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A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It
A Thousand Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It is the story of Paul Kagame, a refugee who, after a generation of exile, found his way home. Learn about President Kagame, who strives to make Rwanda the first middle-income country in Africa, in a single generation. In this adventurous tale, learn about Kagame’s early fascination with Che Guevara and James Bond, his years as an intelligence agent, his training in Cuba and the United States, the way he built his secret rebel army, his bloody rebellion, and his outsized ambitions for Rwanda.
410 pages, Hardcover
First published January 1, 2008
110 people are currently reading
2326 people want to read
About the author
Stephen Kinzer
29 books775 followersStephen Kinzer is an award-winning foreign correspondent who has covered more than 50 countries on five continents. His articles and books have led the Washington Post to place him "among the best in popular foreign policy storytelling." (source)
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Displaying 1 - 30 of 115 reviews
August 31, 2018
A Thousand Hills is a biography about Paul Kagame, a refugee who after a generation of exile found his way home. In this highly readable book, we learn about how Kagame became president and strived to make Rwanda the first middle income country in Africa in the 1990’s.
Kagame’s family fled Rwanda in the late 1960’s after an outbreak of violence directed at the Tutsi community, and the overthrow of the Tutsi monarchy. The Hutu government was installed. Kinzer investigates the history of Rawanda and the forces that divided the Tutsi and Hutu people from colonial times under Belgium. Paul Kagame’s life is explored and the forces leading up to the genocide. Rwanda suffered unspeakable atrocities, which many countries, the UN, the US under Clinton, France and many western nations did little to alleviate.
It was extremely interesting to learn about Kagame’s fascination with Che Guevara and James Bond, his training as an intelligent agent, and training in Cuba and the United States. We learn about how he built his secret rebel army, his rebellion and ambitions for Rwanda. The author gives a good analysis of Kagame but also reports on his authoritarian excesses and violent and repressive techniques used to stay in power. This is a narration of a country with a guided democracy and state led growth and development and a central figure of a man who led it. He is pushing the country for them to rise out of poverty and be responsible people.
This was a very worthwhile read to learn about this period of time and about the people from this small African nation and what they went through and their climb out of poverty.
Kagame’s family fled Rwanda in the late 1960’s after an outbreak of violence directed at the Tutsi community, and the overthrow of the Tutsi monarchy. The Hutu government was installed. Kinzer investigates the history of Rawanda and the forces that divided the Tutsi and Hutu people from colonial times under Belgium. Paul Kagame’s life is explored and the forces leading up to the genocide. Rwanda suffered unspeakable atrocities, which many countries, the UN, the US under Clinton, France and many western nations did little to alleviate.
It was extremely interesting to learn about Kagame’s fascination with Che Guevara and James Bond, his training as an intelligent agent, and training in Cuba and the United States. We learn about how he built his secret rebel army, his rebellion and ambitions for Rwanda. The author gives a good analysis of Kagame but also reports on his authoritarian excesses and violent and repressive techniques used to stay in power. This is a narration of a country with a guided democracy and state led growth and development and a central figure of a man who led it. He is pushing the country for them to rise out of poverty and be responsible people.
This was a very worthwhile read to learn about this period of time and about the people from this small African nation and what they went through and their climb out of poverty.
July 30, 2009
I saw Stephen Kinzer talk a couple of times at my school. He was really interesting. I came across his latest book in my school library, and decided to read it. The way that he writes is very easy to understand, and the story kept me interested. I understand that Mr. Kinzer spent many hours with Paul Kagame, the president of Rwanda, and therefore he has a personal opinion of the man. The one thing that made me a bit uncomfortable with this book though, was that I was able to feel the bias towards Kagame throughout the story. There have been some very serious allegations against Mr. Kagame and his regime in Rwanda, and while I would expect him to justify his actions, I didn't really understand why Kinzer kept justifying his actions. When it was obvious that there were no justifications for Kagame's actions, it felt like Kinzer glossed over the situations, or tried to rationalize the behavior. Other than that though, the story is fascinating, and I look forward to the future for Rwandans.
May 21, 2009
This book has opened my mind possibly more than any other book! Partly due to my extreme ignorance on Rwanda but also due to Kinzer's well-researched, well-written style. Not only did I learn about Rwanda, the genocide, Paul Kangame and his part in the rebirth of Rwanda, but I also learned about how specific world leaders, countries, the U.N. and even the Catholic Church played a part in the genocide. More and more I lament the lack of world news that we are given in the U.S. (without having to dig for it). At the time of the genocide, all we heard about was the O.J. Simpson murder trial! How out of balance are we?! This is a must-read for everyone!!
June 19, 2022
"Maybe we don't do it just the way Singapore or Malaysia or South Korea did it. But if those people made it - people with whom we had the same level of economic development some few decades back - why can't we do it? Why should we be known for being poor or for killing each other? Has God cursed us? Is it what we deserve? Can't we do things differently? Is there something wrong with us, compared to others who are developed?"
- Paul Kagame
The above quote starts a book that is both a reflection of Rwanda - through its history to the heart-wrenching tragedy of 1994 and beyond, and a reflection of Kagame - "the disciplined, austere and solitary commander" whose anger and passion have left such a remarkable print on the nation and the world. To me, and for the most part, that print is positive. But then again, my opinion is formed from books read, and videos watched. I've not been to Rwanda YET.
Beyond a recap of Rwanda's genocide, and the many events around it (most of my lessons and takeaways from the book are from these episodes). This book stands out to me as a catalyst for Africans - from any nation - who are tired of the status quo and bear a fiery passion to change it.
- Paul Kagame
The above quote starts a book that is both a reflection of Rwanda - through its history to the heart-wrenching tragedy of 1994 and beyond, and a reflection of Kagame - "the disciplined, austere and solitary commander" whose anger and passion have left such a remarkable print on the nation and the world. To me, and for the most part, that print is positive. But then again, my opinion is formed from books read, and videos watched. I've not been to Rwanda YET.
Beyond a recap of Rwanda's genocide, and the many events around it (most of my lessons and takeaways from the book are from these episodes). This book stands out to me as a catalyst for Africans - from any nation - who are tired of the status quo and bear a fiery passion to change it.
July 29, 2014
This was such a powerful, moving novel that particularly focused on Paul Kigame and his ability to pull Rwanda away from its horrible past of genocide and endeavor to propel it into the most successful country in Africa.
The atrocities that this country has suffered, while many including the USA under Clinton, allowed to happen are beyond belief and would fill anyone with rage and hatred. Amazingly, the surviving Rwandans, many of them refugees, are diligently working on building their country as well as pursuing a somewhat religious road to forgiveness and understanding. It is a constant struggle for the Rwandans and one that their president is keenly aware of. He is pushing them to be successful to rise up out of poverty and to make themselves responsible for not only themselves but for their country as well.
If this country succeeds and one can only hope and pray it does, it will be because of the willingness and determination of the people to work, to build, and to move forward to a life that will be a shining example to those who believe that it is only through working together and that means all people working, that life can be made better and all people will be successful.
Paul Kigame seems to be their hope, although the feelings of genocide are not really ever forgotten, many in this tiny African nation have been able to push this aside and pick up the reins of success and finally peace not only for their country but for themselves as well.
The atrocities that this country has suffered, while many including the USA under Clinton, allowed to happen are beyond belief and would fill anyone with rage and hatred. Amazingly, the surviving Rwandans, many of them refugees, are diligently working on building their country as well as pursuing a somewhat religious road to forgiveness and understanding. It is a constant struggle for the Rwandans and one that their president is keenly aware of. He is pushing them to be successful to rise up out of poverty and to make themselves responsible for not only themselves but for their country as well.
If this country succeeds and one can only hope and pray it does, it will be because of the willingness and determination of the people to work, to build, and to move forward to a life that will be a shining example to those who believe that it is only through working together and that means all people working, that life can be made better and all people will be successful.
Paul Kigame seems to be their hope, although the feelings of genocide are not really ever forgotten, many in this tiny African nation have been able to push this aside and pick up the reins of success and finally peace not only for their country but for themselves as well.
July 24, 2016
A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It, is a biographical look at Rwanda's recent history from the perspective of Paul Kagame, the authoritarian leader of Rwanda. Kagame's family fled Rwanda in the late '60's after an outbreak of violence directed at the Tutsi community in Rwanda, which led to the overthrow of the Tutsi monarchy and the installation of a Hutu political system. Kagame grew up in Uganda, attending school there and eventually fighting with Musevini's forces as they overthrew the Uganada's Idi Amin. Kagame recieved training in military intelligence, and became a veteran guerilla fighter. Kagame used his position in the Ugandan military to infiltrate Rwandan Tutsi soldiers into the army, allowing him to launch his 1990's invasion of Rwanda with the backing of his cadre's within Uganda.
Kagame launched the invasion in order to remove the Hutu dominated political party in Rwanda, and did so as the rumblings of genocide were beginning to take hold in Rwanda itself. The dictator of Rwanda, President Habyarimana, began to support the radical Hutu factions within his party, and allow the creation of Hutu militias that were armed and directed by the armed forces of Rwanda. Kagame's RPF forces initially struggled to gain ground, but soon became an effective fighting force as they gained military experience and continued support from Uganda. As the genocide began, and the UN and international community dragged their feet, Kagame's RPF breached its recent ceasefire agreement with the Rwandan forces and pushed toward Kigali. The RPF succeeded, but Hutu Interhambwe militias and extremist elements of the government had succeeded in killing over a million Tutsi in an attempted genocide. As RPF forces marched into Kigali, 10% of Rwandas population had been killed, and 30% had fled for fear of Tutsi reprisals.
Kagame thus inherited a desolate country, with corpses littering the streets of Kigali and entire communities empty; either they had been killed or fled. Former Hutu forces remained on the Rwandan border, with international military support from France. These forces took control of the refugee camps filled with Hutu refugees, and used them as springboards to launch guerilla attacks and massacres within Rwanda. Kagame used this threat as a pretext to invade Zaire (the DRC) and overthrow Mobuto Sese Seko, the long reigning dictator of Zaire and ally of the Interhambwe militias. Kigali was successful in its mission, and established a new dictator, Kabila, in his stead. Kabila quickly fell out with his Rwandan allies, and began to court the former Hutu administration within eastern DRC. Kagame would have none of this, and launched a second invasion. Kabila Sr. was eventually assassinated, and his son Joseph Kabila, took power.
Kagame also wished to consolidate RPF control in Rwanda, and idolized the successes of authoritarian regimes in Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as the "Asian Tigers" progressed rapidly and with little regard for western customs. Kagame was largely successful, stunting political opposition and making leaps and bounds in terms of economic growth. His methods were far from conventional. People were assassinated or purged, civil rights disrupted, media freedom was clamped, and Hutu and Tutsi refugees from the Congo and Tanzania forcefully repatriated. The economy grew in leaps and bounds, but issues of poverty still remain. Demographic concerns such as overpopulation also exist. Kagame is also still skeptical about an international community who allowed genocide to take place in the world once again, and in the case of France, actively supported it.
Kinzer's account of Kagame and Rwanda is interesting. He is largely glowing in his analysis of Kagame, but does not fear to report on his authoritarian excesses and the many violent and repressive techniques used by the RPF to retain power. Kinzer's account of the genocide is harrowing, as it would be, and he spares little detail. Kinzer is also dismissive of the International community, and the way they allowed a genocide to occur again, only a few decades after the horrors of WWII. Kagame's story is interesting, and for those who are fascinated by guided democracy and state-led growth, A Thousand Hills offers the story of one of the modern worlds main proponents of these systems. A Thousand Hills is not a perfect story, as much of the nitty-gritty's on how these development is taking place, and the political and economic indicators behind it, are left out. Even so, Kinzer's account of the Genocide and the subsequent wars and development in and around Rwanda, and the central figure throughout all of this, Paul Kagame, is fascinating stuff. Recommended for those interested in Rwandan history, studying the genocide, and state led development/authoritarianism. This was a great account on Rwandan history, and as Kigali's star continues to rise, a timely account on one of the most promising developmental states in Southern Africa.
Kagame launched the invasion in order to remove the Hutu dominated political party in Rwanda, and did so as the rumblings of genocide were beginning to take hold in Rwanda itself. The dictator of Rwanda, President Habyarimana, began to support the radical Hutu factions within his party, and allow the creation of Hutu militias that were armed and directed by the armed forces of Rwanda. Kagame's RPF forces initially struggled to gain ground, but soon became an effective fighting force as they gained military experience and continued support from Uganda. As the genocide began, and the UN and international community dragged their feet, Kagame's RPF breached its recent ceasefire agreement with the Rwandan forces and pushed toward Kigali. The RPF succeeded, but Hutu Interhambwe militias and extremist elements of the government had succeeded in killing over a million Tutsi in an attempted genocide. As RPF forces marched into Kigali, 10% of Rwandas population had been killed, and 30% had fled for fear of Tutsi reprisals.
Kagame thus inherited a desolate country, with corpses littering the streets of Kigali and entire communities empty; either they had been killed or fled. Former Hutu forces remained on the Rwandan border, with international military support from France. These forces took control of the refugee camps filled with Hutu refugees, and used them as springboards to launch guerilla attacks and massacres within Rwanda. Kagame used this threat as a pretext to invade Zaire (the DRC) and overthrow Mobuto Sese Seko, the long reigning dictator of Zaire and ally of the Interhambwe militias. Kigali was successful in its mission, and established a new dictator, Kabila, in his stead. Kabila quickly fell out with his Rwandan allies, and began to court the former Hutu administration within eastern DRC. Kagame would have none of this, and launched a second invasion. Kabila Sr. was eventually assassinated, and his son Joseph Kabila, took power.
Kagame also wished to consolidate RPF control in Rwanda, and idolized the successes of authoritarian regimes in Singapore, Taiwan, South Korea and Malaysia as the "Asian Tigers" progressed rapidly and with little regard for western customs. Kagame was largely successful, stunting political opposition and making leaps and bounds in terms of economic growth. His methods were far from conventional. People were assassinated or purged, civil rights disrupted, media freedom was clamped, and Hutu and Tutsi refugees from the Congo and Tanzania forcefully repatriated. The economy grew in leaps and bounds, but issues of poverty still remain. Demographic concerns such as overpopulation also exist. Kagame is also still skeptical about an international community who allowed genocide to take place in the world once again, and in the case of France, actively supported it.
Kinzer's account of Kagame and Rwanda is interesting. He is largely glowing in his analysis of Kagame, but does not fear to report on his authoritarian excesses and the many violent and repressive techniques used by the RPF to retain power. Kinzer's account of the genocide is harrowing, as it would be, and he spares little detail. Kinzer is also dismissive of the International community, and the way they allowed a genocide to occur again, only a few decades after the horrors of WWII. Kagame's story is interesting, and for those who are fascinated by guided democracy and state-led growth, A Thousand Hills offers the story of one of the modern worlds main proponents of these systems. A Thousand Hills is not a perfect story, as much of the nitty-gritty's on how these development is taking place, and the political and economic indicators behind it, are left out. Even so, Kinzer's account of the Genocide and the subsequent wars and development in and around Rwanda, and the central figure throughout all of this, Paul Kagame, is fascinating stuff. Recommended for those interested in Rwandan history, studying the genocide, and state led development/authoritarianism. This was a great account on Rwandan history, and as Kigali's star continues to rise, a timely account on one of the most promising developmental states in Southern Africa.
March 31, 2023
The Rwanda Genocide occurred from April to July of 1994. Around half a million people (possibly more) identifying as Tutsi (as well as some Twa and Hutu that were sympathetic) were murdered by Hutu militias. There were also a lot who were injured horrifically from machete attacks that were meant to kill but did not. There was a lot of sexual violence that occurred as well, to both women and children. A lot of this was brought about the civil war and ensuing power vacuum. The trauma that the country experienced was deep, and lasted far longer than the 100 days in which the genocide took place. Many are living with post traumatic stress as well as physical impairments from wounds.
I did a little googling while reading this book, and as recently as 2018, more mass graves were discovered. Two, in fact, were found near the Kigali Genocide Memorial. Scholarly estimates say around 600,000 people were killed, but many believe the number is closer to 800,000. It is terrible to think about these people laying in unidentified graves, their families not knowing what happened to them or where they are. Some are being identified through DNA efforts, and some from clothing remnants or personal effects. There are still visible effects from the genocide, such as bullet holes in buildings and physical scars on people, which serve as constant reminders of the horrors that so many faced.
The author of this book traveled all over Rwanda as a foreign correspondent. His efforts to convey the trauma of a people were done in a way that makes the reader understand the motives behind this genocide and the horrors the people lived through. I doubt a lot of us think about what it must take to recover from genocide, and focus on infrastructure. People often fix roads, power grids, and buildings as essential and visible signs of recovery. The political and governmental structures also must change, which is not something in the forefront of a lot of minds. Plus, how does the government handle thousands of people who have suffered and lost loved ones? The book was really well researched and well written, giving a decent picture of what Rwanda was like both pre and post genocide. There is a lot of information about key figures in Rwanda and their efforts to rebuild. This book is currently available on the Audible Plus catalog, which was nice because it was in my Wish List and this allowed me to use my credit on something else. I very much enjoyed this book, and it was a great compliment to the other books I have read on this subject. I am always happy to learn more.
I did a little googling while reading this book, and as recently as 2018, more mass graves were discovered. Two, in fact, were found near the Kigali Genocide Memorial. Scholarly estimates say around 600,000 people were killed, but many believe the number is closer to 800,000. It is terrible to think about these people laying in unidentified graves, their families not knowing what happened to them or where they are. Some are being identified through DNA efforts, and some from clothing remnants or personal effects. There are still visible effects from the genocide, such as bullet holes in buildings and physical scars on people, which serve as constant reminders of the horrors that so many faced.
The author of this book traveled all over Rwanda as a foreign correspondent. His efforts to convey the trauma of a people were done in a way that makes the reader understand the motives behind this genocide and the horrors the people lived through. I doubt a lot of us think about what it must take to recover from genocide, and focus on infrastructure. People often fix roads, power grids, and buildings as essential and visible signs of recovery. The political and governmental structures also must change, which is not something in the forefront of a lot of minds. Plus, how does the government handle thousands of people who have suffered and lost loved ones? The book was really well researched and well written, giving a decent picture of what Rwanda was like both pre and post genocide. There is a lot of information about key figures in Rwanda and their efforts to rebuild. This book is currently available on the Audible Plus catalog, which was nice because it was in my Wish List and this allowed me to use my credit on something else. I very much enjoyed this book, and it was a great compliment to the other books I have read on this subject. I am always happy to learn more.
March 4, 2022
I've read a few books about the Rwandan Genocide, but I find that most of them focus on the immediate period surrounding the events and don't provide a bigger picture history of Rwanda, or what happened afterward. This book provides a lot of context in a way that was very easy to read. It was also really fascinating to get the perspective of Paul Kagame, who is still President even a decade after this book was released. I don't think Kinzer would be surprised to know that when he was writing this book that Kagame would have the Constitution amended to allow him to run for a third term. This book does provide background into Kagame's thinking and provides some perspective on his ruling philosophy and asks the question, is a stern leader with authoritarian tendencies necessary to prevent Rwanda from slipping back into violence? Whether that answer is yes or no, it's fascinating to see the trajectory of his exile in Uganda, return to Rwanda, and the evolution of the country since the genocide. I would recommend this book to anyone interested in learning more about Rwanda beyond just what happened during the 90s. It's also a sobering look at the failures of democratic nations around the world and to see how obstinately wrong many of the Western actions were.
August 5, 2023
Final Rwanda read, ok clearly this author is bias towards Kagame because I guess I would be too if I wrote a book about someone who is known to make dissidents disappear. Other than that, this book was really great and informative about not only Kagame, but also the RPF and Tutsi mistreatment before 1994, the Catholic Church and the UNs roles in the genocide, and what Kagame is doing now to move the country forward
May 24, 2024
Fascinating, in the story it tells and the historical context it provides. Horrifying, in detailing what happened in Rwanda in 1994. And outrageous, in highlighting the passivity (or even abetting, in some cases) of the international community.
June 12, 2017
A highly readable and engaging account of Rwanda's political turmoil and improbable success in the past 50 years, with extensive quotes from Paul Kagame serving to frame the historical account.
August 13, 2025
Stephen Kinzer's "A Thousand Hills" is a compelling and often gripping account of the Rwandan genocide and the rise of Paul Kagame. This 3.5 to 4-star read is a valuable look into a conflict often overlooked in mainstream media. The book chronicles the fascinating story of Kagame and countless refugees who returned to fight for a homeland that had rejected them.
Kinzer excels at portraying Kagame's journey, from secretly building his rebel army to his bloody rebellion and outsized ambitions for Rwanda. The author presents a nuanced leader of unwavering resolve and strategic brilliance, shaped by a lifetime of displacement, corruption, and deep-seated ethnic tensions.
Ultimately, "A Thousand Hills" is an essential read for understanding a pivotal moment in history and the extraordinary man who led his people home. It's a book that serves as a powerful reminder of a genocide that should never be forgotten, while also highlighting the complex history that fueled the conflict.
Kinzer excels at portraying Kagame's journey, from secretly building his rebel army to his bloody rebellion and outsized ambitions for Rwanda. The author presents a nuanced leader of unwavering resolve and strategic brilliance, shaped by a lifetime of displacement, corruption, and deep-seated ethnic tensions.
Ultimately, "A Thousand Hills" is an essential read for understanding a pivotal moment in history and the extraordinary man who led his people home. It's a book that serves as a powerful reminder of a genocide that should never be forgotten, while also highlighting the complex history that fueled the conflict.
November 9, 2019
I've been working in Rwanda for a year now. I don't know why I waited this long to read this book. But on the other hand, I also feel I am able to better appreciate what this nation has achieved, considering what it went through
October 11, 2008
Fascinating. Although the title of the book implies a larger focus on the current president Paul Kagame (the man who dreamed it), the story follows his life basically only to illustrate Rwanda's history. I was looking for a book on Rwanda that would give me just the right kind of information--not too much detail, but enough for me to get a complete picture of what has gone on. I also wanted something modern that would inform me of the state of Rwanda now. (Honestly, I thought, I want a book that will tell me the kind of stuff Beth told us about.) This was the book on both accounts.
My only criticism of the book is that I wished Kinzer had talked more about the trials and more names of who was involved in some of the atrocities. Kinzer does, however, give both sides to the current controversy of how Kagame is running the country. It's always interesting when good things happen when done in a bad way...it just doesn't last for too long. One of my favorite things about the book is all of the quotations from Kagame that he gave while being interviewed. It gives it a uniqueness that other "histories" don't have. I highly recommend it.
My only criticism of the book is that I wished Kinzer had talked more about the trials and more names of who was involved in some of the atrocities. Kinzer does, however, give both sides to the current controversy of how Kagame is running the country. It's always interesting when good things happen when done in a bad way...it just doesn't last for too long. One of my favorite things about the book is all of the quotations from Kagame that he gave while being interviewed. It gives it a uniqueness that other "histories" don't have. I highly recommend it.
January 18, 2016
A Thousand Hills
By Stephen Kinzer
5 stars
pp 380
For years I've known about the Rwandan Genocide but haven't really understood the forces that brought it about. I now have Stephen Kinzer to thank for a more thorough understanding of it as well as the development of the country since 1994 and the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame.
Kinzer deftly investigates the history of Rwanda and the forces which divided the Hutu and Tutsi people from colonial times under Belgium. He chronicles Paul Kagame's life and tells the story of a refugee people. Importantly he reports the forces behind and leading up to the genocide.
It is a story in which the UN, the US, France and many western nations played an unfortunate role. The story of the genocide is so very hard and made me feel physically ill, however I feel enlightened having read this book even though the words "never again" seem empty.
It is not a totally depressing book as we see that there is recovery in Rwanda and I was happy to read about it.
By Stephen Kinzer
5 stars
pp 380
For years I've known about the Rwandan Genocide but haven't really understood the forces that brought it about. I now have Stephen Kinzer to thank for a more thorough understanding of it as well as the development of the country since 1994 and the President of Rwanda, Paul Kagame.
Kinzer deftly investigates the history of Rwanda and the forces which divided the Hutu and Tutsi people from colonial times under Belgium. He chronicles Paul Kagame's life and tells the story of a refugee people. Importantly he reports the forces behind and leading up to the genocide.
It is a story in which the UN, the US, France and many western nations played an unfortunate role. The story of the genocide is so very hard and made me feel physically ill, however I feel enlightened having read this book even though the words "never again" seem empty.
It is not a totally depressing book as we see that there is recovery in Rwanda and I was happy to read about it.
November 4, 2009
A thoughtful retelling of the Rwandan genocide. I found the reconciliation and the gacaca's the most interesting parts. The author had unprecedented access to Rwanda's current leader, Kagame and although he offered both sides, I think he is most sympathetic to him. The fact that Paul Rusesabagina and Allison Des Forges were very opposed to Kagame, makes me suspicious of him, although no one can deny that he has led Rwanda to prosperity. I was surprised to learn how involved the French were in arming the genocide, and how poorly Bill Clinton, Madeline Albright, Kofi Annan and the UN were in dealing with the tragedy. Only Romeo Dallaire, the Canadian peacekeeper has accepted any responsibility for the tragedy.
February 7, 2017
Tremendous. A telling of Rwanda's history centered around the life of its incomparable president, Paul Kagame. His leadership pre and post genocide in creating the country that exists today exemplifies courage. I continue to try and understand all the lessons Rwanda's journey through hell and back tells us about humanity. Reading this book while living here these next few weeks provides perspective through which I view the neighbors and patients with whom I interact everyday.
June 18, 2009
I only read it, because a friend of mine who is involved in humanitarian efforts in Rwanda gave it to me. I was expecting something dry and boring, but I was delightfully surprised as I found myself tearing through its pages. It gave a clear overview of the history of the conflicts that led to the 1994 genocide, and it highlighted the flaws of supposedly humanitarian efforts that only proved counter-productive.
May 28, 2015
A very pro-Kagame view of the recent history in Rwanda. Insightful in many ways, this should not stand alone as your only source of understanding. However, it does give details into Kagame that make for a better understanding of the circumstances facing Rwanda.
February 16, 2020
"In the mid-1990s, both Rwanda and Somalia lay in ruins. The Rwandan genocide had taken as many as a million lives or more, and Somali warlords were tearing their country apart. These were probably the two most devastated countries on earth. The phrase “failed state” barely hints at the hell into which they had fallen. Both seemed headed for either ethnic dictatorship or endless turmoil. Somalia, as most people predicted, continued its free fall into chaos and anarchy. Rwanda, however, rebelled against its destiny. It has recovered from civil war and genocide more fully than anyone imagined possible and is united, stable, and at peace. Its leaders are boundlessly ambitious. Rwandans are bubbling over with a sense of unlimited possibility. Outsiders, drawn by the chance to help transform a resurgent nation, are streaming in.
Why did Rwanda recover from its catastrophe while Somalia did not? (...) Barely a decade after its cataclysm, Rwanda is not only peaceful but exciting and full of promise. How did this happen?"
This was my favorite book of the entire "Rwanda project," but I am talking about it last of all because it is the furthest from "the basic information about the genocide."
If you already know about the events per se and want to go deeper, this is absolutely a must-have. If you are overall into politics and social/historical analysis in details, you can even try to start with this book. It's great. It's fascinating from the first to the last word. It gives you simultaneously all the necessary details and a larger perspective.
I usually do not like re-reading books, but when I decided that I would finally write about the Rwanda project at the beginning of the year, I realized that somehow I do not remember well what was in this book exactly and what its structure and specifics were comparing to the others, and so I re-listened to the audiobook again in the recent weeks. It was even more awesome than during the first reading (it's very understandable considering that the book is complex and saturated with amazing information, and you need to have a somewhat "preconditioned mind" for all this, and I did not get everything properly the first time).
Stephen Kinzer is an American journalist covering revolutions and social upheavals in Central America, Eastern and Central Europe countries as they emerged from the Soviet bloc, Turkey, Iran, and, among them, also the Rwandan genocide. He has written several books about various countries and events, and if they are all as masterful as this one about Rwanda, I can only recommend to look for them if you are interested in good thoughtful non-fiction reads about hot spots of the international politics.
"A Thousand Hills" does not tell you much about the genocide itself: the events are very summarily covered in about 10-15% of the contents somewhere in the middle of the book. Before this, it's about all the historical and political backgrounds that led to the genocide, and the second half of the book is dedicated to post-genocidal Rwanda, its challenges, controversions, achievements, uncertainties. As I already said, it's all fascinating. I would love to read books written like this about my own country or about any other country I am interested it. Rwanda has a lot of unique and extremely interesting characteristics, and Stephen Kinzer describes all this is such an integral and engaging way that you cannot help but fall in love with this troubled and complex society and start to be truly passionate about it.
The book starts and ends with Paul Kagame, a person who basically stopped the genocide and who later became the country's president and now successfully leads Rwanda to a much better life. In the beginning of the book, Paul Kagame is presented as a person whose life (among other people) perfectly represents multiple problems and struggles of the society that eventually resulted in the genocide. You can see Paul Kagame as a victim of ethnic cleansings and political persecutions in a highly corrupted country. He became one of the unique Rwandan diaspora, resilient, industrious, well-educated, and highly motivated people, who were expelled from their own country but always dreamed to return there and to transform the society to the better (and now they have a great chance to do it for real!). Later, you can see Paul Kagame as a guerilla warrior and a strong political figure who managed to stop the whirlwind of violence and eventually made Rwanda one of the safest and thriving countries in Africa. It's an unprecedented story, and you read all this as a gripping thriller.
"The central figure in Rwanda’s rebirth, Paul Kagame, emerged during the first decade of the twenty-first century as one of the most intriguing leaders in Africa.
He preaches a doctrine of security, guided reconciliation, honest governance, and, above all, self-reliance. Already, he has brought Rwanda much that was inconceivable in the wake of the 1994 genocide: law and order, the beginnings of economic growth and social transformation, a cooling of sectarian passions, and, most astonishing of all, a pulsating sense of enthusiasm and optimism."
"Kagame has set out to do something that has never been done before: pull an African country from misery to prosperity in the space of a generation. To accomplish this, he must hack a path through his country’s century-old social and political overgrowth. Because that overgrowth is so dense, because he is working without a model, and because like all human beings he is the product of his past experiences, this is as great a challenge as faces any leader in the world."
"Two things about President Kagame are evident to all who consider his situation honestly. First, he has accomplished something truly remarkable. The contrast between where Rwanda is today and where most people would have guessed it would be today in the wake of the 1994 genocide is astonishing.
Second, Kagame is the man of the hour in modern Africa. The eyes of all who hope for a better Africa are upon him. No other leader has made so much out of so little, and none offers such encouraging hope for the continent’s future.
Beside these two great achievements lie two daunting challenges.
The first comes from the unique nature of postgenocide Rwanda. Huge numbers of onetime killers and their supporters live there. Just across the border in the Congo, and in other places farther away, lie forces eager to destroy what Kagame’s government is building. In this climate, permitting European-style democracy would be folly. It might well lead to another genocide. Most Rwandans realize this. Their understanding, coupled with their appreciation for the stability and the beginnings of prosperity they see around them, leads them to support their government. How long this special period must last, and what sort of transition lies in the future, remains uncertain.
The second challenge that lies ahead has to do not with Rwanda but with human nature. Rwanda has no democratic or constitutional tradition, nor has such a tradition developed in the surrounding region. In climates like this, leaders tend to become corrupted in one way or another. For Kagame, resisting this tendency is almost as great an imperative as finding the proper balance between development and individual rights."
"Over the years that followed, Kagame led his country on an epic march. He set in motion what he hoped would be a transformation as radical as any in the history of postcolonial Africa. His methods were unorthodox, his drive unflagging, and his array of foreign friends unmatched. People searching for new ideas about how to save the world began traveling to Rwanda, eager to see for themselves what was happening there. I was one of them."
"Authoritarian modernizers like Singapore’s Lee Kwan Yew and Malaysia’s Mohammad Mahatir are among Kagame’s role models. The limits on democracy those leaders imposed while transforming their countries may indeed be appropriate for Rwanda. They cannot remain in place forever, though. If Kagame serves two seven-year terms in the presidency — that is all the constitution allows, and he has publicly denounced African leaders who try to change constitutions to extend their terms — he will be in power until 2017. His every waking moment is devoted to assuring that by then, Rwandans will live richer and more fulfilling lives than they do today. But if he cannot guide a transition to a more open political system, his achievements and legacy may be in danger."
"History, however, suggests that Kagame will continue to centralize power in his own hands, not give it away to others. That is what leaders normally do. Even those who are constrained by laws, institutions, and traditions fight relentlessly to increase their power. In Rwanda, there are no such constraints. President Kagame can be as powerful as he wants. It would be almost unnatural for him not to take advantage of this reality. Why, after all, allow vital decisions to be made by someone else if you are sure your choices are right?"
“You never know what the next guy will do,” one of Kagame’s longtime confidantes told me. “It becomes very intense, even life or death.”
All this and even the very subtitle of the book ("Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It") might suggest that it's dedicated to Paul Kagame. However, it's not only about Paul Kagame and his personal achievements / the problem of "enlightened dictatorship" - it's about everything that made things as they are in Rwanda. As I already said, it's about politics overall. It's about the whole society. If the previous books I talked about were written mostly on the basis of personal observations and interviews with people, Stephen Kinzer is much more into thorough analysis of all available information and presenting things from different points of view. It is very well balanced in this regard. On the pages of the book, you will find direct words of Paul Kagame and his fierce critics and opponents, the position of international organizations and the attitude of regular Rwandans, etc., plus comprehensive reflections on all the pros and contras of such and such decisions or events. Stephen Kinzer gives all the credits to the positive aspects of the current transformations of Rwanda, and he also presents all the necessary warnings and apprehensions about everything troubling or controversial. You want to discuss every chapter with someone, or sometimes even every paragraph.
In short, it's a pleasure to have such a wholesome narration of very confusing and intricate characteristics and developments.
(And I would not even talk about how all this is incredibly relevant for our current society and politics here, in Ukraine.)
Why did Rwanda recover from its catastrophe while Somalia did not? (...) Barely a decade after its cataclysm, Rwanda is not only peaceful but exciting and full of promise. How did this happen?"
This was my favorite book of the entire "Rwanda project," but I am talking about it last of all because it is the furthest from "the basic information about the genocide."
If you already know about the events per se and want to go deeper, this is absolutely a must-have. If you are overall into politics and social/historical analysis in details, you can even try to start with this book. It's great. It's fascinating from the first to the last word. It gives you simultaneously all the necessary details and a larger perspective.
I usually do not like re-reading books, but when I decided that I would finally write about the Rwanda project at the beginning of the year, I realized that somehow I do not remember well what was in this book exactly and what its structure and specifics were comparing to the others, and so I re-listened to the audiobook again in the recent weeks. It was even more awesome than during the first reading (it's very understandable considering that the book is complex and saturated with amazing information, and you need to have a somewhat "preconditioned mind" for all this, and I did not get everything properly the first time).
Stephen Kinzer is an American journalist covering revolutions and social upheavals in Central America, Eastern and Central Europe countries as they emerged from the Soviet bloc, Turkey, Iran, and, among them, also the Rwandan genocide. He has written several books about various countries and events, and if they are all as masterful as this one about Rwanda, I can only recommend to look for them if you are interested in good thoughtful non-fiction reads about hot spots of the international politics.
"A Thousand Hills" does not tell you much about the genocide itself: the events are very summarily covered in about 10-15% of the contents somewhere in the middle of the book. Before this, it's about all the historical and political backgrounds that led to the genocide, and the second half of the book is dedicated to post-genocidal Rwanda, its challenges, controversions, achievements, uncertainties. As I already said, it's all fascinating. I would love to read books written like this about my own country or about any other country I am interested it. Rwanda has a lot of unique and extremely interesting characteristics, and Stephen Kinzer describes all this is such an integral and engaging way that you cannot help but fall in love with this troubled and complex society and start to be truly passionate about it.
The book starts and ends with Paul Kagame, a person who basically stopped the genocide and who later became the country's president and now successfully leads Rwanda to a much better life. In the beginning of the book, Paul Kagame is presented as a person whose life (among other people) perfectly represents multiple problems and struggles of the society that eventually resulted in the genocide. You can see Paul Kagame as a victim of ethnic cleansings and political persecutions in a highly corrupted country. He became one of the unique Rwandan diaspora, resilient, industrious, well-educated, and highly motivated people, who were expelled from their own country but always dreamed to return there and to transform the society to the better (and now they have a great chance to do it for real!). Later, you can see Paul Kagame as a guerilla warrior and a strong political figure who managed to stop the whirlwind of violence and eventually made Rwanda one of the safest and thriving countries in Africa. It's an unprecedented story, and you read all this as a gripping thriller.
"The central figure in Rwanda’s rebirth, Paul Kagame, emerged during the first decade of the twenty-first century as one of the most intriguing leaders in Africa.
He preaches a doctrine of security, guided reconciliation, honest governance, and, above all, self-reliance. Already, he has brought Rwanda much that was inconceivable in the wake of the 1994 genocide: law and order, the beginnings of economic growth and social transformation, a cooling of sectarian passions, and, most astonishing of all, a pulsating sense of enthusiasm and optimism."
"Kagame has set out to do something that has never been done before: pull an African country from misery to prosperity in the space of a generation. To accomplish this, he must hack a path through his country’s century-old social and political overgrowth. Because that overgrowth is so dense, because he is working without a model, and because like all human beings he is the product of his past experiences, this is as great a challenge as faces any leader in the world."
"Two things about President Kagame are evident to all who consider his situation honestly. First, he has accomplished something truly remarkable. The contrast between where Rwanda is today and where most people would have guessed it would be today in the wake of the 1994 genocide is astonishing.
Second, Kagame is the man of the hour in modern Africa. The eyes of all who hope for a better Africa are upon him. No other leader has made so much out of so little, and none offers such encouraging hope for the continent’s future.
Beside these two great achievements lie two daunting challenges.
The first comes from the unique nature of postgenocide Rwanda. Huge numbers of onetime killers and their supporters live there. Just across the border in the Congo, and in other places farther away, lie forces eager to destroy what Kagame’s government is building. In this climate, permitting European-style democracy would be folly. It might well lead to another genocide. Most Rwandans realize this. Their understanding, coupled with their appreciation for the stability and the beginnings of prosperity they see around them, leads them to support their government. How long this special period must last, and what sort of transition lies in the future, remains uncertain.
The second challenge that lies ahead has to do not with Rwanda but with human nature. Rwanda has no democratic or constitutional tradition, nor has such a tradition developed in the surrounding region. In climates like this, leaders tend to become corrupted in one way or another. For Kagame, resisting this tendency is almost as great an imperative as finding the proper balance between development and individual rights."
"Over the years that followed, Kagame led his country on an epic march. He set in motion what he hoped would be a transformation as radical as any in the history of postcolonial Africa. His methods were unorthodox, his drive unflagging, and his array of foreign friends unmatched. People searching for new ideas about how to save the world began traveling to Rwanda, eager to see for themselves what was happening there. I was one of them."
"Authoritarian modernizers like Singapore’s Lee Kwan Yew and Malaysia’s Mohammad Mahatir are among Kagame’s role models. The limits on democracy those leaders imposed while transforming their countries may indeed be appropriate for Rwanda. They cannot remain in place forever, though. If Kagame serves two seven-year terms in the presidency — that is all the constitution allows, and he has publicly denounced African leaders who try to change constitutions to extend their terms — he will be in power until 2017. His every waking moment is devoted to assuring that by then, Rwandans will live richer and more fulfilling lives than they do today. But if he cannot guide a transition to a more open political system, his achievements and legacy may be in danger."
"History, however, suggests that Kagame will continue to centralize power in his own hands, not give it away to others. That is what leaders normally do. Even those who are constrained by laws, institutions, and traditions fight relentlessly to increase their power. In Rwanda, there are no such constraints. President Kagame can be as powerful as he wants. It would be almost unnatural for him not to take advantage of this reality. Why, after all, allow vital decisions to be made by someone else if you are sure your choices are right?"
“You never know what the next guy will do,” one of Kagame’s longtime confidantes told me. “It becomes very intense, even life or death.”
All this and even the very subtitle of the book ("Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It") might suggest that it's dedicated to Paul Kagame. However, it's not only about Paul Kagame and his personal achievements / the problem of "enlightened dictatorship" - it's about everything that made things as they are in Rwanda. As I already said, it's about politics overall. It's about the whole society. If the previous books I talked about were written mostly on the basis of personal observations and interviews with people, Stephen Kinzer is much more into thorough analysis of all available information and presenting things from different points of view. It is very well balanced in this regard. On the pages of the book, you will find direct words of Paul Kagame and his fierce critics and opponents, the position of international organizations and the attitude of regular Rwandans, etc., plus comprehensive reflections on all the pros and contras of such and such decisions or events. Stephen Kinzer gives all the credits to the positive aspects of the current transformations of Rwanda, and he also presents all the necessary warnings and apprehensions about everything troubling or controversial. You want to discuss every chapter with someone, or sometimes even every paragraph.
In short, it's a pleasure to have such a wholesome narration of very confusing and intricate characteristics and developments.
(And I would not even talk about how all this is incredibly relevant for our current society and politics here, in Ukraine.)
December 23, 2020
Decent book about an extraordinary miracle.
This book really helps one to understand the relative priority that needs to be placed on aspects of governance including growth, unity, freedom of expression, political freedom, etc. A proper perspective on such things requires a significant understanding about the interplay of top level ideological considerations and ground level realities.
Paul Kagame is truly one of the greatest leaders the world has seen over the past 200 years (even more, perhaps). A liberal snowflake might find faults, but spending sufficient time considering alternatives to his mode of rule will make one develop "considerable contempt" towards such opinions (to paraphrase Kagame himself).
Reading the book 13 years after publication, and checking how far Rwanda has come since further reinforces how effective a leader Paul Kagame has turned out to be.
The cultural history of the conflict in Rwanda closely mirrors a divide and rule pattern common to several colonizing powers and the book touches upon this briefly - how the Belgians came up with exotic theories of how the Tutsi are "originally European migrants" who settled in Rwanda to rule the local populace, the Hutus (my Indian friends should be able to see the parallels very clearly).
The book definitely reads fast, but I would've enjoyed it a little bit more if the book spent a little less time trying to be a myopic account of Rwanda, and a little more time describing events at other parts of the world/Africa in the meanwhile. I had my hopes high in the introduction, as the parallels between Somalia and Rwanda are briefly touched upon. This is, however, not elaborated sufficiently well.
This book really helps one to understand the relative priority that needs to be placed on aspects of governance including growth, unity, freedom of expression, political freedom, etc. A proper perspective on such things requires a significant understanding about the interplay of top level ideological considerations and ground level realities.
Paul Kagame is truly one of the greatest leaders the world has seen over the past 200 years (even more, perhaps). A liberal snowflake might find faults, but spending sufficient time considering alternatives to his mode of rule will make one develop "considerable contempt" towards such opinions (to paraphrase Kagame himself).
Reading the book 13 years after publication, and checking how far Rwanda has come since further reinforces how effective a leader Paul Kagame has turned out to be.
The cultural history of the conflict in Rwanda closely mirrors a divide and rule pattern common to several colonizing powers and the book touches upon this briefly - how the Belgians came up with exotic theories of how the Tutsi are "originally European migrants" who settled in Rwanda to rule the local populace, the Hutus (my Indian friends should be able to see the parallels very clearly).
The book definitely reads fast, but I would've enjoyed it a little bit more if the book spent a little less time trying to be a myopic account of Rwanda, and a little more time describing events at other parts of the world/Africa in the meanwhile. I had my hopes high in the introduction, as the parallels between Somalia and Rwanda are briefly touched upon. This is, however, not elaborated sufficiently well.
June 23, 2020
This book chronicles Paul Kagame’s emergence as leader of the Tutsi army in exile in Uganda, the RPF’s return to win the Civil War in Rwanda and subsequent defeat of the exiled Hutu force in Zaire, Kagame’s eventual election as president (after being the real power in the country for years), and his strict control of the country that his resulted in some degree of reconciliation and tenuous economic success. The best part of the book is the history of Kagame’s early years through the RPF’s taking control of Kigali in 1994. After that, it’s as if the subject becomes to big for the book, though the author provides a number of vignettes that are fascinating and suggest the need for more thorough coverage of the post-Civil War period. The book was written in 2007, when in theory Kagame would have been limited to terms that would have ended in 2017. Since then, the constitution was amended so that he was able to be re-elected in 2017 with 98% of the vote (shades of Putin). The book raises interesting questions about the limited of democracy and the benefit, and possible necessity, of a “benign” authoritarian government in a country in chaos.
June 27, 2018
Kinzer gives Kagame the first and last word in his book, and that pretty much sums it up. If you want to read a book on Kagame apologetics (i.e. a history of the genocide, plus a whole lot of vague justifications of Kagame's regime), this is the book for you. Someone else wrote they could see why Kagame would justify his actions, but not why Kinzer would, and I completely agree - why write "Kagame probably committed serious human rights violations" and then completely change topic? Does he not think we can handle it? There's a nuanced assessment to be made (is a 'benevolent dictator' ultimately worth it?); this is not it. I assume the reason Kagame gave him so much of his time is because he's pro-regime. I'll try to read something from the other perspective now (someone recommended "God sleeps in Rwanda").
October 29, 2025
Astonishing book from every level. The history and the way the genocide came about is now much clearer to me. Sonia Kagame’s vision. For better or worse, I think he is what Rwanda has needed and the fact that the non Rwandans living in Rwanda all agree is powerful. Also the way I feel when I am there supports this. There is a tightness around people but they are proud of Rwanda and optimistic. At least the safari people I know are. It was interesting to get a more well rounded view of the milles collines story and manager and it is interesting to think of all the investments going in now. The answer of the guide to my question about what happens post-Kagame was that he is surrounded by good people. I now take that to mean people who share his vision. Can they keep away from corruption and carry on? I hope so!
January 27, 2021
I found this enjoyable to read and very detailed. It is like a history book but presents information in an interesting and easy to read way. Based on the title I thought it would be sort of a biography of Kagame, but instead it is more the story of Rwanda based loosely around Kagame's experiences. The stories were interesting and relevant to the current situation in Rwanda. I have studied Rwanda a lot and felt like this book gave the best overall view of what happened and was happening up to 2007 when it was written. I liked that it ended by telling success stories from promising individuals and had an optimistic but still realistic outlook for the future of the country. I found the writing excellent and the structure logical.
March 13, 2020
Rwanda is one of the most interesting and important countries in the world to study for anyone interested in social science. Paul Kagame has also lived a truly fascinating life.
A Thousand Hills provides a surface level overview of the main points in Kagame's life, the Rwandan genocide and Kagame's Rwanda. While potentially valuable for someone unfamiliar with Kagame or Rwanda, the book lacks depth and leaves the reader without a clear understanding of either Kagame or the development of Rwanda.
Given the importance of the study of Rwanda, I hope more is written on the subject.
A Thousand Hills provides a surface level overview of the main points in Kagame's life, the Rwandan genocide and Kagame's Rwanda. While potentially valuable for someone unfamiliar with Kagame or Rwanda, the book lacks depth and leaves the reader without a clear understanding of either Kagame or the development of Rwanda.
Given the importance of the study of Rwanda, I hope more is written on the subject.
June 17, 2024
A well-written, immersive narrative regarding modern Rwandan political history. Centering on Paul Kagame’s life and rise to power over the last four decades, the book does a great job of explaining reconciliation and the country’s rebuilding process while sharing Rwandans’ fury at international judgement of their politics and culture in the wake of the international community’s inaction and complicitness in 1994. Fairly balanced between criticisms of the Kagame government and praises for its successes. Would love to see a more policy-focused addendum for 2007 to the modern day.
February 20, 2025
kinzer does a great job of narrating his understanding of modern rwandan history and interweaving it w kagame’s perspective. while the book was largely centered on kagame and his role in organizing the rpf to resist the genocide & subsequently leading the government, there are a lot of other perspectives discussed in the book as well. felt like a very comprehensive, nuanced, well-written book but i feel like i need to read other books on the topic to get a more holistic understanding of the history.
January 9, 2018
2013-08 - A Thousand Hills: Rwanda's Rebirth and the Man Who Dreamed It. 2008. 400 Pages.
Less hagiographic than I expected ... equal parts critical so a fair telling of the remarkable journey of Rwandan President Paul Kagame. If you want to understand Rwanda, the Congo and the like you should read this. If you want to conduct an insurgency or a counter insurgency … you should read this. Very good book.
Less hagiographic than I expected ... equal parts critical so a fair telling of the remarkable journey of Rwandan President Paul Kagame. If you want to understand Rwanda, the Congo and the like you should read this. If you want to conduct an insurgency or a counter insurgency … you should read this. Very good book.
February 8, 2018
Audiobooks got me through the tough to listen to parts. Well written and very interesting to learn about the life of Paul Kagame, current president of Rwanda. Having lived during the time of the genocide, it is interesting to have a deeper understanding of the conflict, the world's (un) involvement in such a humanitarian crisis, and the current efforts to heal as one nation. Plans to visit Rwanda next month made this an excellent, informative read.
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