“The Gift of the Magi”
The story of Della and Jim, a married couple struggling to make ends meet. Each sells his most valuable belonging to buy a Christmas present for the other. Della sells her beautiful long brown hair for twenty dollars, and Jim sells his watch, which has been in his family for three generations. Each buys a present intended to enhance the beauty of the other’s most valued possession: Della buys Jim a beautiful fob for his watch, and Jim buys Della a pair of jeweled tortoise-shell combs—but they do so with the money they make from selling their most prized possessions. The result is a comic, and heartwarming, predicament in which each possesses an accessory that’s designed to highlight the beauty of their recently sold greatest treasures without having those treasures themselves. Despite the irony of their exchange, Jim and Della prove their love for one another by sacrificing their dearest possession for the sake of anther.
“The Cop and the Anthem”
The story of Soapy, a homeless man living in New York city just before the onset of winter. Soapy is too proud to take up residence under the wing of the local charitable institutions and wishes to spend three harshest months of winter in the cozy warmth of a prison cell. He tries to get himself arrested several times, harassing a woman, eating at a restaurant without paying his bill, stealing a man’s umbrella, disturbing the public peace, breaking a shop window with a stone—but each attempt at self-incarceration concludes with an ironic twist: the woman he harasses turns out to be a prostitute; the restaurant owners merely kick him out; the umbrella he steals appears to have been stolen by the man whom Soapy steals it from, so that the former allows Soapy to take it; the cop who witnesses Soapy’s ruckus mistakes him for a Yalie “celebratin’ the goose egg they give to the Hartford College”; and the police refuses to believe that unruffled Soapy broke the shop window. The final irony comes at the end of the story, when Soapy overhears the titular anthem being played in a church—an anthem that he recognizes and associates with his younger days of family happiness and innocence. The anthem spurs a moral conversion in him, inspiring him to quit his life of voluntary vagrancy and get a proper job. Yet, at the moment he resolves to lead a better life, he is stopped by a cop for loitering, after which he is sentenced to three months in prison. A hilarious little story—and a possible critique of the inefficacy of New York City law enforcement at the turn of the century.
“The Duplicity of Hargraves”
Major Talbot and his daughter Lydia, natives of Alabama, move into a respectable, if humble, Washington boarding house. Major Talbot embodies the aristocratic values of the “old, old South.” He spends most of his time reminiscing about the old regime and writing a memoir about his life in the antebellum South—a memoir inflected by the old-fashioned prejudices of his times. Nearly seventy, he is entirely out of touch with the modern world, which he finds incredibly vulgar—a figure of the dispossessed Southerner too proud to acknowledge his fall from power after the war and without money. His daughter Lydia informs him that soon they will run out of money and be unable to pay the following month’s rent. Also living in their Washington boarding house is a vaudeville actor by the name of Henry Hopkins Hargraves. Hargraves is fascinated by Major’s Talbot’s quaint manners and anecdotes, and the two strikes up an unlikely friendship, in which Hargraves listens to Major Talbot’s recollections at length. Unwilling to face the harsh reality of his pecuniary situation, Major Talbot buys tickets to a war drama for him and his daughter, a play by the name of “A Magnolia Flowers.” There they are stunned to find Hargraves impersonating Major Talbot’s mannerisms in the role of a Colonel Calhoun. Talbot is infuriated, though his daughter can’t help but laughing during the performance. The following day, when Hargraves goes to visit Talbot for their daily talk, the latter scolds the actor for his impertinence and dragging him “through the slanderous mire of a corrupt stage.” Hargraves says that he meant no offense and offers the Major several hundred dollars for helping him to develop his role as Colonel Calhoun. Talbot refuses and dismisses Hargraves. It’s after this that Hargraves resorts to his eponymous “duplicity,” when he pretends to be an old black servant of the Talbot family—one who had borrowed some colts many years ago and agreed to repay him for them in the future if possible. Immensely moved, Talbot accepts three hundred dollars from Hargraves—disguised in blackface as “Uncle Mose.” Hargraves becomes immensely successful in New York City’s theater scene for his performances in “A Magnolia Calhoun.” He writes Lydia a note in which he tells her of his success—and, in the story’s twist ending, reveals that it was he, as Uncle Mose, who gave the Talbots the money they needed to pay their bills. Lydia, of course, keeps Hargraves stunt a secret from the Talbot, who continues living in the past. Another charming story with the inevitable twist ending—and a gentle satire on the elderly and dispossessed antebellum aristocrat at the turn of the century.
“The Ransom of Red Chief”
The narrator and his accomplice Bill are two conmen, who need two thousand dollars in order to pull of “a fraudulent town-lot scheme in Western Illinois.” The story is set in a small Alabama town, where the narrator and Bill plan to hold the red-headed ten-year-old son of one of the city’s most prominent citizens (the mortgage fancier Ebenezer Dorset) for ransom. The Dorset kid, Johnny, is incredibly rambunctious and hyper. When the narrator and Bill take him to a mountainside cave, they begin to regret their decision. He chatters endlessly and repeatedly tried to make the narrator and Bill play with him. He adopts the persona of the eponymous Red Chief and annoys the hell out of both men, frequently injuring Bill. The narrator drafts a ransom note for fifteen hundred dollars—five hundred less than the originally intended two thousand, after Bill tells the narrator that no one in their right mind would pay two thousand dollars to take Johnny in. They send the ransom note to Mr. Dorset and—here’s the inevitable twist— sends back a counter-ransom note, in which he agrees to take his son back if they pay him two hundred and fifty dollars. Irritated beyond measure and nearly losing their sanity, they take Johnny back to his father’s house and pay the ransom of two hundred fifty dollars. The classic story of dim-witted crooks beaten by the incorrigibly mischievous youngster, a story with origins in the picaresque.
“The Last Leaf”
This is the story of three artists living in the Greenwich village art distract during a time of rampant pneumonia—two female friends, Sue and Joanna, sharing an apartment; and an old Dutch painter, Mr. Behrman, who live on the ground floor beneath them. Sue and Joanna decided to share an apartment after discovering their mutual interest in art, and Mr. Behrman is an alcoholic and failed painter who despite decades of painting has never manages to produce the masterpiece he dreams of making. Joanna contracts pneumonia toward the beginning of the story and gets this idea that she will die when the last leaf on a vine on the brick building outside of her bedroom window falls. She counts the falling leaves, one by one. Sue begins to worry for Joanna, especially after the doctor (a comic figure) warns her that she only has a small chance left to live, begin determined to die. One day Sue invites Mr. Behrman upstairs to paint him as a hermit-miner and tells him about Joanna. Mr. Behrman criticizes the silliness of Joanna’s conviction that she will die with the last leaf. The following day, after a terrible storm, a single leaf still appears to be on the vine outside Joanna’s window. This boosts Joanna’s morale, and the invalid interprets this as a sign that she is meant to get well again. Joanna regains hope in life and hopes to paint the Bay of Naples one day. Soon after, it is discovered that Mr. Behrman dies of pneumonia. Sue realizes that (and here’s the inevitable twist) he painted the last leaf on the vine and tells Joanna: “Didn’t you wonder why it never fluttered or moved when the wind blew? Ah, darling. It’s Berhman’s masterpiece—he painted it the night that the last leaf fell.” A heartwarming story about how an act of kindness can be one of the most meaningful expressions of personal creativity.
“The Third Ingredient”
Set in the Vallambrosa apartment house, this is the story of three people brought together by what initially appears to be their shared poverty. At the beginning of the story, Hetty Pepper is fired from her department store job for failing to objecting to being sexually harassed by her boss. She goes home and prepares to make a beef stew, but finds that she has neither potatoes or onions. A girl in the hallway, a struggling artist named Cecilia, happens to have some potatoes, and Pepper invites her over, suggesting that she contribute her potatoes to the soup. Still a crucial third ingredient, the obligatory inion, is lacking. At Pepper’s apartment, Cecilia beings crying and tells Pepper of how she tried drowning herself by jumping off of a ferry but was ultimately saved by a man. Pepper walks out into the hallway where she sees a man with an onion. She asks him to contribute his inion to the soup and join them for dinner. He enters and—surprise, surprise—he turns out to be the man who rescued Cecilia from drowning on the ferry.
“Conscience in Art”
The narrator relates the story of Jeff Peters and Andy Tucker, two men who swindle a Pittsburg millionaire out of two thousand five hundred dollars. Jeff is generally honest, and doesn’t like taking things from others unless he has something to give them back. Andy, we learn, has “too much imagination to be honest.” The two toil in the business of making headache powder and roach destroyer. One day Andy decides that he and Jeff should defraud a Pittsburg Millionaire. The men journey to Pittsburg, where Andy meets Scudder, a parvenu who made a fortune in oil and is trying to move up in society by cultivating his appreciation for art and literature. Scudder befriends Andy, and the former shows him a two-thousand-year-old Egyptian ivory carving, a lotus flower with a woman’s face carved into it. It was one of two that an ancient Egyptian carver made for Ramses II. Andy tells Jeff that he found the other in a pawn shop, and asks Jeff to impersonate an art professor and sell him the matching carving for a high price. Jeff agrees, and Scudder buys the carving for two thousand dollars from the supposed art professor. After the sell, Andy tells Jeff that they need to leave town quickly. He reveals that the carving Jeff stole was one and the same with Scudder’s carving, which Andy stole when Scudder was showing him his collections. The twist here is that the man who hoodwinked Scudder out of his money was himself hoodwinked into doing so—“out of respect for that conscience of yours.” A comic story of ethical scrupulosity (and its absence)—and a parody of American new money desperate for cultural capital.
“The Caballero’s Way”
This story introduces the infamous Cisco Kid, the eponymous caballero, in the American mythology of the Wild West. The Cisco Kid—named Goodall, apparently—kills men for whatever reason he thinks fit. He kills Mexicans “to see them kick.” He is the overlord of the arid borderland between Texas and Mexico. We are told in the beginning of his half-Mexican girlfriend, Tonia Perez—who’s described as part Madonna, part Carmen, part hummingbird. In an attempt to catch the Cisco Kid and put an end to his murderous rampages, Lieutenant Sandridge consults his girlfriend Tonia, asking her questions about the infamous Cisco Kid. Tonia and the lieutenant strike up an amour, and the former asks the lieutenant to surround the camp when the Kid comes so they can kill him. She herself is frightened of the Kid and wants him dead. The lieutenant agrees and leaves, not knowing that Cisco, who had been hiding behind some trees, overheard their entire conversation. When the Kid finally returns back to his girlfriend, he pretends that he didn’t hear anything and embraces Tonia as usual. But he soon implements a vengeful plot: he sends a note to the lieutenant pretending to be Tonia, in which Kid-as-Tonia warns the lieutenant that the Kid is growing suspicious of a plot against him and will test her loyalty by having them switch clothes the following morning to see if she was planning to have him killed. The lieutenant rides over the next morning and shoots the figure clad in Tonia’s clothes, who he assumes to be the Kid. Later he soon discovers his error, when he is informed that the forged letter was written by the Kid himself. But by this point the Kid has ridden coolly off into the distance, whistling with a kind of mythic nonchalance.
“Makes the Whole World Kin”
The title of this story comes from Shakespeare’s Troilus and Cressida: “One touch of nature makes the whole world kin.” The idea being that, despite all our differences, when our common humanity if foregrounded our shared human nature brings us all together. O. Henry offers a comic illustration of this theme. Here’s the story of a burglar who befriends the man he initially intends to steal from after learning that the latter, like him, suffers from a bad case of rheumatoid arthritis. After finding him in his bed, the burglar asks his victim to lift up his hands, but the latter can only life one of them up, due to his arthritis. In a moment of absurd comedy, the burglar realizes that his unoccupied hand (he has a gun in the other) is also burdened with arthritis and won’t move so he can steal the things on the victim’s table. The two get into a lengthy exchange comparing the different remedies they’ve used to try to cure their incorrigible rheumatism. The story finishes with (and here’s the quintessential plot twist) the burglar inviting the victim out for a drink, on him.