Sy Garte is a biochemist who has published over 200 papers in peer-reviewed academic journals, and who found a faith in God well into his adult life. In this book he makes two main arguments; one is more overarching and the other is a thesis based in biochemistry:
1. Many Christians and many skeptics/scientists are too split and sometimes hostile toward one another on the topic of evolution, in which, as Garte argues, the topic is not worthy of such polarization. On one end you have the Christians who believe that evolution is a flagrancy toward the Bible and any advocacy would be in direct opposition to God's Word. What Garte points out is that even the most biblically literalistic group, like the young-earth creationists, grant evolution, just at a different point in time than secularists believe. On the other end you have the skeptics who treat aspects of neo-Darwinian evolution as dogma which should not be challenged, very similar to how some of the Christians would think in the opposite form. They believe that evolution can account for everything that we can observe in life, to a considerable fault. This leads to Garte's main thesis:
2. Garte argues that in light of new scientific findings in the realm of biology (and biochemistry), biologists should prepare to change their way of thinking about the subject if they want to reach the next stage of discovery, like how classical physicists did in the late 19th century. Currently, biology is notoriously short on concrete laws and affiliate formulas that allow for further developments and discoveries, unlike physics and chemistry. Garte recalls that some colleagues dismiss the entire concept of theory in biology as impossible or unscientific. But when the theory of evolution was being worked on biologists rejoiced because it allowed for the advance of science beyond simply describing structures and functions, but it also provided a sense of order, meaning, and purpose to the way life works. This is called teleology, and Darwin and his supporters were joyed that teleology and morphology were no longer pitted against each other but rather were married.
(I want to note: Garte believes that it is not evolution that is the fundamental principle of biology, but rather inheritance (high-accuracy self-replication), since if this exists then evolutionary change is automatic and inevitable.)
Still, biologists sought to remove teleology from biology since it is not a concept present in physics and chemistry, which Garte calls a mistake. Garte believes that newly published research could be used in constructing the missing theoretical framework and challenge the prevailing materialist, reductionist views in current scientific circles. This research speaks on agency, cognition, and teleology, which is a good acronym in ACT since life does in fact act. Research shows that all life has levels of cognition, even single-celled bacteria and plants (even without brains). Garte argues that once biologists are able to recognize that there is purpose baked into biology, it will make answers more rapidly forthcoming. But of course along with that, you must wonder where things like agency, purpose, and cognition come from, which of course lays strong evidential pointers towards a designer God.
Much of the book goes on to explore current issues in the realm of origin of life research, such as how evolution could have even been set off in the first place if the tools required for high-accuracy self-replication could not have evolved to have been so (since evolution is fundamentally a byproduct and not a precursor), along with other things like early earth conditions & how prokaryotes could have become eukaryotes in the first place. Garte is not saying that because problems exist therefore God exists, he is saying that scientists need to question their dogmas as they have in the past so that more light may be shed on these seemingly impossible questions. Though he does claim that the current data does provide strong evidence for an original Designer.
One thing I wished Garte would have done in this book is explore how his ideas align with the Adam and Eve narrative specifically. He does interact with Genesis chapter 1, but I think a lot of Christians get caught up by the problem that if the common ancestor was LUCA, then that means it wasn't Adam. I am aware of what a theistic-evolutionist's interpretation on this subject would look like, but I wished Garte would have gone into it a little bit, especially for the lay person who has no idea.