Peter Schiff exposes the flaw in Keynesian economics through the use of an extended allegory or parable. His story involves an island nation that grows from subsistence living to great prosperity and then declines. The island nation represents the United States. The story serves as a warning against Keynesianism.
In the beginning, there are only three men. Each man catches and eats one fish per day. Then, one man decides to forgo his meal for the day to build a net, which proves successful and subsequently enables him to catch two fish in less time. This man uses the additional resources (free time and extra fish) provided by the net to lend, trade, and relax. Thus, the expansion of the economy begins. Other people on the island take similar risks.
Schiff uses this simple storytelling device to introduce the reader to economic topics such as risk, capital, interest, money, inflation, bubbles, and busts. Peter Schiff is a free market libertarian who sees the government as the source of misallocation of scarce resources. His story traces the rise of the United States as an economic powerhouse from its inception through the first part of the 20th century. Then his story tracks its decline into economic stagnation following the ascendancy of Keynesianism, the income tax, and the Fed.
Schiff shows why what we intuitively know to be true actually is true. These truths, so often ignored or obscured by fancy jargon or “education,” include:
1. Paper dollars have no intrinsic value.
2. Printing more paper dollars will decrease the value of all other paper dollars.
3. An economy is strong and grows because people produce goods and services.
4. Consumption does not create a strong economy by itself.
5. An individual or nation cannot become wealthy simply by consuming.
6. The massive debt and deficits of the United States cannot be sustained.
7. To deal with the massive debt and deficits, the United States can a. inflate, b. raise taxes and lower services, or c. default.
8. Deflation, which is simply gently falling prices, is the natural result of a healthy economy free of government interference.
9. Deflation arises because of increasing efficiencies of production.
10. Deflation is a good thing for all consumers.
11. Inflation is the result of politicians making promises that can’t be fulfilled.
12. Politicians monetize the debt, which simply means inflate the currency to technically fulfill their promises.
13. Inflation harms savers and helps debtors.
14. Saving is the necessary prerequisite for capital accumulation.
15. Capital can be thought of as something to help us make something else that we want. E.g., a shovel, a tractor, a factory, or any other tools.
16. Capital accumulation is the necessary prerequisite for an expanding, healthy economy.
So if Keynesianism is bunk, why is it so widely accepted amongst politicians and economists in academia? Schiff says that Keynesianism gives the appearance of a free lunch. It promises an unending economic boom based on spending. By encouraging politicians to spend, they can buy votes—politicians love to spend. How did the idea infest the academies? Those universities with people in high political offices get better grants and more prestige. Any economist who would tell a politician the truth that their officious meddling is causing more harm than good, that spending in one area creates asset bubbles and misallocations of resources, that saving a high paying job in industry A comes at the expense of all the other industries because customers have less money to spend elsewhere would not have that politicians’ ear for very long.
Moreover, it is politically appealing for a politician to promise the world: a guaranteed job, a chicken in every pot, security in one’s old age even if you haven’t saved anything yourself, a Great Society with free housing and food stamps, free healthcare. This is a much more gripping and emotional tale than a stoic recitation of the importance of free markets and the gradual progress of innovation. There are less concrete guarantees in a free market even though such a system is precisely what enables politicians to promise to “spread the wealth around” in the first place.
In the end, economics is ultimately the “dismal science.” There are no solutions, only tradeoffs. Keynes tried to change all that with faulty promises that too many have bought into. The United States, like France, the Confederacy, the Weimar Republic, Hungary, Argentina, Yugoslavia, Zimbabwe, and many others risks hyperinflation with its loose monetary policy and the lack of a currency backed by something tangible, such as gold.
Schiff says that borrowing from China has enabled the U.S. to hold off tough decisions for a long time. China gives us goods and we give them increasingly worthless paper dollars. That situation can’t last forever.
With pictures and large type, the book is a very quick read. The style is simple to the point of elementary. For those with no background in economics at all, it could prove useful. To my mind, supporters of Keynesianism can be exposed as charlatans by asking them one simple question: So, if your theory is correct, what’s wrong with counterfeiting?