2-1/2 stars
I was very excited by the title of this book because while I've read any number of Tudor histories, I know little about commoner's lives and was hoping that this book would open that chapter for me. Unfortunately, the chapter about commoners was all of five pages. Hence the rather low rating of 2-1/2 stars.
The book starts with Margaret Beaufort, who I knew little about before this book. She was married at 12 to Edmund Tudor in 1455. Edmund died in November, 1456 and Henry (late Henry VII) was born in January, 1457. Margaret was never to conceive again.
The War of the Roses caused Margaret and Henry to be separated. Henry's wardship was sold to Yorkist Lord Herbert of Raglan.
Margaret married Henry Stafford, the son of Duke of Buckingham. The resurgence of the house of Lancaster began in the 1470s. The Battle of Tewksbury in May of 1471 left Henry at 15 years old the sole surviving representative of the house of Lancaster. His Jasper Tudor took him to Brittany.
Easter 1483, Edward IV died, and the 13 year old Prince of Wales succeeded. The King's brother Richard seized power, said his nephews were illegitimate and put them in the Tower. Once Richard was crowned, Henry was the only rival to the throne.
This speculates that Margaret Beaufort instigated the Tudor claim to the throne. Margaret Beaufort enlisted support of Elizabeth Woodville, the widow of Edward IV, the mother of the boys in the tower. She had been stripped of her possessions by Richard III. Margaret Beaufort suggested marriage between Henry and Elizabeth's oldest daughter Elizabeth.
At the battle of Bosworth, Henry won the Crown from Richard III.
Margaret Beaufort became countess of Richmond and Derby, received the wardship of Edward Stafford, son of the Duke of Buckingham. Parliament of 1485 gave her the rights and privileges of a "sole person, not wife nor covert of any husband" which gave her control of her own fortune.
Margaret Beaufort set down ordinances; rules about running the household. She managed her estates and the estates of her ward Buckingham. She gave large gifts to Cambridge and endowments to Christ's college and founded St. John's.
The following chapters concentrated on the other queens: Katherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves (who I believe had the best situation of all the wives,) Katherine Howard, and then finally Katherine Parr. Then Mary I and Elizabeth I. Having read and reviewed a number of books on Henry’s wives, Mary and Elizabeth, I’ll gloss over these women here.
When at last the final chapter is reached and the commoners are discussed, it’s quite amazing to discover what their lives were like. The authors lists some of the “opportunities” that were available for women in Elizabethan times: domestic service, which was often a stepping-stone to marriage, wet and dry nursing, tailoring, governess, ‘waiting gentlewoman’ in a ‘great household.’ A woman could do upholstery work, millinery, embroidery, innkeeping, laundry, brewing, baking. She could be a fishwife, an astrologer, or a midwife.
Marriage to a member of a trade guild conferred certain rights to the woman, which she retained in widowhood and could pass on to a second husband.
Wash day involved steeping, beating heavy linens with wooden bats, bleaching, smoothing, folding, etc. This was done “every three months or so.”
This is just the beginning. A woman running her household must have worked from dawn to long after dark to accomplish everything that was required. It makes me grateful to be born in an age when we have so many machines to help do the work. Maybe I was expecting too much – maybe there was so much work to do that there wasn’t much else in a common woman’s life for this book to talk about.