The amount of material one could draw on for a book on feminist appropriations of the witch in popular culture, memory, and activism is considerable and could probably take up several volumes of academic texts. This much slimmer volume restricts itself to second wave feminism onwards and is arranged mostly thematically, which was probably a smart choice. Even so, the ground covered is almost exclusively North American, and while Kosmina makes the interesting claim the the early modern witch hunts are not as culturally present in Europe than America, it still only gives one side of the picture; the Macedonian-language film You Won’t Be Alone, for instance, would be an interesting comparandum to the closely coeval American films. Popular culture is also problematically equated almost entirely with film, plus a few books (and mostly with a certain set of seven books).
The revelation of this book will not be surprising to those familiar with the topic, but is nonetheless depressing: popular culture and activism have created and perpetuated an idea of witches and witch hunts that bears little resemblance to reality. It is striking how twentieth century feminist writers would just confidently make things up and be outraged, and how tightly these ideas have clung to the cultural imagination (though I found Kosmina’s account of how the myth of 9 million came about inadequate; it was a misinterpretation of the work of a nineteenth century German scholar who estimated the number to encompass people of all genders killed as witches across a thousand year span). I emerged from the book wishing that, for as potent and interesting engagement with these myths can be, feminists would finally stop misappropriating the memories of these women and men who were executed for no real reason at all.
Kosmina, however, seems to not know what she thinks. She points out how inaccurate the common narratives are, and how witch feminism is closely associated with pernicious movements and people like TERFs, but ends the book with the “we are the daughters of the witches you couldn’t burn” meme that she had previously criticized. Perhaps the most revealing statement was the non-academic aside that calling a witch an abortionist is the highest honor someone like her writing in 2023 could bestow, which reveals nothing more than Kosmina’s priorities as a twenty-first century American, untethered even to the view of persecuted women folk healers that it emerges from. Kosmina also shows a strange reluctance in some sections to criticize countries in the Global South, even those that, by her own account, continue to kill “witches” in the modern day; the reader is, however, treated to a mini-paragraph about how those awful colonialists called traditional practices witchcraft hundreds of years ago.
Overall, a study with some interesting interpretations, but there are better studies out there.