I due problemi fondamentali della teoria della conoscenza

by Karl Popper

I due problemi fondamentali della teoria della conoscenza ci apre le porte del pensiero di Karl R. un classico del Novecento, un volume che ha ridefinito i confini del sapere scientifico.

In questo suo studio essenziale, Karl R. Popper affronta due questioni cardinali che sottendono la teoria della il problema della demarcazione della scienza e quello dell'induzione, cioè l'idea che la ripetizione costante di un evento (per esempio il sole che sorge) ci consente di supporne la certezza scientifica. Popper si propone dunque di stabilire un criterio di distinzione tra scienza e non-scienza – tra proposizioni scientifiche e asserzioni metafisiche o pseudoscientifiche – e assieme di risolvere le falle dell'induzione, per lui non accettabile come metodo di conoscenza. In queste pagine Popper sovverte con lucidità e precisione analitica i principi tradizionali del sapere, proponendo la tesi rivoluzionaria secondo cui la scienza progredisce tramite la falsificabilità delle sue non accumulando verità definitive, ma attraverso un processo di tentativi ed errori, in cui le affermazioni sono continuamente messe alla prova e, se necessario, confutate.

Un'opera che dal cuore del secolo scorso non ha mai smesso di interrogarci, invitandoci a valutare criticamente tutto ciò che diamo per certo, soprattutto in un'epoca di informazioni sempre più complesse e spesso contrastanti.

813 pages, Kindle Edition

Published September 3, 2024

About the author

Sir Karl Raimund Popper, FRS, rose from a modest background as an assistant cabinet maker and school teacher to become one of the most influential theorists and leading philosophers. Popper commanded international audiences and conversation with him was an intellectual adventure—even if a little rough—animated by a myriad of philosophical problems. He contributed to a field of thought encompassing (among others) political theory, quantum mechanics, logic, scientific method and evolutionary theory.

Popper challenged some of the ruling orthodoxies of philosophy: logical positivism, Marxism, determinism and linguistic philosophy. He argued that there are no subject matters but only problems and our desire to solve them. He said that scientific theories cannot be verified but only tentatively refuted, and that the best philosophy is about profound problems, not word meanings. Isaiah Berlin rightly said that Popper produced one of the most devastating refutations of Marxism. Through his ideas Popper promoted a critical ethos, a world in which the give and take of debate is highly esteemed in the precept that we are all infinitely ignorant, that we differ only in the little bits of knowledge that we do have, and that with some co-operative effort we may get nearer to the truth.

Nearly every first-year philosophy student knows that Popper regarded his solutions to the problems of induction and the demarcation of science from pseudo-science as his greatest contributions. He is less known for the problems of verisimilitude, of probability (a life-long love of his), and of the relationship between the mind and body.

Popper was a Fellow of the Royal Society, Fellow of the British Academy, and Membre de I'Institute de France. He was an Honorary member of the Harvard Chapter of Phi Beta Kappa, and an Honorary Fellow of the London School of Economics, King's College London, and of Darwin College Cambridge. He was awarded prizes and honours throughout the world, including the Austrian Grand Decoration of Honour in Gold, the Lippincott Award of the American Political Science Association, and the Sonning Prize for merit in work which had furthered European civilization.

Karl Popper was knighted by Queen Elizabeth II in 1965 and invested by her with the Insignia of a Companion of Honour in 1982.

(edited from http://www.tkpw.net/intro_popper/intr...)