From award-winning journalist Joseph Lee, an exploration of Indigenous identity that builds on the author’s experiences and questions as an Aquinnah Wampanoag from Martha’s Vineyard.
Growing up Aquinnah Wampanoag, Joseph Lee grappled with what it means to be an Indigenous person in the world today, especially as tribal land, culture, and community face new threats. Starting with the story of his own tribe, which is from the iconic Martha’s Vineyard, Lee tackles key questions around Indigenous identity and the stubborn legacy of colonialism.
Lee weaves his own story—and that of his family—with conversations with Indigenous leaders, artists, and scholars from around the world about everything from culture and language to climate change and the politics of belonging. As he unpacks the meaning of Indigenous identity, Lee grants us a new understanding of our nation and what a better community might look like.
this is a moving meditation on the legacy of colonialism and what it means for the Indigenous to belong and find home on this stolen land. i will never forget the personal and historical accounts Joseph Lee powerful shares in this monumental debut. i learned so much about Martha’s Vineyard, Northern California, and Alaska - the last of which is a place I hold particularly dear to my heart.
i honestly learned so much from this book and appreciate how the author managed to tell the history of his people while also incorporating very unique stories of his growing up. we didn’t learn very much the history of indigenous people in the US when we were younger so this was fascinating to learn about different areas of famous US land (Martha’s Vineyard) that was originally inhabited with a large indigenous population. i also enjoyed learning about the author’s experience growing up as a multiracial person in the US and how he leaned into his family and culture.
*I got this book through a Goodreads Giveaway as an advanced copy Such a good book and completely blew my expectations away. I was hooked from the beginning. I loved the memoir style and the connections to journalism. It is very apparent through the style of the book that the author is a journalist, but unlike other books where this is the case, it is not at all a bad thing. In fact, it enhanced the story because the author wrote detailed descriptions and accounts of the settings and events. There were a couple of typos in the middle of the book that distracted somewhat from my reading, but other than that, I have no complaints. I am currently living in Central MA, and I have never heard of the Native Americans in Martha’s Vineyard, so it was really eye-opening to read about the community. The author also brought in his experiences interviewing indigenous communities in other countries, which inspired me to write an essay on an indigenous community in Peru for my Latin American Politics class. Lastly, I loved how the author acknowledged all of the flawed systems that impact his life and commented on his relationship with each of them. It’s a powerful theme that runs throughout the book, and everyone can relate to it regardless of their identity.
I learned so much from this book. Most of it is set in Martha’s Vineyard, which is local to me, and I was shocked by how much of the information was completely new. It was eye-opening to realize just how much Native history has been erased from American history—even when it’s happening right outside your door. I really appreciated how Lee wove in his personal experiences with his Native identity while also highlighting the rich and diverse histories of Indigenous peoples around the world. This book definitely inspired me to dig deeper into the history of the land I live on.
(Note: I received an advanced reader copy of this book courtesy of NetGalley)
As a non-native American, I appreciated the opportunity that author Joseph Lee provided for me to explore previously unrealized complexities when it comes to major issues of indigenous identity, sovereignty, and community, amongst other issues.
And as a born-and-raised New Englander, I also was honestly very thankful for the opportunity to learn so much about the Aquinnah Wampanoag - a native nation that has been existing right here in my home region that I was admittedly completely unaware about until I first picked up this book.
And in general, as someone whose education was almost dead silent on all things indigenous, I’m just appreciative in general for Nothing More of This Land and all that I was able to take from it.
A very personal memoir of Lee’s discovery of what it means to be a Wampanoag, indigenous. While I felt he talked around the questions or problems too much, I found Lee’s conclusions were insightful and helpful even for us non-indigenous folks. Being a third-generation Italian immigrant to the US, I am neither of my grandparents’ Sicily nor have the “blood quantum” of a New Englander, nevertheless, it is relationship, community, and problem-solving together that enriches my hometown, not how many generations any of us have lived here. The blood quantum guide that many tribes still use to exclude tribespeople of “mixed race” is fascinating, repulsive, and instructive. Tribes such as the Cherokees had slaves. Later, those Freedmen while raised, grown into the native culture, were denied this native heritage. The exclusion has become more prolific with the creation of casinos , whose profits are often dispersed among enrolled tribe members. Greater disenrollment means greater profit for the remaining tribe members. There’s a quote from Gabe Galanda, an attorney who has represented some Freedmen in their effort to remain part of a tribe, “ My biggest concern about the state of Indigenous Americans today is we are overtly consumed with economies and monies and individualism rather than relationships based in reciprocity and duty to one another, to land, to water, to air, to animals.” This much could be said for all Americans. Galanda’s argument of abolishing disenrollment is that all members, even those with partial lineage, strengthen the tribe with individual and differing perspectives. That much could be said for maintaining a healthy immigration policy for the US, and encouraging open trade of people, goods, and culture.
Just finished, “Nothing More of This Land,” an incredible memoir and analysis of the history of the Aquinnah Wampanoag on Martha’s Vineyard and beyond. Weaving personal stories of trying to find identity, with meticulously researched history, Lee discusses how the Aquinnah have fought (and still are fighting) for their sovereignty and cultural and linguistic identity. Readers take a journey through the Aquinnah Wampanoag creation story, to the first contact with European colonists, the relatively slow development of MV itself and its modern assumption as an entirely white, wealthy tourist destination. How this has impacted Aquinnah people and community, and the broader, complex effort for Indigenous sovereignty worldwide. (PS. I grew up in MA my whole life, spent time on the Cape, volunteered with Mashpee Wampanoag organizations, visited and volunteered with Aquinnah Wampanoag folks and am just learning this history now. It’s embarrassing! We have to do better down to our local schools and communities to teach more accurate history)!
I am familiar with Martha’s Vineyard the way many people are…it is the vacation destination of the extremely wealthy. It is also the home of Gay Head Lighthouse, and I am a lighthouse aficionado. I thought I knew a good amount about the island, but I was mistaken. I never knew anything about its Native American history.
In this book Joseph Lee takes the reader to Martha’s Vineyard, where his family owns land and where he spent many summers working in his parent’s souvenir shop. He also takes us to Alaska and Northern California, outlining some of the enormous hurdles indigenous people face while trying to keep or reclaim their land. The US Federal Government did not make it easy. From Martha’s Vineyard to Alaska, and throughout the US, this was, and still is, an insurmountable battle.
I always knew a little bit about the injustices Native Americans faced. In my defense, albeit a feeble one, the subject was never taught 50 / 60 years ago when I was in school. In fact, the subject was avoided entirely. I have taken an interest recently, I’m learning a great deal, and I highly recommend this book.
I had heard this author, Joseph Lee, interviewed on NPR as he spoke about being Aquinnah Wampanoag. In doing my genealogy I discovered I am a descendant of the Wampanoag people (Quadequina Chief Wampanoag 11th great grandfather) so I was excited to read this book. I learned many things and I'm grateful I bought his book so I can refer back to it as I continue researching my ancestors.
A well-researched exploration of the utility and limitations of federal recognition and tribal sovereignty, both nationally and internationally, and an affecting personal reflection on what it means to be Indigenous in America.
Somewhere between memoir and reported subject & I’m not sure exactly where it lands. I would have loved a bit more of a strong push in either direction— but maybe existing in this liminal, hybrid space is exactly the point :) full of really vivid history and details about a place I have come to love & so many helpful perspectives and new framing for how to think about indigenous issues more expansively. Also the ending scene of Joseph clamming is so tranquil and beautiful
Most of us know Martha’s Vineyard as a vacation destination—a summer haven for the wealthy, celebrity, and political elites of the Northeast. For Joseph Lee and his family, however, the Vineyard is their home. It’s not necessarily where they live—Lee himself, in fact, has also been a summer visitor for most of his life—but it’s the land of the Aquinnah Wampanoag, their Indigenous tribe, which farmed the island, fished its waters, and lived next to its red clay cliffs long before John Belushi or Bill Clinton showed up.
Lee wrestles with his own relationship to Martha’s Vineyard, as well as that of the greater Aquinnah Wampanoag community, in his new nonfiction book, Nothing More of This Land: Community, Power, and the Search for Indigenous Identity. Growing up, Lee says, “The only frames I had for understanding Native history were absence and genocide.” Stories of Indigenous tribes slaughtered and driven off their land in the western United States didn’t fit with the Wampanoag’s history, which was more about a gradual dispersal as tribal members (including Lee’s great-grandfather) left the island. As a result, there is a Wampanoag diaspora within the United States—and the risk that those who remain on Martha’s Vineyard can be thought of as the “real” Wampanoag, while others are somehow lesser. Lee pushes back against this inferred hierarchy, noting that “Moving from the island in search of opportunity is not a deviation or departure from Wampanoag identity, it is a part of it.”
Still, it has sometimes been difficult for Lee and other Aquinnah Wampanoag who live elsewhere to participate fully in tribal politics or maintain connections with a community and culture deeply rooted in Martha’s Vineyard. For decades, Wampanoag governance took place in-person at meetings on the island, and there was a lack of transparency that frustrated and distanced those who could not attend. Only the Covid-19 pandemic forced a change, as the tribe (after some initial reluctance and technical difficulties) scrambled to organize virtual sessions that could, in turn, include anyone who wished to participate. “In a strange way,” Lee observes, “the restrictions from the pandemic led to the best access for off-island tribal members in our history.” Aquinnah Wampanoag who had grown apart from the tribe could now reconnect through a conscientious and inclusive use of technology.
Lee explains for non-Indigenous readers of Nothing More of This Land the ins and outs of how sovereign tribes operate within the United States, sometimes comparing policies here with those in other countries to show alternative possibilities. Despite this big-picture element, the heart of his work lies in Aquinnah (formerly Gay Head), the Indigenous town at the eastern tip of Martha’s Vineyard where his grandparents opened a souvenir shop that Lee’s parents now operate. Working in the shop, Lee reflects on “the many sacrifices that tourism and colonialism demand of us,” grappling with the performance of Indigenous identity for outsiders that has provided his family’s livelihood for multiple generations. Summer visitors to the Vineyard like the charm of having the Aquinnah Wampanoag there and will talk a good game about respecting their ties to the land—until that land’s value proves too irresistible to ignore. (Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis, for example, wound up in a protracted legal battle with the Wampanoag over the rights to a slice of beachfront located on her 340-acre property.) Such conflicts don’t just affect tribes living near up-market real estate like the Wampanoag, Lee notes. “The price might fluctuate from place to place, but the more I learn about other tribes and indigenous nations, the more I realize that we’re all dealing with the same issue. Everyone wants our land, no matter where it is or what condition it is in.”
Nothing More of This Land is a skillful blend of history, memoir, and current events—a deeply personal investigation into identity and community. Ultimately, Lee decides, “The way we think about Indigenous identity may shift from generation to generation, but what really matters is that we do what we can to ensure future generations have as many options as possible and a strong relationship with land and community.” Indigenous identity, in this sense, means more than carrying a tribal ID card. It requires active engagement with the community and culture and conscious decisions to share them with others and pass them on to the next generation.
I don't know much about Martha’s Vineyard, other than it sounded like a place rich people go for vacation, the well-known "Chappaquiddick incident" with Ted Kennedy, etc. I think I had a classmate or co-worker who mentioned going only because a rich friend/acquaintance had invited them and/or they had family who worked the tourist season, etc. So I had even less knowledge of the Aquinnah Wampanoag.
Lee is a journalist with a story of how he lived and grew up in the shadow of all of this. He has a mixed ancestry (including Japanese, Chinese, European, African) and it was interesting to read about his family's story and how he got here, weaving it into the history of Martha's Vineyard, the Aquinnah Wampanoag, and his own journal of learning and understanding what it means to be Indigenous in what is now known as the United States. He also discusses what it can look like for other peoples in other situations and other Native/Indigenous peoples in the US. (From Alaska's governance system to casinos, etc.) He also looks at what it is in a non-US perspective.
Overall I thought it was a mixed bag: it is at its strongest in the earliest chapters when it focuses on him and his family, Martha's Vineyard, the Aquinnah Wampanoag, etc. Lee's discussions about sovereignty, disenrollment, etc. and his own thoughts about various topics are sprinkled throughout as he does his own research and reporting as a journalist and those parts were the best. When he talks about other peoples and their situations/struggles/experiences it is still good but it also felt a bit more like a journalism exercise + the marketing made it seem like it was about his specific experiences.
Still, it is very good and it is definitely a good read. Sometimes books like this throw too much research (which can be good and bad but for a book like this the amount felt just right) but I appreciated that this was not an information dump but rather case studies in some ways to contrast what different peoples/nations/tribes experience. If you're familiar with some of these issues you'll know that there is additional reporting out there that you can look into for more information.
Glad I read it, think it's a good and readable (not academic and not too "journalist" as I don't really care for many books written by people who are journalists first) and I'd recommend it overall. I got it at he library but wouldn't have minded if I waited for a paperback version.
In Nothing More of This Land, Joseph Lee, a mixed-race journalist and member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe investigates the ways various tribes operate in terms of their daily activities, tribal government, and methods of inclusion. Lee aims to see what it means to be indigenous at this point in history. Is it a connection to native land that attaches someone most closely to their community? Or is it carrying important tribal values close to the heart no matter where one goes? And while Lee does scrounge up some insights from time to time, his answers about tribal identity overall are disappointing.
Lee’s own struggles with his native identity provide some of the more fascinating portions of the book. He spent some time growing up at Aquinnah in Martha’s Vineyard, which is the original home of a branch of the Wampanoag but also a place for vacation homes for the super wealthy. Lee didn’t live there most of the year and also wasn’t rich, which left him feeling adrift from both worlds. Additionally, he would work in his family's gift shop. Since tourists wanted what they believed to be a traditional Indian experience, he would have to play up the stereotypical aspects of the culture to make sales, which alienated him even further.
He also raises some provocative questions about tribal identity more broadly. For instance, the federal government’s criteria for legitimating tribes is arbitrary and prone to yielding different answers to the same questions at different points in time. As Lee pointedly puts it, “It is strange being blamed for things that were done to you because you were Indian and then being told that because those things happened, you’re not Indian anymore.” The government’s determining tribal status is a vestige of colonialism. If you ask many tribal elders, they will tell you that paperwork means little. Instead, action and active leadership are what give a tribe real sovereignty.
But for as many questions as Lee raises about identity, he never provides a new paradigm to understand it. And even if the concept of identity is a flawed one, he offers no real alternative to it. What he does offer in the end, through several chapters of tribal comparisons, is that identity and community are complex. Each tribe has its differences, yet there are similar tensions that run through all of them. This is nice, but I was hoping for something more profound.
Joseph V. Lee blends memoir, history, and reporting to create a complex picture of what it means to be Indigenous.
Growing up, Lee spent summers on Martha's Vineyard, connecting with his Wampanoag heritage by learning the language and traditional skills. As he reckons with his identity as Wampanoag, Chinese, and Japanese, he looks to other tribes around the world to determine the unifying tenets of Indigeneity.
Most of the Indigenous memoirs I've read have been from tribes that were violently removed from their lands and forced into the West. Or First Nations. But I had never read a book where people were living on their original lands in the Northeast U.S. Being from Massachusetts, I appreciated seeing how a tribe lived, survived, and thrived in my state. Lee discusses how the Wampanoag were not forced to recognize blood quantum and how that gave him a different, more accepting and inclusive experience, than Black Cherokees (Freedmen), for example.
Lee's research enriched his personal narrative and helped to illustrate that Indigenous people are not a monolith. While they may have some of the same values, historical trauma, and goals, no tribe is exactly the same.
I also enjoyed when Lee detailed his growing involvement with the tribe. He discussed the challenge of keeping members who had moved involved in the political aspects of the tribe. His own severing from information informed that. COVID actually became a turning point as virtual meetings rose to prominence, more members were able to participate in tribal government, particularly important votes about a gaming facility.
I took my time reading this short book and I'm glad I took the time to savor it.
Joseph Lee's journalistic roots shine clear in this reflective exploration of Indigenous identity and what it means to be Native in the 21st century. Lee explores the effects of colonialism, especially on the tribal lands of the Aquinnah Wampanoag. Lee details how the structures of colonialism, the Kennedys (Onassis), and the movie Jaws gave way to luxury tourism, thus changing the property values and tribal members' ability to own/retain land. Lee takes a deep dive into the racism, sovereignty, systematic removal, and blood quantum and the ways these have affected our tribal communities and identities as Indigenous peoples.
This book is one of the most important books I have read as someone with mixed heritage- Irish/Scottish/Odawa. So often I have felt "less than" because the colonial structures of blood quantum exclude me from tribal enrollment. One of Lee's thought-provoking statements was about seeking external validation of his Indigenous identity which I have found that I have been also seeking. This book made me take a second to reflect on how colonization has infiltrated my own mind and how I have let that shape my own identity as an Indigenous woman. I am so grateful to have read this book and for Lee's generosity in sharing his own experience, as well as his exploration of other Indigenous nations.
Nothing More of This Land isn’t a light read, but it is such an important book that offers a unique and personal look into the struggles of an Indigenous tribe located in the area now known as Martha’s Vineyard. The author takes us through the challenges his tribe faces as they try to survive in a place where the cost of living has skyrocketed due to tourism, and average homes are selling for millions.
What makes the book really compelling is the author’s heartfelt argument for the rights of Indigenous people to not just survive but thrive in their ancestral lands, despite the economic forces at play. Lee shows that somewhere that may be seen as paradise by outsiders is grappling with issues such as gentrification, rising property prices, and the slow erasure of native communities.
This isn’t just a book about the past, it’s a powerful, urgent call for recognition and respect for Indigenous cultures and histories. If you’re looking to better understand the complexities of these issues and the fight to protect cultural heritage, this book is a must-read. It’s not just an eye-opening story, it’s a reminder of how important it is to support Indigenous communities and their right to shape their own future.
What a powerful and convicting book about the indigenous peoples around the world. Once the colonizers "visit" their land, it is all over for the Indigenous people and their former way of life. What was most shocking to me is that this is occurring all over the world and has been continuous.
This memoir discusses many issues about colonialism, sovereignty, the retaking of tribal lands, government recognition, as well as racism, xenophobia, and entitlement. Joseph doesn't pull any punches, but he writes in a way that makes it understandable.
The most fascinating part of this memoir is that Joseph interweaves his family stories to explain and understand his indigenous and non-indigenous ancestry. He is Cantonese (like my daughter), Japanese, and Aquinnah Wampanoag. Is he or is he not the American dream? That is for Joseph to answer long after I am gone.
This book is for you if you enjoy indigenous authors, indigenous history, indigenous books, or just want to read a non-whitewashed retelling of colonialism. Read this book to learn the truth!
Thanks Atria/One Signal Publishers for the gifted ARC book.
In Nothing More of This Land, Lee, an Aquinnah Wampanoag writer, explores what it means to be Indigenous and the challenges faced by Indigenous communities.
Lee’s writing is compelling. His combination of memoir and journalistic narrative from conversations with other Indigenous people across the globe provides a nuanced look at Indigenous life and a reminder that Indigenous people are not a monolith.
I would venture to guess that a sizable percentage of tourists to what is now called Martha’s Vineyard are unaware that the land was the Wampanoag people’s home, that their home was stolen, and the legacy of colonialism is still felt deeply today. Lee addresses how the island has become less and less affordable for tribal members and what community growth looks like when many live off-island.
There’s a lot thoughtfully packaged in these 200-something pages. Lee approaches complex issues with the insight needed to make them understandable, rightfully arguing that Indigenous people should not only be surviving but thriving on their lands. A central theme is the tendency of Indigenous people to be forward-thinking, striving to make things better for future generations.
Lee’s story and the stories of the other Indigenous people he includes are what we need to be reading to correct the skewed lessons we grew up with. I’m appreciative that he’s shared this with us and highly recommend picking up In Nothing More of This Land.
In "Nothing More of This Land, " Joseph V. Lee blends his own life story with those of Indigenous communities across the world, creating a powerful and personal read that will stick with readers for a long time.
Lee is a journalist and member of the Aquinnah Wampanoag tribe, and what makes this book stand out is how real and grounded it feels. Lee isn’t trying to speak for all indigenous people, but instead shows just how wide and varied Indigenous experiences truly are. He starts on Martha’s Vineyard, where his own tribe has deep roots, and takes readers on a global journey from Alaska to the UN and places in-between. Along the way, readers are able to meet people trying to hold on to their culture, fight for their land, and find their place in a world that often pushes them aside.
This book is not just a dry lesson in history; it’s truly honest, eye-opening, and feels deeply human. While Lee doesn’t shy away from hard truths, he does make room for hope, resilience, and pride. For readers seeking a better understanding of Indigenous identity and the real current issues facing these communities, "Nothing More of This Place" is a great place to start learning.
Part memoir, part history, and part reflection on indigenous identity, Nothing More of This Land is a remarkable book. Joseph Lee grew up spending summers at his extended family's property in Aquinah, a Wampanoag community on the remote western edge of the island of Martha's Vineyard, where his parents at time also operated a souvenir shop. Martha's Vineyard is known for Jaws, the Kennedy family, and a Presidential vacation spot, a place where property values are soaring as it becomes a playground for the East Coast elite. Lee's book documents how the Aquinah Wampanoag persevere and try to maintain community even when the majority of the people (like Lee) no longer reside on the island. Lee also explores his own mixed identity which is a blend of Wampanoag, Japanese, and Chinese. Lee expands this exploration by meeting with indigenous people not just in other North American communities but in South America and Oceania. All in all, this feels like a very important book about what it means to be indigenous in the 21st century and how indigenous people can not just survive but thrive.
This was such an eye opening memoir, I learned so much. This is not a light read, this has so much information and gives a lot of insight to the author's community. It's insane the amount of history all those generations of people in his family have with being on the reservations and off island. I am first generation but the similarities of their experience and mine were mindblowing. The meetings for their community to come together, the need to keep a language alive because if not it'll die out that much sooner, as well as the feeling of otherness. This country was taken and because of the amount of people and the way this country was built, the history of this country is so complex. I knew that we were not getting the full story in school, we got a version of history but never the full thing. We need to read more diverse stories like this to get another piece of the puzzle that is the history of this country. Thank you Atria Books and NetGalley for this ARC in exchange for an honest review.
Nothing More of this Land is an incredible deep dive into Joseph Lee's research on and first hand experience with Indigenous identity and community. Lee focuses his storytelling around the history of the Aquinnah Wampanoag and introduces us to his experience growing up as part of this community. We are introduced to complex topics such as tribal sovereignty, land ownership, and tribal membership.
Lee's thoughts and experiences with these topics propel him to learn more about how other tribal communities in America wrestle with these issues as well as how they impact Indigenous populations all over the world.
I found this book to be incredibly informative and thought provoking. Lee illuminates the devastating impacts of colonialism on Indigenous populations across the globe, while also sharing an incredible message of hope and optimism for the future.
Thank you to Atria Books and Joseph Lee for the copy of this book I received through Goodreads Giveaways!
Maybe closer to 3.5 but the last couple part of the book won me over.
I’ve read a lot of indigenous books and while it’s not my fav but still good. The author spends a lot of time focusing on his exploration of his indigenous identity and his family’s experience with their land and the role they play in their tribe. At times it was a bit repetitive but it’s always important to hear people’s own journey and the repetition does make it hard to ignore the messages he tried to drive home.
My favorite part was when he explored similarities and unique experience from other indigenous groups (Bethel and Ryūkyū sound cool to visit and learn from). I also didn’t know really anything about Martha’s Vineyard so it was cool to learn about it through this POV. I also really liked learning about dams and indigenous land management versus government run. Very informative book overall :)
Really touching and tender book about a place I also love very much and a huge part of its history that hasn’t been told widely and well enough until now. Something I didn’t expect and loved was how much the book broadens outward, starting with childhood, history and family stories in Aquinnah and then going wider and wider to questions of indigenous sovereignty and identity across the US and beyond it. I loved the section about Alaska especially—something very poignant to me about the way Lee connected so profoundly with people from all over the world around similar struggles but also around profound connections to the natural world. I’ll be really interested to read his reporting, because many of the stories he summarizes here sound so fascinating and complex.
This was an interesting story about a Native American tribe that was indigenous to the area now called Martha’s Vineyard. The author discusses his mixed race ancestry and his tribes efforts to survive where there is limited financial resources in an area where the tourist industry has caused the average homes to sell for millions of dollars. The author makes a compelling case for the rights of the indigenous people to maintain their land and cultural identity. His viewpoint is of a sympathetic story that you see played out in other tourist areas like Santa Fe, New Mexico and the Hawaiian Islands.
As Joseph Lee reviews the history of his tribe, he pulls in information from other tribes and indigenous peoples. I lived in Alaska for many years. I currently live in Oklahoma. Both states have developed an uneasy co-existence with their history. Lee's experiences mirror those of most members; in order to survive, they must put aside their history. To preserve their history, they must remain in areas with little chance of advancement. There is a growing tribal presence that helps to advance the retention of languages and culture. Lee's book is one of the many that have helped garner support for American history to include the true stories of the first peoples.
A brief history of the Aquinnah Wampanoag in Martha’s Vineyard combined with personal stories and international examples of colonialism of native people. A very personal account for Lee. One seemingly obvious thing I learned/somehow never thought about before: Blood quantum policies that determine eligibility for native tribal membership require a certain percentage of native ancestry vs the “one drop” rule where any amount of African ancestry identified someone as black (107). Proof that the government had an interest (and a method) for keeping black people black and reducing the number of native people.