Bride in the Hills – A brilliant English translation by Vanamala Vishwanatha.. ...of..
Malegalalli Madumagalu, Kannada classic by literary giant Kuvempu
Two months ago, when I started to read 'Bride in the Hills' I did not know what to expect. The book is an English translation of literary giant Kuvempu 's Kannada classic 'Malegalalli Madumagalu' published in 1967, and considered his magnum opus. This new English translation was released in October 2024.
Set in the late 19th century the story unfolds in the Malnad region of the Western Ghats in India, and covers a time span of just a couple of the monsoon months (despite the 700 pages read!). Amidst dense forests and torrential rains, hills and mountains and the river Tunga, the story of 'Bride in the Hills' is really a story about women from these parts whose lives are encircled by the deeply entrenched patriarchal milieu. It tells the story of women who resist, in different ways, the misogyny and oppression that confronts them every day. The women manoeuvre their way through "prescribed" rules and expectations to seek freedom....... to love, to fulfil their desires.
Their stories are told through the lives of three couples from different communities: Gutthi and Thimmi who are "untouchables,” Aita and Pinchalu who belong to a tribe from below the ghats, Mukundayya and Chinnamma who are from the well-off land owning Vokkaliga community. Despite the differences in their life situation, defined by their caste, all three women face gender related restrictions. The spirited Thimmi, the effervescent Pinchalu and the demure Chinnamma negotiate their way successfully to find love, though they must pass through some 'edge of the seat ' moments! The sensitive and empathetic writing brings forth the conflicting emotions, uncertainties, and anxieties that each of them go through. The tragic stories of Nagakka, Deyi and the young gullible Kaveri highlight the hopelessness of dealing with brutal oppression when there is no trustworthy support.
While the three couples provide a conduit for the narrative, other characters in the book feel authentic too. Authoritarian landlords like Bharamai Heggade, Subbanna Heggade have their share of joys and sorrows, but are impervious to the pain of others. The volatile Thimmappa (who is extremely unpleasant in the earlier parts), shifty entitled Devayya Gowda, pragmatic Anthakka, nice guy Mukundayya, manipulative padre Jivaratnayya or the villainous supervisor Chinkra - each of them add to the complex dynamics of relationships in the story. My favourite though is not any of the humans! It is Huliya - Gutthi's dog, the fearless crazy giant whose name means tiger! Huliya loves Gutthi completely, unconditionally....... and goes about his life ignoring Gutthi's every command! Gutthi and Huliya are utterly natural in their habitat the forest, with all its dangers. Their close bond touches your heart.
A combination of rigid caste hierarchy and a vicious feudal system "authorizes" violent oppression of those like Gutthi, Aitu and others, deemed to be from lower castes and are vassals of the upper caste families especially land owners. Insensitivity and humiliation are the more “benign” forms of daily violation of their dignity compared to the more brutal physical punishments also meted out to them. This traditional order of things is, heartbreakingly, accepted as irrevocable by those oppressed, as the reality that defines them and their status in society. However, change is beginning to be ushered into this situation with the advent of colonial English education, western medicine, threat of religious conversion. Inspiration for change also comes from the larger world where ideas of equality and egalitarian societies are being spread by spiritual leaders like swami Vivekananda.
The book takes up sombre issues related to gender and caste, yet the writing has a light touch throughout, laced with subtle humour. An unexpected turn to mysticism adds to the atmosphere of the time, but surprised me. You enjoy the moments of joy in the banter between Gutthi and Thimmi, the teasing love talks that Aitu and Pinchalu exchange, the giggly conversations that Chinnamma and Pinchalu have or in Huliya 's endearing disregard of Gutthi's frequent rebuke.
Then there is the magnificent setting of the book.....the Malnad hills and forests where hill mynas, drongos, crabs, cicadas and much more thrive.... where the terrifying roar of the tiger echoes through the forest.......where monsoon rains are incessant. In this landscape of breathtaking beauty people of these isolated hamlets live out their daily lives going through intense experiences and feelings. "What does the rainy season care who is alive or who is dead who is born or who isn't? The rain is here to stay ........In the face of sublime nature hope despair, joys sorrows, grief hardship of people in an obscure hamlet become trivial.” ….. a sobering reflection on the insignificance of human life and emotions seen against the majesty of nature, its timeless presence against fragile and ephemeral human events………
The mood of the book constantly shifts from cheerful to thoughtful, thrilling to emotional, cruel, philosophical, pragmatic by turn.........it often feels like Kuvempu is closely observing the lives of his characters; a sensitive and perceptive observer who does not judge them. But his description of the dynamics of their relationships forces you, the reader, to see injustice and oppression for what it is - stark, violent, brutal. Yet it is possible to get to the end of the tunnel…… sometimes…..
This review would be incomplete without writing about Vanamala Vishwanatha’s brilliant translation, which has made this literary masterpiece accessible to readers beyond Kuvempu’s home state of Karnataka. Bride in the Hills creates (perhaps I should say recreates?) the aura and atmosphere that is intrinsic to the story narration. And despite reading in English, particularly conversations between characters, one does get a feel for the local tones and dialects. A map of the book’s “catchment area” so to speak, and a list giving names of characters, relationships, together with locations where they reside – are excellent and thoughtful additions especially for non-Kannada readers. The book’s cover illustration by Jay Gosney is beautifully evocative of the book’s theme.
An enriching read. Not to be missed!