August 1944. Fifteen miles southeast of the city of Florence, a unit of German soldiers arrive at the home of Robert Einstein, first cousin of the famous scientist Albert Einstein. Twelve hours later, Nina, Luce, and Anna-Maria, the wife and children of Robert Einstein, are brutally murdered. - A paraphrased extract from the publishers description of this book.
I thoroughly enjoyed this book. The true story of ordinary people, murdered as World War II was ending in northern Italy. Ordinary people with the name Einstein, related to one of the most famous men in the world. Ordinary people killed for sharing a name and assumed, or considered under certain race laws, to be Jewish.
This is one of those events from the past that has escaped my knowledge completely, despite the numerous books, articles, investigations, films and television documentaries produced over the years. I don’t know why these events are relatively unknown. Perhaps much of the interest, limited as it seems to be, is outside the English-speaking world. The author reflects on some of the possible reasons in this book; cultural elements, reflections on the past and other post-war attitudes as Europe rebuilds and moves forward.
Whatever the reasons the events of August 1944 are not widely known, I am pleased to have read this book. A fascinating investigation into the past. A memorable book, one that I hope will be read widely.
The author introduces us to the Einstein family in the early 20th century, in particular the branch with Albert Einstein and his close cousin Robert. Early chapters take place mostly in Germany and Italy. The author tells us about life under authoritarian regimes in these places as freedoms are reduced and persecutions increase for the Jewish populations. The Einstein families make different decisions with different consequences for their futures.
For Robert Einstein and his family, their relatively ordinary lives, relationships and experiences culminate in the 1940s with a relatively calm life under German occupation in northern, rural Italy. We learn of his Italian wife, young and adult daughters and the close relationship they all have with their local community.
Italy is not notable anti-semitic, at least in the context of Europe at the time. ‘Race’ Laws are not strictly enforced although there is a growing sense of ‘State’ menace for the family. Nevertheless, they feel a certain degree of safety in their rural environment. As the war in Italy draws to a close and German troops are forced north by the Allies, Robert’s home becomes the scene of murder. His wife and children are killed for no apparent reason apart from being related to Albert Einstein and considered Jewish by the German troops that occupy their property.
The author sets out to explain the facts and fill in the gaps as to what happened on that day in August 1944. Numerous investigations have occurred into the Einstein’s family murder during and since World War II. The author provides some useful context of post-war Italy:
“ By the mid-1950s, only thirteen Germans had been found guilty of committing war crimes in Italy”
A very small number considering the thousands of civilians, both Jews and non-Jews, killed or deported during the war. The author reflects further:
“By the 1960s, a narrative had entered the Italian national psyche that is was the Germans who were responsible for the appalling things that happed during the war…”
The author recounts some limited, early investigations into the Einstein family murders. However it is only during the early 2000s and the discovery of new files, that more detailed investigations are undertaken by both German and Italian authorities. These investigations are supported by evidence and documentation from throughout Europe, the UK and the US. As well as reviewing the historical record, the author adds to the evidence, accessing archives, files and other sometimes difficult-to-access sources. The author’s family experienced wartime events, similar to those affecting the Einstein’s and indeed there was a direct connection between the families in Germany. The author notes:
“This direct connection with the Einstein family made the story real. it made it personal…”
Many of the people who were present in the area of the murders decades ago have passed away. Some are still alive and the author recounts interviews he has undertaken with these contemporary witnesses as well as their families and friends.
It is a remarkable story. A story of memory, tenacity, truth and justice. Surprisingly, given the time passed since the events of August 1944, the author and recent investigators have been able to identify at least some of the people who may have been responsible for the murders. Thus some closure may be felt by those descendants of the Einstein’s family. For others involved, a sense of if not exactly justice but some accountability may be felt.
The book provides lessons for today as incidences of anti-semitism and intolerance seem to be increasing, particularly in Europe but also elsewhere. Reflecting on events from the past and the long shadows they display decades later may give pause to those inciting hate and intolerance today. Sadly we still live in times when people are still persecuted for not who they are but who they represent.
The book concludes with a lengthy Epilogue. The status of the investigations are largely considered on-hold for the moment. The author reflects on the ways Germany and Italy have faced their difficult histories in different ways when it comes to confronting the past as well as their evolving attitudes over the decades. This part of the book is particularly well done. A part the promotes contemplation and perhaps a reassessment how the past resonates with today. It adds depth, a certain gravitas to the events of August 1944; sadly events not unusual for the times, events largely forgotten today. This book reminds us of those events and times, why we should remember today and in the future.
’Justice Delayed’ is sometimes considered ‘Justice Denied’, but I hope that the various investigators involved in this case, as well as the author of this book can feel their tenacity, diligence and efforts have not in any way been in vain. The results of their work not only document the crimes of the distant past but speak to us today about memory, tolerance and accountability.
The book includes a significant Bibliography, which gives a feel for the scope of the authors research in multiple languages, institutions, archives and other public and private sources. The Acknowledgements shows the author’s gratitude towards numerous institutions that have provided assistance as well as individuals who have assisted in ways large and small. These ending sections, as well as figures, photographs and Indexing demonstrates the significant efforts that have brought this book to publications. A remarkably comprehensive account of the times, the events and the decades that have passed since the events of August 1944. I wish the author and publishers great success with this important and timely book.