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Should We Maximize Utility?
Utilitarianism directs us to act in ways that impartially maximize welfare or utility or at least aim to do that. Some find this view highly compelling. Others object that it has intuitively repugnant results; that it condones evildoing and injustice; that it is excessively imposing and controlling; that it is alienating; and that it fails to offer meaningful practical guidance.
In this ‘Little Debates’ volume, James Lenman argues that utilitarianism’s directive to improve the whole universe on a cosmic time scale is apt to lead it down a path of imperious moral overreach. The project, he further maintains, ultimately shipwrecks on an extreme lack of epistemic humility in framing the determinants of what is morally right and wrong beyond the limits of what we can ever hope to know. Utilitarianism thus leaves us morally clueless. In contrast, Ben Bramble seeks to develop and defend an original form of utilitarianism, less vulnerable than other, more familiar versions to a number of important objections, including those raised by Lenman. He aims to avoid such unappealing results by presenting it as a claim about what we have the most reason to do, and not as a theory of right action, which Bramble urges we should understand quite differently by reference to what would motivate virtuous people.
Key
Focuses on one of the dominant ethical theories debated by moral philosophers today Clearly written, free of jargon and technicality, and highly accessible to students Addresses questions of great importance to anyone wishing to grow in understanding of human moral life Provides a glossary of key terms highlighted in bold as well as a bibliography for further reading Important issues discussed welfare; value; right action; virtue; impartiality; obligations to non-human animals; the badness of human extinction; the happiness of future people; the ethics of climate change; the long term future; and the moral significance of the limits to what we can know.
In this ‘Little Debates’ volume, James Lenman argues that utilitarianism’s directive to improve the whole universe on a cosmic time scale is apt to lead it down a path of imperious moral overreach. The project, he further maintains, ultimately shipwrecks on an extreme lack of epistemic humility in framing the determinants of what is morally right and wrong beyond the limits of what we can ever hope to know. Utilitarianism thus leaves us morally clueless. In contrast, Ben Bramble seeks to develop and defend an original form of utilitarianism, less vulnerable than other, more familiar versions to a number of important objections, including those raised by Lenman. He aims to avoid such unappealing results by presenting it as a claim about what we have the most reason to do, and not as a theory of right action, which Bramble urges we should understand quite differently by reference to what would motivate virtuous people.
Key
Focuses on one of the dominant ethical theories debated by moral philosophers today Clearly written, free of jargon and technicality, and highly accessible to students Addresses questions of great importance to anyone wishing to grow in understanding of human moral life Provides a glossary of key terms highlighted in bold as well as a bibliography for further reading Important issues discussed welfare; value; right action; virtue; impartiality; obligations to non-human animals; the badness of human extinction; the happiness of future people; the ethics of climate change; the long term future; and the moral significance of the limits to what we can know.
- GenresPhilosophy
242 pages, Paperback
Published March 28, 2025
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July 25, 2025
I like the idea of this 'debate' book format to examine both sides of a controversial view, and this one was very will written with clear introductions to the views, and convincing arguments as to their strengths and weaknesses. Coming in as a utilitarian myself I was slightly biased, and for the most part I really liked the person-affecting, reasons utilitarianism presented here, though I did worry that it started diverging too far from the standard utilitarianism. But the other side didn't present an alternative fleshed out positive proposal and there's no reason to think that there wouldn't be just as many problems with it if there was. A nice introdcution for anyone wanting to clarify and shape their own thinking on utilitarianism, or even for those more familiar with the topic who are interested in some new perspectives.
Displaying 1 of 1 review