Wow, that was quick. I don’t usually get through books rapidly but managed this one in a day, it is pacey – and it is short (the 244 pages are quite big font, well spaced). Most nations have a significant foundation point, 1066 – the battle of Hastings is England’s, and 1014 – the battle of Clontarf is Ireland’s equivalent. Unlike Hastings where the invaders win in Clontarf the Vikings are defeated. Except, as this book shows, there were Irish and Vikings on both sides. 1014, Brian Boru and the Battle for Ireland by Morgan Llywelyn is a very fast paced and compelling book on Brian Boru’s life, the buildup to and battle of Clontarf. Despite the name the battle itself only takes up about a third of the book – the rest is providing colour by introducing us to the fragmented politics of Ireland of the time, a range of Irish kings and Viking Jarls, and how war was fought.
This was a wonderful read. Despite knowing very little of Irish medieval history I found it easy to get into and then engrossing. You can tell that Llywelyn is a historical novelist as this reads quite like one. There is a clear arc provided by taking the whole of Brian Boru’s life rather than the battle. While not of low status Boru has a considerable rise from a younger sun of a minor chief to high King of Ireland. He works with the Vikings inviting trade rather than always fighting and takes some steps towards unifying Ireland. But ultimately Boru fails to escape the shifting politics of the time, other Irish chiefs and kings as well as Viking Jarls are jealous, and a coalition is built against him which culminates with the Battle of Clontarf.
I felt that the book was building to there being some tactical trick or innovation to win the battle – Boru studying classical warfare is mentioned (p207) but if so he looks to have ignored how the romans fought, they always had reserves, Boru had none. So, I felt a bit cheated when there was no such thing. The actual cause of the Leinster/Viking side breaking is not very well explained – as a seagoing peoples the tide coming in, even a high tide, callusing such panic does not seem to me to be very plausible. And if this is discounted then Clontarf can’t be said to be a very tactically astute battle, a battle of attrition with the Leinster/Viking side ultimately trapped - which could have led to a stand at all costs mentality rather than breaking, so perhaps Boru’s victory was partially luck. Llywelyn briefly suggests a feigned flight (pp232-3) as at Hastings may have been the breakthrough but it would be far harder to take advantage of without cavalry (although Boru did create Irish cavalry (p81) their use in the battle is not mentioned) – in an infantry battle it would just mean both sides shield walls have been breached.
Llywelyn in the introduction points out how little is known about this period of history “Three things are certain: Brian Boru actually lived. A great battle took place in 1014. And Ireland won.” (p14) Considering this I would be interested to know how much of the account is certain fact, what sources attest to for what parts, and what bits are speculative. And unfortunately, on this count the book does badly. AAARGH there are no footnotes! just a bibliography. There are lots of bits where we get quite a detailed description of a scene in an event for example a main antagonist, Sitric Silkbeard’s, journey to build an alliance with Sigurd in Orkney (pp.118-24) including details like Sigurd’s mouth falling open in astonishment which I presume to be taking license making an assumption to build the narrative but could have been mentioned in the sagas. While I don’t have a problem including speculation as it is often justified but it really should be flagged so the reader knows.
This makes it really difficult for me to provide a rating for this book. I loved the writing and narrative yet have really big concerns about not being able to tell what is from sources (which does not mean it is fact!) and what is speculative. As a readable book providing the colour of a period it is clearly a 5. If this were a dry book claiming to be a history I would have thrown it away as a 2 with a barrage of complaints! For consistency with previous ratings I have given when I have concerns about sources it is a 3.
Definitely read if you want an introduction to this period of Irish history. But perhaps best ignored if you are looking for a book to use to jump further into the period and dig into the sources.