Lord restore the years the locust devoured). He makes clear arguments from Scripture, supported by philosophical reflection, on the significance of the body as God gives it for determining our gender identity (an inward sense of self) and roles (outward in social and relational spheres).

The only reason it's not five stars is the inevitable legacy of being a reworked doctoral dissertation. The very purpose of a dissertation is, at least in part, to demonstrate that the author has wide knowledge in the relevant literature. Hence the abundance of footnotes for nearly every sentence. But, to an extent, that works against good writing, since it clutters the text with interactions with little-known scholars whose work are irrelevant for most human beings (with apologies to the scholars!). The Body God Gives is an outstanding dissertation, and a strong, slightly too long, book - and that's about the best that can be hoped for when the project begins solely in the PhD world...

[Jonathan Prudhomme · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is a very thorough and very philosophically and theologically precise treatment of sex and gender from a biblical perspective. Smith goes to great lengths to fairly represent the perspectives of those who are in disagreement with his, and yet he also clearly and carefully lays out his argument that the sexed body does, in fact, reveal and determine the gendered self.

I especially appreciated Smith’s careful nuance regarding rigid gender essentialism. For instance, in one of his stated implications he says that “Drawing a distinction between sex and gender is useful for combating overblown notions of gender essentialism and rigid gender stereotypes.” In other words, he says that “one way to combat a false gender essentialism produced by a hard biological determinism is to distinguish gender from sex without disconnecting gender from sex.”

I also really appreciated Smith’s application of the resurrection to the issue of gender and Jesus’ Person as being male in general as being able to save *all* of mankind, women included.

[Kara · Rating 5 out of 5]

This book is not for the easy reader. This author wades through much writing covering queer theory, and I have not read in that sphere, but felt Smith is extensive in his coverage and gracious in reply. I appreciated the deep dive into Scripture-both Old and New Testaments, and the context Smith gives in the original text. Honestly, most of this part resulted in worship on my end, and a recognition of God’s perfect and orderly plan as designed in Genesis 1-2 and through all of Scripture vs. what the Fall brought in Genesis 3. Overall, I’m thankful for a work like this, and it was worth the time and thinking efforts I had to invest to get through it. I’ll be interested to see perspective from others with more background knowledge as the year progresses.

[Joel Wentz · Rating 4 out of 5]

From an academic-theoretical perspective, this is probably the best book, from an evangelical angle, on gender theory and the biblical text. My favorite section is the discussion of the history and development of critical gender theory. The author does an outstanding job synthesizing and critiquing vast areas of theoretical work, especially that of Judith Butler. The biblical-exegetical word is strong, as well. My only critiques were that the book occasionally relies a bit too much on literature review, and I felt it was missing an apologetic, cultural angle.

Full video review here: https://youtu.be/1OIR18wPpyk

[Matt Witten · Rating 4 out of 5]

Whew. This one is dense but really good. It reads and is built a bit more like a textbook than a typical read, and has the thoroughness of one.

At times it feels like the author addresses viewpoints he doesn’t need to, and sometimes it’s hard to sift through the pontification (although that’s not always his fault, but more because of the ideas he has to address and how they’re worded).

But, this is really well done, and very comprehensive.

[Jeremy Tetreau · Rating 5 out of 5]

A comprehensive, even-handed, fair, and magisterial response to transgender theory from an evangelical perspective. Smith is careful, methodical, and represents his opponents' positions fairly. As one endorser put it, this is "Required reading," though it's certainly not quick or light reading.

[Rocky Woolery · Rating 5 out of 5]

Very honest evaluation of the trans-theory of human sexuality and engagement with the Scriptures from an evangelical point of view where it is God's Word and true as it speaks..

[Donovan Moritz · Rating 5 out of 5]

One of the most thorough resources out there to date providing a biblical theology of anthropology. Well-researched as well, providing lots of cited resources.

[Doug Hanna · Rating 5 out of 5]

Monumental. An important work.

[Aaron J. Gregas · Rating 5 out of 5]

Excellent. This may be the best treatment on human sexuality from a Protestant perspective to date.

[D. Owen · Rating 5 out of 5]

This is the most thorough and detailed explication of a Biblical understanding of sex and gender. It is easy to read and understand while explaining and evaluating philosophical and theological concepts not commonly addressed in most churches. The source bibliography takes up 68 pages, and the Scripture index includes hundreds of verses. I’m certain those interested in a Christian view of sex & gender will want this book…!