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‫الخزي أنشودة رعوية معاصرة‬

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إلى أي حد يمكن للإنسان أن يقدم تنازلات لإثبات حسن نواياه للسلطة وتأييده لها؟ إلى أي درجة سيؤثر عليه شعوره بالخزي؟
هذه إحدى روائع شيدرين المنسية. كتب شيدرين روايته إبان تصاعد الحركة الثورية ضد النظام القيصري، وعلاوة على القضايا السياسية والاجتماعية التي تناولتها الرواية، قدّم شيدرين في عمله هذا شكلا مبتكرًا للرواية الروسية في النصف الثاني من القرن التاسع عشر. تصل آفاق الكوميديا والسخرية في الرواية إلى حدود الفانتازيا، بل وتتجاوزها، ويختلط عالم الحقيقة والخيال في مشاهد سياسية ساخرة تُعد من أفضل المشاهد التي كُتِبت في أدب القرن التاسع عشر بأكمله."أما إذا خصني تاريخ الحداثة بسطر واحد فأود ألا يكون عن شخصي بل عن روايتي هذه". سالتيكوف شيدرين

322 pages, Kindle Edition

First published January 1, 1883

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About the author

Mikhail Saltykov-Shchedrin

490 books124 followers
Mikhail Saltykov was born on 27 January 1826 in the village of Spas-Ugol (modern-day Taldomsky District of the Moscow Oblast of Russia) as one of the eight children (five brothers and three sisters) in the large Russian noble family of Yevgraf Vasilievich Saltykov (1776—1851) and Olga Mikhaylovna Saltykova (née Zabelina) (1801—1874). His father belonged to an ancient Saltykov noble house that originated as one of the branches of the Morozov boyar family. According to the Velvet Book, it was founded by Mikhail Ignatievich Morozov nicknamed Saltyk (from the Old Church Slavonic word "saltyk" meaning "one's own way/taste"), the son of Ignaty Mikhailovich Morozov and a great-grandson of the founder of the dynasty Ivan Semyonovich Moroz who lived during the 14-15th centuries. The Saltykov family also shared the Polish Sołtyk coat of arms. It gave birth to many important political figures throughout history, including the Tsaritsa of Russia Praskovia Saltykova and her daughter, the Empress of Russia Anna Ioannovna.

Saltykov's mother was an heir to a rich Moscow merchant of the 1st level guild Mikhail Petrovich Zabelin whose ancestors belonged to the so-called trading peasants and who was granted hereditary nobility for his handsome donation to the army needs in 1812; his wife Marfa Ivanovna Zabelina also came from wealthy Moscow merchants. At the time of Mikhail Saltykov's birth, Yevgraf was fifty years old, while Olga was twenty five. Mikhail spent his early years on his parents' large estate in Spasskoye on the border of the Tver and Yaroslavl governorates, in the Poshekhonye region.

"In my childhood and teenage years I witnessed serfdom at its worst. It saturated all strata of social life, not just the landlords and the enslaved masses, degrading all classes, privileged or otherwise, with its atmosphere of a total lack of rights, when fraud and trickery were the order of the day, and there was an all-pervading fear of being crushed and destroyed at any moment," he remembered, speaking through one of the characters of his later work Old Years in Poshekhonye. Life in the Saltykov family was equally difficult. Dominating the weak, religious father was despotic mother whose intimidating persona horrified the servants and her own children. This atmosphere was later recreated in Shchedrin's novel The Golovlyov Family, and the idea of "the devastating effect of legalized slavery upon the human psyche" would become one of the prominent motifs of his prose. Olga Mikhaylovna, though, was a woman of many talents; having perceived some in Mikhail, she treated him as her favourite.

The Saltykovs often quarrelled; they gave their children neither love nor care and Mikhail, despite enjoying relative freedom in the house, remembered feeling lonely and neglected. Another thing Saltykov later regretted was his having been completely shut out from nature in his early years: the children lived in the main house and were rarely allowed to go out, knowing their "animals and birds only as boiled and fried." Characteristically, there were few descriptions of nature in the author's works.

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Profile Image for Mohammed Marzooq.
17 reviews2 followers
December 20, 2023
يسلك المرء الطريق الخطأ، يغرق في الرذائل، ينغمس في الدناءات والنذالات، يناله من الناس ما يناله من قرع و زجر، يُحكم عليه بأنه سافل ودنيء وصاحب نيّة سيئة من المجتمع، يوصم بالفساد من قبل السلطة. يعيش حياته بهذه الصورة.
تكمن صعوبة الأمر في تطهير السمعة بعد مالحق بها من قذف وإسفاف، في عيش المرء في راحة وهناء بعد كل هذا الخِزي الذي لَحِق به.
نعم، المضي بخطوات راسخة في طريق النيات الحسنة، فليعن الله أيّاً كان على حفظ طهارته.
إلى أي حد يمكن للإنسان أن يقدم تنازلات لإثبات حسن نواياه تجاه السلطة وتأييده لها؟ اترك الإجابة للقارئ، فمن في سلّم النفوذ والسلطة لا يسترشدون بالقانون بقدر مايسترشدون بالضلالات، الأهم هو إلحاق الضرر من ثَمَّ تطبيق القانون.
Profile Image for Trounin.
2,087 reviews45 followers
March 2, 2021
Когда Салтыков начинал явно намекать на действительность, окрашивая описываемое в приятные для чтения современниками слова, тогда он становился совершенно невыносим для восприятия. И делать это он начал с 1877 года, когда за запрет на публикацию некоторых произведений, очень быстро создавал текст другого наполнения, где всё казалось прекрасным до излишества. Первым рассказом об этом стало повествование «Современная идиллия», созданное взамен запрещённого к публикации материала. Впоследствии Салтыков стал дополнять рассказ деталями, присоединяя под одно название новые части. Таким образом «Современная идиллия» разрасталась. Но в 1879 году Салтыков переключился на другие работы, тогда как благонадёжный цикл оставался без внимания до 1882 года. Можно сделать вывод, основанный на очевидном наблюдении, гласящий: всегда получится угодить власти, сбавь риторику с осуждающей на подначивающую. Подумаешь, есть проблемы в стране, так о них вполне допускается говорить, сообщай о том в менее категорических тонах.

(c) Trounin
Profile Image for egor.
5 reviews
August 24, 2020
Будто затянутая, но актуальная сегодня же книга. В ней иронично показаны либералы 19 века, пытающиеся угодить исправнику, уклоняющиеся от мысли думать, у них всё помаленьку да полегоньку, здесь да тут.
Profile Image for Samar Nass.
6 reviews
October 18, 2025
للاسف اخذت مني وقت طويل ولا فهمت منها شي
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