Henry is a very complex character, partly because he was so inconsistent when it came to wives, religion, but most of all... Temperament. So many people close to him at different stages of his life, met with grisly ends- More, Fisher, Cromwell, Anne Boleyn and Katherine Howard. And of course Wolsey and first with Catherine of Aragon- who he'd been married to for nearly twenty years, died in disgrace and despair. What Suzannah Lipscomb does so well here, is she looks at one specific year- 1536- the pivotal year in which Henry changed from the Adonis, universally adorned 'virtuous prince' that came to the throne, 27 years earlier in 1509, into the infamous large, bloated, bad tempered tyrant that the general public, even those without much interest in history, know so well of today.
First Lipscomb sets the scene brilliantly by the beliefs that underpinned Tudor England, the divinely created order; the importance of religion, the belief that women were inferior to men, being "weaker in mind and more prone to sin", and "the cause of sexual sin". Then she looks at the general public's image of Henry, the bloated wife-killer (Charles Laughton), comparing it to the Henry of 1509. Lipscomb looks at the different theories put forward over the years as when he changed, giving her own theory that his change "eccelerated the events of 1536".
Lipscomb looks at the young Henry, from birth to childhood, change from second son to heir-apparent, accession, marriage to Catherine of Aragon- pointing out that the famous cruel streak that we see from 1536 and onwards, was not present at this stage.
She then covers Henry's divorce, his great anxiety over the lack of male heir, and his genuine belief he was being punished by God for marrying his dead brothers wife. Lipscomb covers the deaths of More and Fisher, the famous break with Rome, his belief that he was "Supreme Head of the Church" and the rise of Anne Boleyn- pointing out that on the eve of 1536, he was happy and hopeful of an heir.
Then Lipscomb looks at 1536, in a short chapter, listing the major events which made it so significant.
Moving into 1536, Lipscomb explains why why the events "cut right to the core of how Henry saw himself as "a man" and why the traumatic events which occurred between January-July had a "cumulative impact" on him, changing him to a man who was perceived to be "growing old" and tried to fight this in a way which made him 'a caricature of virility'.
Moving onto the impact Catherine's death in January of 1536, impacted Henry, before moving on to examine the characteristics of masculinity- how the importance of the joust in demonstrating that masculinity- giving a fresh and important understanding in his behaviour, and the effect his jousting accident had on his life and health from now on.
After this Lipscomb examines in the infamous and bloody fall of Anne Boleyn, and the different factors that have to be taken into account- her miscarriage, Jane Seymour, their relationship at the time, before and after the fatal miscarriage of a son. Then looks at why Anne fell, pointing out how crucial the answer is, due to how it "rests on our picture of Henry VIII and the effect of this years events". Then looks at the investigation- Smeaton's confession, Anne's altercation with Norris, the arrests of the men, and the trials and executions of Anne and the men. Lipscomb points out the charge of Anne and George "supposedly" laughing at Henry's dress and "accusations" of impotency, had a massive effect on his honour and masculinity, in a time when he was perceived to be "growing old" (45 in those days was seen as old, compared to now), and extreme anxiety over a lack of male heir. Lipscomb does point out, "the several pieces of evidence that speak strongly of Anne's innocence", why she was still found guilty and put to death.
Then Lipsomb looks at Henry's heirs in 1536- his daughters Mary and Elizabeth had been made illegitimate, his niece Margaret Douglas was imprisoned in the Tower, and the death of his illegitimate son, Henry Fitzroy.
An interesting chapter is on the masculinity and image, with the Holbein and Thyssen portraits, and how they gave Henry "strong, ultra-masculine qualities" possibly to "compensate for the events of 1536".
Finally Lipscomb gives a great examination into religion at this time- the reformation, Henry's role in it (and in later reformation), why Henry was actually neither Protestant nor Catholic, but somewhere in between. How the impact of "the Pilgrimage of Grace" effected his character and behaviour, the criticism of courtiers, and "The Mouldwarp Prophecy"- how seriously it was take, it's level against Henry from 1536, and how it signified the transition of a "splendid young King to the conjecture that he had become a tyrant".
Finally Lipscomb questions- did Henry become a tyrant? Looking at what a tyrant meant in the 16th century, compared to modern day definition. Looking at various examples of his behaviour before making her conclusion. She also looks at his temper, his "spiteful interest in the manner of Anne's death", the way he dealt with the rebels in the Pilgrimage of Grace, and his use of the Parliamentary Attainder, and his "savage" reaction to betrayel.
The book concludes with an epilogue, appendices containing a timeline of 1536, brief bios of his wives, and a very useful "cost of living in 1536". Along with full notes, section on further reading and an index.
Suzannah Lipsomb is a brilliant scholary historian who makes history accessible to everyone. Unlike some historians, who can push their views a little patronisingly on the general reader, Lipscomb does not do that. 1536 is brilliantly unravels the psychology of Henry VIII and what drove him to turn maliciously against friends and wives.