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The Portuguese Carnation Revolution

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On 25 April 1974, a group of Portuguese soldiers overthrew one of the last Western European dictatorships of the 20th century, and presented a political programme to the country based on three pillars: Democratise, Decolonise and Develop. What came to be known as the Carnation Revolution started the “third wave of democratisation” (Samuel P. Huntington), which then reached Spain, Greece and dozens of other countries in Latin America, Asia and the Pacific, Africa and Eastern Europe. A year earlier, in April 1973, an essay that José Medeiros Ferreira had sent from exile in Switzerland had been presented to the 3rd Congress of the Democratic Opposition in Aveiro. In this essay, which was received with suspicion by various sectors of the Opposition, but which turned out to be prescient, the author stressed the need for the Armed Forces to be involved, firstly to put an end to the dictatorship and the war in the African colonies, and then to support the implementation of a national action plan that would lead to decolonisation, democratisation and development. From the pen of Medeiros Ferreira—who, having returned from exile shortly after the Revolution, played an important role in opening up Portugal’s young democracy to Europe and the world, later establishing himself as one of the most brilliant contemporary history academics of his generation—his historical essay on the Carnation Revolution would be published in 1983, and is now being offered to English readers. In this first pioneering and daring attempt to record a history of the Portuguese Revolution, recognising the risks of the proximity of the text to the object of study, as well as the proximity of the narrator to the historical action in which he was involved, the author made a redoubled effort of methodological rigour, through the selection, analysis and interpretation of the available sources, bequeathing a work that remains fundamental and intellectually challenging.

248 pages, Paperback

Published June 1, 2024

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About the author

José Medeiros Ferreira

37 books10 followers
JOSÉ MEDEIROS FERREIRA nasceu a 20 de Fevereiro de 1942, na ilha de S. Miguel, Açores.
Fez os estudos secundários em Ponta Delgada (1952-1960), frequentou o curso de Filosofia na Faculdade de Letras da Universidade de Lisboa, entre 1960 e 1965, data em que foi expulso por motivos políticos de todas as universidades portuguesas. Dirigente estudantil entre 1961 e 1965, foi preso pela PIDE. Exilou-se na Suíça. Licenciou-se em História, pela Faculdade de Ciências Económicas e Sociais da Universidade de Genebra, onde, entre 1972 e 1974, foi assistente. Doutorou-se em História Institucional e Política na Faculdade de Ciências Sociais e Humanas da Universidade Nova de Lisboa, onde foi docente entre 1981 e 2008.
Candidato pela oposição democrática em 1965. Em 1973 enviou ao Congresso de Aveiro uma tese intitulada «Da Necessidade de um Plano para a Nação», que seria publicada em 1974. Depois do 25 de Abril foi Secretário de Estado dos Negócios Estrangeiros do VI Governo Provisório (1975-1976) e Ministro dos Negócios Estrangeiros do I Governo Constitucional (1976/77) e deputado à Assembleia Constituinte (1975-1976), à Assembleia da República (1976-1980; 1985-1987; 1995-2005) e ao Parlamento Europeu (1987). Foi membro da Comissão Política do Partido Socialista. Em Fevereiro de 2006 demitiu-se dos lugares que ocupava na Comissão Política e na Comissão Nacional do PS.
Foi investigador do Instituto de História Contemporânea (IHC-FCSH/UNL) e membro da Association Internationale de l'Histoire Contemporaine com sede em Estrasburgo, do Conselho Científico do Instituto Português de Relações Internacionais e do Conselho Superior de Defesa Nacional.
Teve colaboração em República, Expresso, Diário de Notícias, Tarde, Seara Nova, O Tempo e o Modo, etc. Autor de várias obras já publicadas na área das relações internacionais, dirigiu o VIII volume – Portugal em Transe – da História de Portugal de José Mattoso (1994). Tinha uma coluna semanal no Diário de Notícias e era co-autor do blogue http://bichos-carpinteiros.blogspot.com.
Faleceu, em Lisboa, a 18 de Março de 2014.

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16 reviews4 followers
May 7, 2025
A fascinating in-depth essay on developments following the Carnation Revolution, particularly the role of the military, political parties and key figures. I found the intra-party dynamics interesting and how central the role of the armed forces was to the decolonisation of the Portuguese territories in Africa. There is also a nice series of colour photographs of 25 April at the end of the book.
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