"In the rainy season it is really bad. Water mixes with the shit and when we carry it on our heads, it drips from the basket onto our clothes, our bodies, our faces. When I return home, I find it difficult to eat food sometimes. The smell never gets out of my clothes, my hair. But then in summer there is often no water to wash your hands before eating. It is difficult to say which is worse."
This is a telling investigation and indictment of India‘s lack of resolve over the past 100 years to get rid of manual scavenging and transportation of human excrement.
Since Gandhi raised the question of untouchability in 1901 there have been reports, recommendations, a National Commission in 1994 and allocation of funds for rehabilitation of the Bhangis, but so far little has changed. Almost every state government denies the existence of the problem.
The author suggests that there is a silent and shameful opposition in India to the eradication of untouchability. The Bhangis are trapped in a system ordained by the caste structure which impedes rehabilitation and movement into alternative work. Can attitudes change, or will the dignity, justice and equality enshrined in the Constitution remain no nearer for the Bhangis than it was in 1947?
"In Ahmedabad, successive Chief Ministers have made a ritual of publicly avowing their intention to abolish manual scavenging and headloading. In 1969, in honour of the Gandhi Centenary, the then Chief Minister had made a public pronouncement that he would wipe out this national shame from the land of Gandhiji's birth. In 1994, to celebrate the 125th birth anniversary of the Mahatma, the promise was reiterated by the new Chief Minister. And in 1995, in honour of Dr Ambedkar's centenary, the charade was re-enacted!"
The book talks about what government officials will not talk about. Government officials will say that no one is employed to manually clean up human waste...Or if they are, then it's only a few people...Well maybe more than a few people but our records show one thing...