Of course,” you hear them say, “the book was much better than the movie.” And while we’ve heard this observation time and again, no one really elaborates as to why. Then, too, I suspect that in instances when the movie was the original, inspired creation, and the book was the one riding the coattails—as in the novelized versions of Dark Knight and Terminator—the opposite is true. The movie is much better than the book. Someone else might have to corroborate this idea, because I, for one, have never and will never read the novelization of any movie. My main premise is as follows: The emotive fire of the creative artist loses its heat when transferred to another medium.
In this instance, I watched the movie before I read the novel, and although I enjoyed the movie, I didn’t think it was “great.” I sure as hell didn’t see why it won eight (8) Academy Awards, including Best Picture. Now that I’ve read the novel (which was a runaway best-seller) and now that I’m more familiar with the casting decisions of the director, Fred Zimmerman, it all becomes very clear that the film was indeed riding the coattails of a hugely successful book; people flocked to the theater to see how all this salaciousness and debauchery might appear on the big screen. If you knew that Donna Reed from It’s a Wonderful Life, was going to play a sultry prostitute, wouldn’t you be at least a little curious?
"Watching her walking he could see the flat triangle of hair underneath the thinness of the dress, but with her it was not like it had been with Maureen who had been unaware of it completely. This girl was aware of it , aware of him, but she was utterly above it. She was aware of it and she ignored it.
Must be twenty-three or –four, he thought, noticing that she walked very straight and that her hair was done in a circular roll low on her neck and that she had very wide eyes that looked at him serenely openly. She stopped by them and smiled at him and he noticed her mouth was very wide across the thin childishness of her face, he noticed the long lips were very full especially at the corners. She has a beautiful face, he thought.
Mrs Kipfer introduced them formally, and then asked if she wouldn’t look after him because he was new here? If she wouldn’t show him around?
'Surely,' she said, and he noticed how pleasingly low pitched, how poised her voice was. It was the voice that belonged with the rest of her. 'Let sit down, shall we?' she smiled."
If you knew Burt Lancaster, as Sergeant Warden, would be having an affair with his commanding officer’s wife, a character played by the very epitome of genteel propriety, Deborah Kerr, wouldn’t you be hoping to see a little skin on the big screen? And let’s not forget Mr. Frank Sinatra, whose Italian Brooklyn character is one of the funniest in modern fiction, the equivalent of King Lear’s jester:
“I even climbed up on the doorknob to look through the transom to see if he had died and the son of a bitch had hung a towel over it. I call that plain goddam bad manners.”
“What you mean is,” Prew grinned, “you think he’s a suspicious bastard.”
“Yeah,” Angelo said. “As if anybody would look through his goddam old transom.”
He frowned at them so indignantly so long that Lorene giggled and finally had to laugh out loud.
“Well,” he said, getting up. “I’m a kind of guy can tell when he’s overstayed his welcome. I can tell when I ain’t wanted. I leave you people to your lovin.”
“Aw, stick around,” Prew grinned, “Please don’t rush off.”
“Yas,” Angelo said, “I like you too, you bastard. I will just leave you some of this whiskey and then I won’t feel so guilty.”
Indeed, now that I’ve read this 850-page monolith, I want to see the film again, just to note how much innuendo made it past the censors, or perhaps just to visit with these characters for 118 more minutes. Did I mention prostitutes—male solicitors included— gambling, gay night life, boxing, homicidal beatings, vengeance murders, and gun-in-the mouth suicides?
“[He] was lying back across his bunk in that peculiarly lifeless position dead people get into, with the top of his head gone and the rifle on the floor and the one pastywhite bare foot dangling down ridiculously. There was a large blot of blood and phlegmy matter on the ceiling around the hole where the bullet had gone on through. It was still [his] face, but it looked as if all the bones had been taken out from behind it, like one of those cured headhunter’s head you could see in the curio shop windows downtown on Hotel Street.”
Compared to the book, the movie seems like a Disney after-school special. It’s my understanding that the book itself, as published in 1952, was also watered-down from James Jones’s original manuscript, which contained an explicit sex scene with two men as well as some more choice language.
But to say that the book is better than the movie because it’s less diluted or because we get to spend more time with our beloved characters is still missing the point. At the heart of the matter, the book is truer, both emotionally and philosophically. In the wholesome, domesticated ideology of the 1950s when shows like Leave it to Beaver sought to impose a moral compass on postwar America, From Here to Eternity reminded a generation of men of what they had, in fact, experienced: suicides, genocide, prostitution, gambling, boxing, explicit language, beatings, court martial, extra-marital affairs.
As an enlisted soldier of the US Army, I myself was summoned, along with the Chaplain, to the scene of a suicide. An MP had shot himself in the head. It wasn’t pretty. This soldier had left his wife and kids for a German national only to have the Fraulein empty his bank account and leave.
We were stationed in Holland, not Germany, where both marijuana and prostitution were legal; many soldiers were sent home, including the Sergeant Major (for allegedly assaulting a girl). Drinking and gambling were popular pastimes in the barracks. I recall one particular officer who lost his security clearance because of bad debts. One PFC was busted down to a plain private because he had been drinking on guard duty. Yes, the military was dramatic, even in peace time, and I suppose that’s why we loved it almost as much as we hated it—because nowhere else, except on the edge of death, could we feel so alive.
Which reminds me of the title of the work itself, a phrase that is lost (like the emotional and philosophical truth of the story) upon anyone who sees the movie without having read the novel. It’s taken from a poem entitled “Gentlemen-Rankers” by Rudyard Kipling.
Jones cites the last four lines: “Gentlemen-rankers out on a spree/ Damned from here to Eternity,/ God ha’ mercy on such as we,/ Ba! Yah! Bah!” A gentleman-ranker is an enlisted solider who is qualified, through education, breeding, or military training, to be an officer, and yet chooses to remain an enlisted rank. Why would someone do such a stupid thing?
Well, I for one did it because I made more money (through singing bonuses and student-loan repayments) than I would have as an officer. Also unlike an officer, I could choose my MOS (Military Occupation Specialty), and my station in Europe.
Looking back on it, I’m not sure I made the right choice. Like Kipling so eloquently wrote in his poem, I did feel like a “little black sheep” who had gone astray. On the other hand, I suppose social limbo and biting my tongue were a modest price to pay for having the opportunity to tour Europe on Uncle Sam’s dime, all the while paying off a small mortgage’s worth of student loans. As for other gentlemen-rankers—like First Sergeant Milton Warden of the story—their reasons can be found, all the same, in their values and identity.
Warden’s commanding officer, Captain Holmes, is too busy fornicating to be of much use in running G-Company. Consequently, the administrative burden falls on Warden, who, as usual, does a superb job—evening while seducing the Captain’s wife.
In the novel, Captain Holmes actually befriends a young general and is promoted to the rank of major. In the movie, he’s reprimanded. But the point is that an enlisted man, an NCO (non-commissioned officer) specifically, does the real, day-to-day work of the army, and the officers get the credit.
Warden shares the same view of many NCOs that I came across in the army. When a private accidentally called them sir, they responded, “Don’t call me sir, I work for a living!” Or if an officer asked them what materials they needed for a particular mission, their response might have been, “All I need is for you to stay out of the way, sir.”
Unlike Captain Holmes, First Sergeant Warden has a deeper connection with the army, a sense of it beyond himself. He’s fair and impartial to his subordinates. Unlike Holmes, he “never overstep[s] his own private, self-constructed line of equity.” In the deepest sense, Warden simply has more respect for his enlisted colleagues than the commissioned officers who have commanded him. He’s a capable, educated, sophisticated, and empathetic man—virtually the very opposite of the hard and harsh exterior that he portrays; It’s as if he’s hiding his capabilities not out of humility, but out of shame. Karen Holmes loves him, but she “can’t” (a.k.a. won’t) marry him unless he submits his paperwork to become an officer.
Jones, too, as the author, seems to have his own private line of equity, striving to portray each character as honestly as possible. Even though the reader wants Private Prewitt to win a gloves-off boxing match with Corporal Bloom, he doesn’t win. The fight is pretty much a draw.
Also, despite the foibles of his main characters, Jones gives them redeeming qualities that, on the balance, make them likable. This is the first literary novel I have read where a highly intelligent and respectable main character has a seventh-grade education and was raped as a child by a bum in a “rolling box car.” The characters from The Man with the Golden Arm have disadvantageous backgrounds as well, but they never emotionally or intellectually rise above this background like Prewitt does. They don’t have his internal code, work ethic, or sophistication. Consequently, he earns our respect and love, while they remain intellectually, physically, and morally lazy.
In terms of craft, Jones creates a Thrillerary, my favorite types of novel. He superbly “sets up” each major scene by creating a sublime anticipation, as when 1) Prewitt is about to meet Alma, 2) Warden is about to seduce Karen Holmes, 3) another stockade prisoner is about to have his arm broken by a sixteen pound sledge hammer. Like the consummate author of a thriller, Jones plants the question of the scene first: Will Angelo escape or be arrested or killed?; Will Prewitt murder the guard or die trying?; Will Alma marry him?; Will Warden be caught having the affair or enjoy the vacation?; Will he become an officer and marry her or remain a gentlman-ranker and be damned from here to eternity?
And like the consummate author of a literary novel, Jones portrays conflicts born of the very psychology of his characters. Prewitt will have an easy stay in G-Company if he simply agrees, against his principles, to box for Captain Holmes. Warden can be an officer if he agrees, against his will, to submit the paperwork.
Add to this mix an authentic, expertly rendered dialogue, and you have a book, a National Book Award winner, that for all intents and purposes, is much better than any movie.