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288 pages, Hardcover
First published December 9, 2025
A clipper could travel at previously unimaginable speeds and cut days or even weeks off the long sea voyages that integrated trade in a global economy. They were, if you will, the “just-in-time” portion of the nineteenth-century supply chain, the expedited couriers of the 1850s. When it had to be there and fast, it had to be clipper.
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The Great Republic, built in 1853 in Boston, the longest clipper ever constructed, was 400 feet from bowsprit to stern. She launched to a crowd of 50,000 cheering spectators. To understand how intense the celebrity surrounding these clippers was, consider that Boston in 1853 had a population of fewer than 150,000. Extreme clippers were sexy, fast, and capable of making the shipowners and the captains very, very wealthy because their speed meant that they could charge a premium on freight rates and could specialize in only the most profitable cargo.
There is a river in the ocean. In the severest droughts it never fails, and in the mightiest floods it never overflows. Its banks and its bottom are of cold water, while its current is of warm. The Gulf of Mexico is its fountain, and its mouth is in the Arctic.—Matthew Maury, The Physical Geography of the Sea It would be difficult to overstate the importance of Maury’s theories about oceanography in a world dominated by— and linked by— sail.
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Throughout the 1850s, more than a thousand sea captains every year were sending Maury their logbooks— the logs of tens of thousands of our collective voyages sit in storage. Maury’s work—and the unrecorded and unremembered work of generations of mariners who crowdsourced his data and the dozens of assistants in his office who collated and organized it— remains the basis for modern pilot charts still published by the United States government and used today by mariners.
It is difficult to overstate, in fact, the fame of Mary Ann Patten in the late 1850s and into the 1860s. The speaker was right: She did represent, at that moment in time, something that seemed to many as quintessentially American. The America we wanted to be as a young nation, at the moment when the nation stood on the precipice of that terrible reckoning.
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Mary Ann Patten was also a living symbol. “What a splendid text for the woman’s rights people,” wrote Philadelphia’s Star of the North on March 11. After all, if a young girl just nineteen could inspire a crew of unruly seamen to let her take a clipper around Cape Horn in a terrible gale as their master, if women could be captains when permitted, then surely women could be trusted to vote in an election?
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Society was not, in 1857, ready yet for that bold proposition, but Mary Ann did pave the way for a generation of other women who, in the years that followed, would take the helm and also tell those stories.
Until 1956, seventeen American states outlawed marriage for anyone with epilepsy; Britain only repealed that law in 1970. Epilepsy tended to go hand in hand with other neurological disorders, and over time the seizures also created cognitive deficits in sufferers, in a kind of terrible self-fulfilling prophecy.