Upon my first reading, I became seriously frustrated. Since the work is not divided up into separate poems, given separate titles, I viewed it as a singular, drawn out work. This is _is_, but its singularity is achieved solely through the common thread of subject (men) and NOT through a common & consistent attitude towards, or even a consistent definition of, that subject. The passages of text comprising this book serve as a collection, or perhaps even a collation, of numerous & disparate ideologies, numerous points of view.
The title of the book is in this way somewhat misleading: were the work to have been entitled simply "Men" (which is a plural noun) I believe it would have been much easier to view it as pastiche, whereas "THE Men" (a singular collective noun) seems to lump all men under discussion into some sort of unified group. But really either title lends itself to an assumption of a feminist point of view, which society has conveniently pigeonholed into an unwaveringly man-hating. Even amongst liberals, a text perceived as "feminist" is assumed to have a consistent underlying thesis towards men (namely that they are oppressors).
In my first (frustrating) reading my mind set about trying to resolve the meaning of each succeeding fragment, each passage, by interpreting it in terms of the definitions, narratives, and general portrayals that proceeded it (in other world, trying to make each passage an example of an overarching conception/depiction of Maleness). This constituted the most absolutely wrong track to take.
Luckily I was able to figure that out relatively early on. On the 3rd page of text (page 11 of the book), we encounter the lines "What we refer to as men is any / Communication we begin to perpetrate." After reading that passage I began, a bit obsessively, to try to comprehend all following usages of the term "men" as being not about physical men at all, but solely as metaphors regarding communication. The stress of trying to make this metaphor make sense in subsequent passages, was, in retrospect, perhaps an absurd endeavor. Looking back on my efforts to create coherence (by trying to force this definition of the word "men" into contexts where it was clearly UN-intended) I can only see my efforts as being slightly less misguided than those of a student trying to interpret a textbook on geology completely in terms of an introductory "fluff" chapter whose hope is to increase the interest of the student in the subject of rocks by waxing romantic upon the cultural importance of stones throughout history which elaborates especially upon the metaphor in Greek Mythology wherein a stone is seen as the transformed substance of a woman. Though I realize that that particular comparison is perhaps overly cruel. In poetry, perhaps it is not so absurd after all to try to view statements in a wholly new way, as new meanings are ascribed to the words of which they are comprised. Poetry embraces specifically difficult metaphors in ways that textbooks do not.
And really, my time spent agonizing over what passages such as "when a man's name is sewn into the label of my coat" (pg 39) "truly" signified if men were, actually, communication (not to mention the utter confusion introduced by the declaration that what was called a man is now to be called hydromel, after which pronunciation is made no lessening of the use of the word "men" is to be espied) – well I think that time was spent primarily in trying to open my mind to possibilities, to find links, and to think, overall, much more deeply and much more symbolically that I have in quite some time, and can that truly be said to be wasted time at all? And perhaps my muddling around trying to divine connections that simply weren't there also helped to make the text that much more profound when I "realized" the actual nature of the text as a fragmentary dialogue of many voices instead of as a problematic monologue in need of intense deciphering.
My "insight", slow though it may have been in coming, then, was that the text of The Men does not depict men as if they can be treated as a uniform population, but rather highlight the essentially fragmented and often contradictory or fluctuating associations that you or I or the world may have towards men and the term "men".
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I realize in my ramblings I have said really rather little about the book – I described my own personal shift in my essential conception of the text, but have done so without particularly describing that text in any meaningful way. I will make a cursory effort to remedy that here:
It is notable that the book is divided into 5 sections:
- Men Deft Men
- Evening Lit the Gnat
- A Record
- Of the Vocable
- True Speech
The differences between these divided sections – the qualities that cause each to have a slightly different feel to it – are hard to pin down. Trying to elucidate connections of subject matter or of tone would require a much more in depth analysis of the book than I have time to give it, and even then I fear that the texts within a particular chapter are linked in a manner that can be felt more than it can be described in words.
An interesting note: Not too far into the book, I recognized on pg 16 the phrase "Sweet new style", which had been the ending line of the very first section/paragraph of the book. I didn't think too much of it at the time, but after embarking on to chapter 2 (if these divisions can be called chapters) I noticed the same occurrence: a single phrase (in this case "last human things") repeated within the chapter – apparently with no other repetitions. I began to wonder if every chapter would be this way: containing one and only one repeated phrase. Unfortunately, I did not find conclusive evidence of this throughout the rest of the book, but that may very well be attributed to the decline in what I notice in a poem that corresponds to increased attempts to maintain a more workable (i.e. faster) pace of reading. If I had the time I would reread each of the last 3 chapters, giving them this time the attention needed for the task, and make a more aggressive attempt to ferret out the presence of this form in every section.
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What review is complete without actual textual examples? Here are a few of the ways in which the book manifests contradictions:
The men are often described in terms of reverence, with an implicit desire for their attention:
"adoring and adoring them. / Amazement" (29)
"You really love / the men. / We do." (20)
"I thank them." (39)
But this is contradicted by a quote which seems to portray the men's attention as entirely unwelcome:
"If the men turn towards me / Where are the rights of my solitude?" (22)
And both points of view (both expressing a strong reaction to the presence of men) are negated by the simple statement:
"I… forgot / Them." (25)
A particularly straightforward example of contradiction is seen in the comparison of the following two passages:
"Unavoidably the men / All… stand alone" (26)
"There is no man alone" (42)
Another notable example is how men are portrayed unerringly as intellectuals of the highest order in the quote:
"… the men / Rise from civil business to / Theological truth and the wooing / of it" (22)
Only to have it implied on the very next page that men possess no intellect whatsoever:
"Wrath of the men / Is very long as if / The men had intellect" (23)
The sense of which is strengthened by another implication later on that seems to hint that men's natural state is one of ignorance:
"I cannot condemn a man for ignorance" (41)