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American Scare: Florida's Hidden Cold War on Black and Queer Lives

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A vital exposé for both our history and our present day, American Scare tells the riveting story of how the Florida government destroyed the lives of Black and queer citizens in the twentieth century.

In January 1959, Art Copleston was escorted out of his college accounting class by three police officers. In a motel room, blinds drawn, he sat in front of a state senator and the legal counsel for the Florida Legislative Investigation Committee, nicknamed the “Johns Committee.” His crime? Being a suspected homosexual. And the government of Florida would use any tactic at their disposal—legal or not—to get Copleston to admit it.

Using a secret trove of primary source documents that have been decoded and de-censored for the first time in history, journalist Robert Fieseler unravels the mystery of what actually happened behind the closed doors of an inquisition that held ordinary citizens ransom to its extraordinary powers.

The state of Florida would prefer that this history remain buried. But for nearly a decade, the Florida Legislature founded, funded, and supported the Johns Committee—an organization using the cover of communism to viciously attack members of the NAACP and queer professors and students. Spearheaded by Charley Johns, a multi-term politician in a gerrymandered legislature, the Committee was determined to eliminate any threats to the state's white, conservative regime.
 
Fieseler describes the heartbreaking ramifications for citizens of Florida whose lives were imperiled, profiling marginalized residents with compassion and a determination to bring their devastating experiences to light at last. A propulsive, human-centered drama, with fascinating insight into Florida politics, American Scare is a page-turning reckoning of our racist and homophobic past—and its chilling parallels to today.

480 pages, Hardcover

First published June 17, 2025

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4478 people want to read

About the author

Robert W. Fieseler

3 books51 followers
Robert W. Fieseler is an historian excavating forgotten queer and civil rights histories. He's author of the acclaimed nonfiction books Tinderbox, winner of the Edgar Award, and American Scare, named an ALA Stonewall Honor Book. Fieseler graduated co-valedictorian from the Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism and is a recipient of the Pulitzer Traveling Fellowship. He lives with his husband on the gayest street in New Orleans.

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Displaying 1 - 22 of 22 reviews
Profile Image for Nicole Overmoyer.
568 reviews30 followers
May 31, 2025
At the end of Robert Fieseler's stunning history of the Johns Committee in the late 1950s and early 1960s, he writes of the idea that "what was old is new again."

And that line perfectly encapsulates the parallels between the ideological 'wars' of that era, which followed closely on the heels of the McCarthy Era, and the ideological 'wars' currently being waged today in America.

It's depressing to think that we've collectively learned nothing - that nothing good comes of targeting one gender, race, sexual orientation, etc. and so we are doing it all again.

And yet it is some small comfort to read a book like American Scare and realize that those who would judge and punish us for being who we are do end up defeated and disgraced, often through their own hubris.

In a sense, that's one of the things carried this book through the horrific things that the Johns Committee did to it's targets, which are not always easy to read.

To see single white female teachers accused of lesbianism (because they had roommates and played in softball leagues) join a lawsuit with a black male music teacher who was strong-armed into admitting to having gotten a blowjob once - and they all lost their teaching licenses - take the suit all the way to the U.S. Supreme Court and win... that's what the important lesson from history is.

To see staff members of the NAACP refuse to turn over lists of names even as the KKK was beating a black dentist with chains and getting away with it, as boxes of dynamite were being left on their doorsteps - and often exploded outright... that's what the important lesson from history is.

To see scholars still working today to shed light on this horrible chapter in American history... that's what the important lesson from history is.

And you have to wonder, given how much the government of Florida went through, and continues to go through, to hide the records of the Johns Committee - from the time they were scandalized by the Purple Pamphlet (which they more or less asked for) to the current governor signing Don't Say Gay and Stop WOKE Acts... if there's nothing horrible there, why hide?

All of this happened because Charley Johns wanted power, and he surrounded himself with people who wanted to mooch off his power. McCarthy had cemented the idea that Communism was bad, and Johns was adept at taking that thread and weaving it into the Jim Crow idea that integration was bad (and segregation was good), so it stood to reason that those arguing for integration were Communists. And Communists, the committee decided, were probably homosexual. They were sure of this even though when investigator was absolutely baffled by and fascinated with how two women could have sex. So they targeted everyone.

But they proved almost nothing; no Communists, one NAACP person went to jail, and hundreds of teachers were stripped of their ability to teach - though almost none of it based on hard evidence.

Along the way, even J. Edgar Hoover's FBI - the master of snooping and adjusting laws to suit the overreach used for his investigations, said the Johns Committee investigators were guilty of bad investigating and nothing they found held any merit.

The fight, though, still ruined thousands of lives.

As it always has, and apparently always will.

I received an advanced copy of American Scare through NetGalley, Dutton, and the author in exchange for an honest and original review. All thoughts are my own.

Please note, I am white and do not identify under the umbrella of LGBTQIA+. I simply believe that no one should be targeted for discrimination because of who they are.
Profile Image for Erin .
1,643 reviews1,529 followers
October 14, 2025
4.5 Stars!

"Power had lynched history, but by an unforeseeable twist, it can be restored. "

In the 1950s Florida a state committee was created to track down "Communists" but it of course turned into a way to attack civil rights groups and eventually its sole purpose became outing gay people mostly teachers. In its 9 years of life, this committee exhausted millions of dollars in today's money and failed to unearth any Communists and it didn't even jail any Black people. It was a failure in one way but a success in another way because it terrified thousands of gay Floridians and ruined lives.

As I read this book I kept thinking about a Florida-based podcast I listen to (Because Miami) the host always says that "What starts in Florida eventually goes nationwide ".

What's old is new again. Instead of "Communists" today's boogeyman is WOKE or Antifa. Fascists have always and will always need an out-group to blame for every ill in America. The 1950s were a long time ago but we are also living it right now. History unfortunately repeats and we are living in a scary time but we will get through it...If we stick together and fight back.


A must read!
Profile Image for Blane.
714 reviews10 followers
July 15, 2025
Nothing gets my hackles up more than when people use terms like “morals” and “tradition” to justify their bigotry and general hatred of "the other". Both terms are prominently invoked in Fieseler’s exhaustive and comprehensive history of the infamous Florida Legislative Investigative Committee (FLIC), aka “Johns Committee”, which was active nine years, from 1956-1965, ruining lives and destroying careers of (primarily) Blacks & “homosexuals” along the way.

All in the name of ferreting out “Communists”...which apparently they never did find.

As Fieseler’s research makes clear, there is a direct link between the unethical behavior of FLIC 70 years ago, Anita Bryant’s abhorrent and vile behavior 50 years ago, Jeb Bush’s “special rights” denials 30 years ago and Ron DeSantis’ “Don’t Say Gay” bill in the 21st century.

All of it couched in the name of “morality” and “tradition”.

All of it a load of horseshit.

Essential & one of the best of 2025.
Profile Image for Emmy P.
332 reviews8 followers
June 18, 2025
When I was given this ARC I was suprised as it isn't my usual genre, but if you are looking for an information-dense recounting of a unique (while also maybe not being all that unique at all) and likely under-reported piece of history, this is the place to come.

I myself am not typically a nonfiction reader, so I truly don't know how I ended up here or how to fairly review this work. What I do know is I feel pretty strongly that these histories deserve a bigger place on our bookshelves, and I found this account to raise a good few interesting talk points on the topic it promotes.

I have no doubt the information in this read will be met with contest and critical review by others who might want to deny the existence of struggle within the socio-political system as it relates to black and queer lives in our American history, however I am also of the belief that despite those criticisms, there is a place for the conversation Robert is asking us to have within the wider historical interest community.

The more we document these stories, the more likely it is we might leave space for a new kind of future for ourselves.
Profile Image for Kayla  Oswald.
316 reviews4 followers
August 15, 2025
I knew Florida’s history was bad I just didn’t know it was THAT bad
Profile Image for karli.
346 reviews177 followers
June 12, 2025
ARC provided by Netgalley and the publisher in exchange for an honest review.

American Scare was probably one of the most thoroughly research and written non-fiction books I have ever read. It would be comparable to a textbook, which at times it was indistinguishable from. I learned a lot about Florida's under the table and outward disdain for Black and Queer people. I can't say I was surprised by the accounts of this book, but the details added more to the horror dealt by the hands of our government. The problem I had with this book, which is probably due to the nature in which it was written at no one's fault but my own, is that I was never captivated by the writing. I just do not think this style of non-fiction is the most catered to me. But if you are a history person who relishes in detailed accounts of political and legislative action, I recommend!
84 reviews2 followers
June 29, 2025
Riveting! Great control and narrative drive here. I’m so glad the author included the story of his research itself because that is so interesting too.
Profile Image for Scott Satterwhite.
183 reviews
September 10, 2025
Although I knew a lot of this story, I don't think I quite understood the depths of the harassment at the levels that these McCarthyists brought upon Floridians. They ruined numerous lives, destroyed several families, and only later in life seem to have the slightest remorse. It is amazing how a small number of self-serving bureaucrats, whose only drive seems to be power at the expense of other people, can destroy with almost no consequences. This book was disturbing, especially in light of modern circumstances, but also inspiring to see how the story was able to finally get out.
651 reviews
April 3, 2025
Too much like reading a history book.
Thanks to the author for my early copy.
108 reviews2 followers
April 10, 2025
I got an advanced copy of this non-fiction book called, "American Scare." Reading it because the subject matter intrigued me. I lived my first forty years of life in Florida. This is both our southern history in Florida in mid-century 1950s as a riveting story of how the Florida government destroyed the lives of Black and its gay citizens during this period in time. It is a book telling the story of old southern racism. This part of the book I can relate to because I lived as a young child during this dark time which I felt something was not right in society. I listened, observed, and experienced the racism. I remember the separate water fountains, luncheon counters at department stores, separate restroom facilities for the colored people. Being a young boy in the 1950s and full of mischievous things to do to my younger sister. I thought it would be funny to take her to the colored restroom instead of the white restroom when asked to take her while my mom shopped. You never heard such noise coming out of the colored restroom when I pushed her inside. A big colored woman came dragging her out and pointing to the white restrooms. She saw me laughing and boy did I get a fright from the lecture she gave me. I remember words such as dangerous, crazy thing to do, what will happen to them because of this act. I did not realize at that time the police could be involved because of the colored women having a little white girl in their restroom. She taught me a life lesson that afternoon. I told her I did not understand the implications of my actions. After our little talk and my apologies she shook my hand and said I would be a good man some day. I was more aware of the racism of my time. Another instance, in Jacksonville, Florida where I lived I often rode on the city transportation bus to our downtown area. Getting on the crowded bus there were no seats. This elderly black grandmother got up and told me to sit down in her place. Being raised a southern gentleman I refused. I told her I was young and could stand easily. I wanted her to have the seat. Her eyes teared up and she told me it was the law. If she did not give up her seat to a white person she could be arrested. Another life lesson of the injustice of the time. I guess I did not have the race gene in me because my parents raised me to respect all adults no matter of their color. This book is a page-turning realistic history of a sad era in our history. I always respected the police but I did witness cruelty to black Americans happening right in front of my eyes in Jacksonville. Reading this epic uncensored story I saw deeper into the abyss of southern racism. Now jumping into the other topic of the horrific things done to the queer citizens of our state. I could not imagine being dragged out of a university class because the person's name had an association to other gay people. This was an eye opening story of this Nazi like actions of our government towards innocent people because the people might have relations in private that goes against the moral beliefs of certain people. I enjoyed and learned lots from this epic look into the 1950s. This book was well researched and had insight into a trove of primary source documents. My hat is off to Robert Fieseler for this soon to be an award winning book especially for anyone interested in American history and into our social and cultural times. I just hope that history never repeats itself.
Profile Image for Off Service  Book Recs.
478 reviews28 followers
June 17, 2025
The story of equal rights in the Unites States is painted with blood, tears, sweat, and treachery. While many students can recall the major events of the 50s and 60s that lead to greater national strides towards equality, the smaller stories of government overreach, abuse, and misuse often go unnoticed - and, in the case of the Florida legislature - many of these tales are purposefully buried. Once upon a time in Florida a legislative committee - nicknamed the "Johns Committee" after Charley Johns, one of its most vocal proponents - used the cover of communism to viciously and unfairly attack those it subtly deemed enemies to Florida's white and conservative regime - from queer university students all the way to the NAACP. Behind closed doors, the Committee lorded over their own inquisitions, using any tactic - legal or illegal - to get what they wanted.

For the first time, the records of these state-sanctioned crimes have come to light with the help of a secret trove of uncensored primary source documents, allowing historians the opportunity to unravel the mystery of what really went on behind closed doors, and who - politicians, citizens, and governmental entities - who orchestrated these attacks on ordinary citizens. Spinning a dramatic tale of local politics, societal upheaval, and human-centered stories of peril and marginalization, journalist Robert W. Fieseler brings together the story of Florida's racist and homophobic past - and its alarming similarity to the state of the country today.

I would not normally be one to day that the back-and-forth of politics is interesting - I usually get my news updates in highlights, and would absolutely fall asleep if forced to watch C-SPAN for any span of time. Though I would consider the happenings of a singular committee in Florida getting on more than half a century ago to be a really niche political topic that would probably be a pretty dry read, the way Fieseler was able to craft this drama had me on the edge of my seat, frantically paging to the next chapter to figure out what would happen to the various players. I had no idea that this committee ever existed and am not from Florida, but was immediately invested in the drama, including the indignation and anger on behalf of the people that were targeted (directly or indirectly) by the snaking tendrils of the Johns Committee.

This was an incredibly thorough investigation that wouldn't have happened without a lot of dogged determination on the part of Feiseler and several dedicated public servants, and I am in awe at the amount of work that went into making this book a reality. The story told here unfortunately feels like a tale as old as time, and the parallels to some of the moves happening in state and federal legislatures feels too acutely real, even from over 50 years away in time and space. I think this is a timely read not only for Pride Month, but as we head towards the first re-openings of local and state elections. So much of what the players in this story were able to accomplish - to the detriment of a lot of Floridians and their families - started in small towns and unopposed local seats. Bravo to Robert Fieseler on a thoroughly researched and loved project, and I will be nabbing your other book ASAP because this was so good!
Profile Image for Jamie Cha.
205 reviews7 followers
July 15, 2025

I received a free ebook from Netgalley in exchange for a fair and unbiased review. I like politics. I really like non-fiction. I knew nothing about the history of what happened in Florida.

The book is fascinating. The book tells so much information about the John's case. The story, to me, was so horrible. With what is going on in this country, today, it was just a lot.

The book doesn't have a happy ending. Things got better ( kind of). The history of this book is so important to know. I am so thankful to the author for writing it. I don't think this is a book that can be read quickly ( at least not for me).

The book is long and detailed. It contains actual letters that were written. I think it's a mixed blessing. The book doesn't sugar coat what was done to the LGBT persons in Florida. Unfortunately, this story probably took place in other states and communities.

It was so hard for me to read a digest so many horrible things happening to good people. At times, I needed a break from the book ( and the bad world we are living in now). The ending of the book, shows that things didn't change much in Florida.

I think this is such an important book for people to read. I think you need to be ok with reading it slowly and at your own pace. Having space to grieve for the people who's lives were damaged by a few people of the state of Florida.

Thank you so MUCH to the author and Netgalley for giving me the opportunity to read this book. Thank you for educating me on something I hadn't heard about before reading this book.
33 reviews1 follower
August 22, 2025
This book has taken me a long time because it can be painful to read.
(amusing comment on a 2-star Goodreads review: "Too much like reading a history book." Um... yes, it is a book of History.)
The hard part for me is that I was a child during much of this horrible attempt to purge Florida of all the "undesirables" -- communists, Blacks and queers. Of course, I had no idea that all of this was going on within 40 miles of my hometown, but I can't help wondering how my parents and grandparents felt about it.
I'll never know. And maybe that's for the best.
Now we see it all happening again.
Profile Image for notjasmincruise.
31 reviews
December 8, 2025
This book had really solid material — super informative, well-researched, and definitely worth knowing about.

But the writing style just wasn’t for me. It wasn’t that it was hard to understand, it just felt dense in a way that made it difficult to stay engaged. I had to put it down twice because I kept losing momentum.

Glad I read it, but it was more of an “ I appreciated it, didn’t love reading it”
Profile Image for Tamela Gordon.
114 reviews28 followers
December 10, 2025
As a Black American and Cuban woman who once lived in Miami, I really enjoyed this book. Very honest and informative. Miami is a very unique city with a long history of racism. This book does a brilliant job getting outsiders up to speed.
15 reviews
August 31, 2025
This is an exquisite, beautifully researched historical account. It’s also a cautionary tale of what can happen when we don’t pay close attention to what’s going on in our state legislatures.
Profile Image for Abbie.
263 reviews26 followers
December 27, 2025
Hard to read history of the state level attack on Black and Queer citizens. I’m glad I read this book, but not uplifting
Profile Image for Cass.
242 reviews5 followers
January 29, 2026
I'm surprised this isn't a more popular book
Profile Image for Raven Grant.
140 reviews3 followers
May 22, 2025
An important recollection of all the harm done under the hands of the Charley John's and associates and even when he wasn't an elected official in the state of Florida and his investigations into "communism" that ended up sprouting into a witch hunt against the gay community and black community in Florida.
From accusing the NAACP of Communism (which goes against the morals of the organization) to making it as difficult as possible for a person of color to get anything done in the state of Florida, even after desegregation laws were passed.
They're is also the harm done to the LGBTQIA community because of Johns and his associates adding to the "Lavender Scare", where he and his administration went and hunted gay men and women because they found them to go against the administrations morals.
I absolutely loved this as it gave a real account of how and why Florida seems to be so far behind politically still. It took a bit to process but I am glad I read it. Thanks NetGalley and Dutton for this ARC read
568 reviews2 followers
June 11, 2025
Thanks to NetGalley and Dutton for the eARC!

This book was so well-researched and written. The topic was both timely and important; it's phenomenal that this piece of history won't be lost forever (even though the perpetrators tried to erase it from history).
It was so moving to read about how single-mindedly this group of white men went after people they thought were homosexual (as well as Black people), and how awfully (and illegally) they were treated in the "pursuit" of this knowledge.
While there were times when the amount of detail felt overwhelming, I think Fieseler does a great job at the end of explaining the importance of including all of these details.
It's amazing how timely this book still is, and I highly recommend it.
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