In this short 1998 work, French academic Alain Besancon examines Western society's different treatments and memories of the carnage and evil of the Nazi regime versus Communist regimes over the last half century, focusing in particular on the USSR, with brief references to China, Viet Nam, and others. The killing continues today in China and North Korea.
His theory is that the Nazi catastrophe was marked by several characteristics not held by the Communist murderous disasters: a constrained time frame, a targeted ethnic group, the presence of survivors motivated to make public the horrors they experienced, a public tribunal of the Eichmann` Trial to bring to justice key surviving members of the regime, and other factors. Until Solzhenitsyn's The Gulag Archipelago was published in 1973, the West was largely ignorant of the extent of the murders and killing infrastructure built under Soviet Russia. The 1997 work "The Black Book of Communism" estimates the death toll under the glorious utopian Communist regimes at 85-100 million people, from executions, labor camps, genocides, and especially famine, both planned (Ukraine in 1932-33) and inadvertent.
Both National Socialism and its close cousin, Communism (a kind of socialism), were borne of attempts to overthrow the course of history to bring about a 'golden age'. Nazism focused on eliminating targeted ethnic groups-- primarily the Jews, but also other problem children - Gypsies, the disabled, homosexuals, among others. Communism posited that Capitalism was the great evil that needed to be overthrown, bringing about a Utopian era of equality and justice. Therefore, the enemy was primarily defined by class rather than skin color, although the identity of the enemy conveniently morphed to fit the regime's needs - Cossacks, kulaks, etc. Pierre Chaunu coined the phrase 'heterozygous twins' for these two blood-soaked brothers.
Each regime abhorred religion because authoritarianism inserts itself as the agent of man's salvation. "This 'new morality' required one to drive out the remnants of the old morality, which 'class enemies' advanced in order to perpetuate their rule. " "The goal was to create the most humane regime history had every known, the first regime in which everyone could achieve humanity' (Raymond Aron). That is, in both Nazism and Communism, God is replaced by the State as the agent of a kind of salvation - not that defined by Christianity, but defined by the regime itself as being of the highest good, with the highest justice.
Eerie parallels abound to today's Western leftist movements. For example, Corporate and Media America has adopted a "Woke" approach to implementing "Social Justice", as only it is allowed to define. (Although it is a deliberate feature that it is rarely if ever defined or quantified, as that would create some level of accountability and allow for the beginning of reasoned debate). This snowball becomes impossible to resist without monetary and reputational consequences, so it is perpetuated through fear and following the path of least resistance. The founder of BLM referred to herself as a 'trained Marxist' and at one point one of that organization's professed goals was the elimination of the nuclear family, but those inconvenient items are overlooked out of conformity and fear when a professional sports team, family, or local church adorns its property with a BLM banner.
Returning to Besancon, on 'races': "(Nazi and Communist thinking) saw classes or races as engaged in a dualistic struggle. The definition of these classes or races makes sense only within the system, with the result that any objectivity that could exist within the notion of classes or races vanishes. These notions gone awry explain the nature of the struggle; they justify it, and in the mind of the ideologist, guide the actions of enemies and allies".
Of course, the dialogue between new 'reform' ideas and the status quo is the nature of all political systems, and it would be a mistake to reject an idea just because it is meant to be progressive, or 'Progressive'. But this 20-year-old book does highlight how political ideas and structures can metastasize by their proponents assuming that they alone have the right answer and that any challenges are against the 'right side of history', to quote Mr. Obama.
Specifically in today's West, there is a dangerous combination of a general ignorance of history and civics (especially among young people), a declining adherence to traditional religion, and a leftward lean in the Academy, the administrative state, and popular culture that thinks it is the moral obligation of the state to ensure their vision of 'justice'. A bulwark against a runaway ideology in a liberal society should be a free press, but the traditional and new media are also dominated by the Left and have shown in the last 10 years that they are willing to put political gains before objective truth. It is America's obligation to ensure that these forces stay contained within our Constitutional framework of reasoned and respectful debate.