The fundamental diagram is a graphical representation of the relationship between traffic flow and traffic density. It is a useful tool for understanding how traffic behaves under different conditions. The fundamental diagram is typically plotted with traffic flow on the vertical axis and traffic density on the horizontal axis. The fundamental diagram has three main **Free This region occurs at low traffic densities, when traffic is flowing smoothly and there is little congestion. The traffic flow in this region is approximately proportional to the traffic density. **Congested This region occurs at high traffic densities, when traffic is congested and moving slowly. The traffic flow in this region is less than proportional to the traffic density.