Just after finishing this book I thought I could sum it up in one sentence: another drama caused by the desire for male domination over women. And finally, even if the book is obviously of much greater and more important interest, this remains very true. But I would still like to explain the reasons why I liked this piece and why I regret that it has practically fallen into oblivion like much of George Sand's work.
First of all, I saw a lot of people who mainly remembered from this play the visionary aspect of Gabriel's character with regard to sexuality. And indeed it would be in bad faith to totally deny Gabriel's resemblance and link with the non-binarity that we talk about a lot today. Indeed, throughout the book, Gabriel's gender identity is very confused. according to the habit and interest of each, who named him Gabriel or Gabrielle. So those who were charged with educating her as a man can only resolve with difficulty and great effort to call her "mademoiselle". In return, her husband, who would like to see her only in her feminine aspect, constantly calls her Gabrielle.The dialogues between the characters are therefore completely borrowed from this succession of different genders that no one finds strange. It is interesting to say that in her correspondence with her lover Musset, Georges Sand is successively called "my friend" "my dear George" and sometimes by feminine nicknames, which refers directly to Gabriel because Georges Sand was also known for cross-dressing . The main character himself declares: "As for me, I don't think my soul has a sex."It is therefore obvious that Gabriel (the novel) is the symbol that gender is socially constructed, and that without an education biased by gender stereotypes, identity is not so obvious. We also see that Astolphe says several times that even if Gabriel's head and mind are influenced by a masculine education, his heart has escaped this influence. He considers that since she is sweet she can only be a woman after all. and yet Gabriel says it clearly at the beginning: there are no feelings or reactions that are specifically masculine or feminine. The reaction is relative and circumstantial to the event and not determined by gender. so it is not because she is a woman that she is afraid in a dangerous situation, but simply because this situation naturally engenders fear .
However, I don't think we can go so far as to say that this book is about transidentity.Quite simply because in this story "nature does not make mistakes". Gabrielle does not want to become a man because she does not feel like a woman, she cross-dresses to be able to be free, which makes a big difference. It is not a question of contradictory feelings but rather of a desire for freedom. If dressing like a man is the only way to be free, then she does it. . but it is on this sole condition, the oppression of the female sex, that she does so.In both cases she wants to escape submission and subjugation whether in the masculine form (living as a man to obey her grandfather) or feminine (having to submit to a man in marriage)As proof, she is relieved to finally be able to understand that she is a woman, just as she is relieved to resume her men's clothes when she pleases. Gabriel wants to be free and gender expectations oppress her.
This brings us to the most obvious interest of this book: the condition of women. This book is moving because it shows the impossibility for a woman to be free and treated equally as soon as she becomes attached to a man. Indeed, we expect at the beginning that Astolphe loves her and treats her with respect just as he did when he thought she was a man. but it is clear that the way he treats her changes when she accepts being a woman in his eyes Little by little he becomes jealous and suspicious and accuses her wrongly and everywhere. Love gives way to the desire for domination and complete possession . he wants to hide her and doesn't want her to go near other men even when she's in disguise . The most horrifying passage is his confession of keeping her with him through marriage, showing in this way the carceral and liberticidal nature of marriage at the time for women . love is no longer the driving force behind his actions, it is the will to dominate.Ironically, Astolphe allows himself to spend the night with a prostitute.
but this is not surprising since he is a man of his time, where women are despised.We see this with Gabrielle's education because to convince her that he is a man, she is taught to despise women and their weakness.
The worst thing is that some women internalize this, like Astolphe's mother who hates Gabrielle because she doesn't find her enough in her place as a woman. She thinks her resignation and devotion are proof of virtue when she is just purely subservient .
This play is therefore a call for the improvement of women's education and above all a desire for equality between the sexes in this education. It is also a call for equality in human relationships because all Gabrielle would like is to live with the man she loves without difference in treatment. But George Sand knows that she will probably never see this moment because men and women are so trapped in this system that it will take them a long time to get out of it.It is for the moment only an ideal that seems almost divine. This is what she cruelly makes Astolphe say " Descend then from the empyrean where you mislead your daring flight, and have patience under the yoke of life. Raise your desires to God alone, or consent to be loved like a mortal.You will never meet a lover who is not jealous of you, that is to say, greedy for you, suspicious, tormented, unjust, despotic."
In the end, the tragic outcome seems to be the only possibility given the impossibility of changing men and their behavior.
It reminded me of a movie, Yentle by Barbra Streisand Even though the historical context is completely different, in both cases the revelation of the female gender allows love to be brought to light, but that's also what kills it. Yet in both cases the romantic relationship is doomed to failure because man always ends up wanting to establish domination and reduce the freedom of the woman he is supposed to love by reducing her to her social role as a woman. It's crazy how a person's gender breaks the egalitarian human relationship that existed between two people when a man thinks his neighbor is of the same sex. In the film, when Avigdor realizes that his brilliant friend whom he admires is a woman who disguised herself to study the Talmud, he says that it is wonderful and that she will finally be able to resume her place as a traditional woman . And similarly, the honor and free spirit that Gabriel acquired thanks to his education and his disguise as a man, Astolphe admires it and this is what makes him love Gabrielle, and yet he ends up by wanting to take this away from her by imposing on her the role of a submissive wife .
Actually I think this book is terrifying because it's really too real. And this is probably what makes this work so brilliant, especially for the time.