Gareth Gore’s “Opus” is an illuminating history of Opus Dei’s nearly 100 years of scandals and the challenges it faces today. As a financial journalist, Gore outlines how he uncovered the unusual funding sources and system of shell companies behind this influential conservative extremist sect of Catholicism. Beyond the financial background, he shares how the group gained adherents in Spain during Franco’s dictatorship and how the movement gained intensity and strove for legitimacy as it expanded around the globe.
Opus Dei initially started as a way for ordinary lay Catholics to have dignity in their work and rise to everyday holiness and sainthood without needing to be ordained as a member of the clergy. However, the group quickly became overwhelmed by its own hierarchy, far-right political ideology, secrecy, and adoration of the founder. Throughout its history, Opus Dei has faced allegations of alignment with fascist totalitarian regimes (various members of Franco’s cabinet), abuse (physical, sexual, spiritual) of its members, cult-like group dynamics, grooming of minors, human trafficking of domestic workers, alignment with the Heritage Foundation’s Project 2025 and the anti-gay National Organization for Marriage, and initiatives including banning of contraception and abortion, in favor of instilling ultraconservative Catholic theocracies around the world.
Opus Dei members believe they are personally called by god with a vocation to do what they say is “The Work” to serve the cause and literally strive every day to become saints and to recruit others (often friends and family members) to join. This has an odd fit within traditional Catholicism, falling somewhere in between lay ordinary Catholics and ordained clergy. If you’re in Opus Dei, you likely have the mindset that you are chosen to a higher calling than a regular run-of-the-mill parishioner. This holier-than-thou mindset and intensely obsessive religious fervor colors the foreground of their lives, far beyond the typical lived faith of normal devout Catholics. Although most Opus Dei members live and work “in society”, they live highly pressured personal lives. They live in scrupulous daily anxiety of running afoul of doing something to jeopardize their sainthood, whether it’s reading or viewing something on their media blacklists, or inadvertently doing something naughty they might need to share up the chain of command with their spiritual director. Throughout their impossible quest for personal perfection, members are directed to live in obedience and subservience, with catchphrases to “mortify” themselves for Christ, “make a sacrifice” or “offer it up” to suppress their personal problems and suffering to remain faithful to the cause. Unfortunately the sacrifices that are offered up the most by members are their own time, their own money, and their own personal relationships.
The organization requires an intense time commitment from its members to ensure obedience and adherence, referred to as “The Plan of Life”. This is habitually ingrained each morning with a commitment for members to say “Serviam” (or “I will serve” in Latin) and ends
each day with an examination of conscience to personally review any unsaintly activities they may have committed during the day. It is required for all members to have multiple hours a day spent in a combination of personal reflection, Mass, rosary, Eucharistic adoration, confession, and reading from texts written by the founder. The primary text is audaciously called “The Way”. Members each report to a senior member for regular spiritual direction on a bi-weekly basis called a “fraternal chat”, where they report on their activities from the period and can receive “fraternal corrections” to ensure they stay in line. Members also need to attend a certain amount of monthly events called “The Circle” and “Mornings/Evenings of Recollection” in addition to required annual training retreats. Significant time is also often spent on recruitment activities, particularly targeting youth, spreading influence through schools, youth programs, and universities, often under front-names that hide their Opus Dei affiliations. This extreme time commitment in addition to the secrecy they are encouraged to maintain can isolate members from friends and family who are unaffiliated with Opus Dei and in turn, drive members further into the high-pressure group.
Opus Dei also requires members’ financial commitment. There are four levels of Opus Dei affiliation and depending on the level, each of them are expected to give some or all of their salaries to the cause. Celibate “Numeraries” live in sex-segregated lodgings called “Centers” provided by Opus Dei and in turn work in various professions and give 100% of their pay to Opus Dei. Their controversial domestic workers are named “Numerary Assistants” who live with and serve the Numeraries at “the Center” in whatever country they are assigned by Opus Dei, and these assistants also give 100% back to Opus Dei… or sometimes more efficiently, just aren’t paid at all, raising concerns of modern slavery and human trafficking. How Opus Dei gets wealthy on the back of this unpaid labor makes a mockery of their beliefs about the sanctity of work. The category of “Supernumeraries” who are typically married individuals with large families living and working outside the Center are expected to give 10% or treat Opus Dei like an extra child. Semi-affiliated “Cooperators” are not technically in Opus Dei but are expected to give support through prayer… but also of course, in addition to monetary contributions. Beyond the funding extracted from its members’ salaries, until recently Opus Dei was also funded by a group of minority owners in the now-defunct Spanish bank “Banco Popular” who as Gore investigated directed millions of funds from the bank to the organization. As this source of funding dried up, it is now also largely funded through elite mega-donor ideologues in the United States.
Despite various criticisms from inside the Catholic Church, Opus Dei rose to magisterial legitimacy especially due to investing in the targeting of recruits from elite universities who gained influence in the church over time and through an ideological alignment and currying favor with Pope John Paul II, who granted Opus Dei a unique special status of “Personal Prelature”. Opus Dei’s founder and subsequent “Prelate” successors took advantage of the process to become a saint so that the founder Josemaria Escriva is literally canonized in the framework of the Church. This increased the cult-like reverence of the founder among its members, and unfortunately, Opus Dei can use this church endorsement as legitimacy to recruit further Catholics away from their parishes and into the influence of Opus Dei.
However, despite its successful worldwide growth, Opus Dei’s “church within a church” hierarchy and its extreme views appear to be losing favor among many Catholics, and prior to his death Pope Francis started issuing decrees to begin disbanding the insular hierarchy. As noted in the Afterward, “In September 2024, federal prosecutors in Argentina formally accused Opus Dei of human trafficking and other serious crimes linked to its recruitment and exploitation of numerary assistants. The charges followed a two-year investigation into the claims brought by a group of forty-three women.” As Opus Dei faces these various international lawsuits and charges of human trafficking, we await to see what actions Pope Leo will take. Gore concludes, “it is looking increasingly likely that Opus Dei will be forced to undertake radical changes. Victims, who have been calling for reform for decades, are finally being heard.” It remains an open question whether secular authorities or church hierarchy will be forced to step in first.