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Nazi Şiddetinin Kaynakları
“Yahudi soykırımının fevkaladeliği, pek de ‘öncülü olmayan’ (...) bir olay değil, modern Batı tarihinde daha önce birbirinden ayrı olarak denenmiş geniş hükümranlık ve yok etme yöntemlerinin özgün bir sentezi olmasıdır. Özgün, dolayısıyla da radikal biçimde yeni olan şey sentezdi ve çağdaşlarının pek çoğu için hayal edilemez ve anlaşılamazdı.”
Uluslararası toplum ve akademik çevreler, geleneksel olarak Nazizm ideolojisini ve Holokost’u Avrupa tarihinin doğal akışından bir sapma, önceki çağların barbarlığına ve vahşetine bir geri dönüş olarak gören yaygın bakış açısını kabul eder. Enzo Traverso Nazi Şiddetinin Kaynakları’nda keskin ve berrak bir analizle bu yaklaşımı tersyüz ederek milyonlarca insanın ölümüne sebep olan bu korkunç deneyimi, 18. yüzyıldan itibaren Avrupa’da gelişen modern trendlerin ve medenileştirme süreci”nin uzantısı olarak yorumluyor. Yazar siyasi, askerî, kolonyal, endüstriyel, bilimsel ve felsefi boyutlarıyla Batı modernleşmesinin karmaşık tarihsel hattını mercek altına alarak, bu benzersiz ölüm operasyonuna giden yolu ören fikirleri ve pratikleri inceliyor. Avrupa’nın siyasi ve entelektüel tarihi üzerine derinlemesine çalışmalarıyla tanınan Traverso’dan soykırım tartışmalarına ufuk açıcı bir katkı.
Uluslararası toplum ve akademik çevreler, geleneksel olarak Nazizm ideolojisini ve Holokost’u Avrupa tarihinin doğal akışından bir sapma, önceki çağların barbarlığına ve vahşetine bir geri dönüş olarak gören yaygın bakış açısını kabul eder. Enzo Traverso Nazi Şiddetinin Kaynakları’nda keskin ve berrak bir analizle bu yaklaşımı tersyüz ederek milyonlarca insanın ölümüne sebep olan bu korkunç deneyimi, 18. yüzyıldan itibaren Avrupa’da gelişen modern trendlerin ve medenileştirme süreci”nin uzantısı olarak yorumluyor. Yazar siyasi, askerî, kolonyal, endüstriyel, bilimsel ve felsefi boyutlarıyla Batı modernleşmesinin karmaşık tarihsel hattını mercek altına alarak, bu benzersiz ölüm operasyonuna giden yolu ören fikirleri ve pratikleri inceliyor. Avrupa’nın siyasi ve entelektüel tarihi üzerine derinlemesine çalışmalarıyla tanınan Traverso’dan soykırım tartışmalarına ufuk açıcı bir katkı.
213 pages, Paperback
First published January 1, 2002
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906 people want to read
About the author
Enzo Traverso
58 books199 followersEnzo Traverso is an Italian scholar of European intellectual history. He is the author of several books on critical theory, the Holocaust, Marxism, memory, totalitarianism, revolution, and contemporary historiography. His books have been translated into numerous languages. After living and working in France for over 25 years, he is currently the Susan and Barton Winokur Professor in the Humanities at Cornell University.
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Displaying 1 - 28 of 28 reviews
September 6, 2016
Tea Baggers listen up: Nazi exterminationist anti-Semitism was not a result of Big Government or Socialism. It was not a product of “haters” who were “prejudice” as my students think. It was a “unique synthesis” of elements already present in Western history and culture. “The guillotine, the [slaughterhouse], the Fordist factory, and rational administration, along with eugenics, the massacres of the colonial wars and those of World War I had already fashioned the social universe and the mental landscape in which the Final Solution would be conceived and set in motion.” This short book is an excellent summary of the various building blocks that constructed Nazi violence. Combining insights from Hannah Arendt and Edward Said, Traverso emphasizes the history of Colonialism as precedent for the Holocaust. Anti-Semitism is aptly schematized emphasizing the “romantic” reaction to capitalism and modernity. Some of the chapters are assignable overviews for courses that touch on the Holocaust.
March 10, 2025
Traverso kendisini, Nazizm'i ve şiddetini Avrupa Aydınlanması'ndan bir sapma olarak görenlerin karşısında konumlandırıyor. Dolayısıyla kitap boyunca Nazizm'in şiddetine alan açan ve modernite Avrupa'sında köklenen zihinsel ve maddi zemini eşeliyor. Bu zeminde gördükleri ise; modern dönemdeki çeşitli teknolojik gelişmelerle birlikte öldürmenin giderek rasyonel ve duygusuz bir hale bürünmesi, envai çeşit sömürgeci tahayyüller, savaşın estetize edilip kutsanması, bilimin biyolojik ırkçılık ve disiplin yöntemleri uğruna işe koşulması, farklı motivasyonlarla da olsa Avrupa'nın birçok bölgesinde 19.yy sonundan beri kendisini gösteren anti semitizm.
Traverso, Nazizm'in yıkıcılığını ve radikal şiddetinin özgünlüğünü asla reddetmiyor. "Bunun varacağı yer zaten faşizmdi" gibi teleolojik bir kolaycılığa da kaçmıyor. Sadece, bunu mümkün kılan zemini anlamaya çalışıyor. Bir anlamda, iyi bir tarihsel materyalist olarak, sürekliliklerin ve kopuşların diyalektik bütünlüğüne sadık kalıyor.
Traverso, Nazizm'in yıkıcılığını ve radikal şiddetinin özgünlüğünü asla reddetmiyor. "Bunun varacağı yer zaten faşizmdi" gibi teleolojik bir kolaycılığa da kaçmıyor. Sadece, bunu mümkün kılan zemini anlamaya çalışıyor. Bir anlamda, iyi bir tarihsel materyalist olarak, sürekliliklerin ve kopuşların diyalektik bütünlüğüne sadık kalıyor.
June 19, 2016
«[...] "Ο Χίτλερ δεν επινόησε και πολλά πράγματα. Τις περισσότερες φορές αρκούνταν να οικειοποιείται ιδέες που κυκλοφορούσαν στην ατμόσφαιρα και να τις οδηγεί στις έσχατες συνέπειές τους. Η ευθανασία και οι βαθιοί στοχασμοί γύρω από 'τις ζωές που δεν αξίζουν να βιωθούν' ήταν κοινοί τόποι στην εποχή του". Η γεμάτη αποτροπιασμό καταδίκη των ναζιστικών εγκλημάτων και των ευγονικών θεωριών που τα είχαν εμπνεύσει εκδηλώθηκε μόνο κατόπιν εορτής».
Μια διορατική ανάλυση κόντρα στην προσέγγιση (ή σωστότερα μη-προσέγγιση) του ναζισμού ως φαινόμενο μοναδικό σε χρόνο και χώρο. Ο Traverso τον επανατοποθετεί σταθερά στο ιστορικό συνεχές και, φωτίζοντας τις ρίζες του στο παρελθόν, καθιστά σαφέστερες τις διακλαδώσεις του στο μέλλον, πέρα απ' την πτώση του Γ΄ ράιχ.
Μια διορατική ανάλυση κόντρα στην προσέγγιση (ή σωστότερα μη-προσέγγιση) του ναζισμού ως φαινόμενο μοναδικό σε χρόνο και χώρο. Ο Traverso τον επανατοποθετεί σταθερά στο ιστορικό συνεχές και, φωτίζοντας τις ρίζες του στο παρελθόν, καθιστά σαφέστερες τις διακλαδώσεις του στο μέλλον, πέρα απ' την πτώση του Γ΄ ράιχ.
May 5, 2007
I read this book for my class on fascism, and this was by far the best on the reading list. It's short, compellingly written unlike so many history books, and makes great use of other research, synthesizing. The books's point is drawing out threads in European history before Nazism and the Holocaust that fed into them and made them possible. Uncomfortable but wonderful, definitely read this book.
January 29, 2020
Ο Enzo Traverso ανιχνεύει εδώ τις ευρωπαϊκές ρίζες που οδήγησαν στη «ναζιστική σύνθεση», κινούμενος σε δύο επίπεδα: τη βιομηχανοποίηση του θανάτου, που άρχισε με την επινόηση της γκιλοτίνας, κορυφώθηκε στα πολεμικά μηχανήματα του Α’ Παγκοσμίου Πολέμου για να καταλήξει στο Άουσβιτς, και τις βαθιά εδραιωμένες πεποιθήσεις του ρατσισμού και του αντισημιτισμού στη Δυτική σκέψη.
This entire review has been hidden because of spoilers.
June 9, 2022
Με κούρασαν τα βιβλία που μένουν σε μια αντιπαράθεση πεδίων του λόγου. Ως εάν ναζισμος/φασισμός/ρατσισμός να είναι ζητήματα της διανοητικής ιστορίας, μερικών μεταφορών του Χίτλερ ή των προκαταλήψεων ενός λογοτέχνη. Και δεν πηγαίνουν σε πραγματικές διαδικασίες και σε μια υλιστική ανάλυση από ένα φόβο απλοϊκων αναγωγισμών. Ή μήπως αυτό που θέλει πραγματικά είναι να μη λεκιαστει η αστική κοινωνία, οι θεσμοί της, και η καπιταλιστική διαδικασία από το ολοκαύτωμα, το οποίο κρατά μέσα στη μοναδικότητα του... απομονωμένο.
Όσο το διάβαζα μου ερχόταν διαρκώς η φράση του Horkheimer:
"Όποιος δε θέλει να μιλήσει για τον καπιταλισμό, ας σωπαινει και για το φασισμό"
Όσο το διάβαζα μου ερχόταν διαρκώς η φράση του Horkheimer:
"Όποιος δε θέλει να μιλήσει για τον καπιταλισμό, ας σωπαινει και για το φασισμό"
January 22, 2012
Traverso delves with fearless but objective energy to the European, Asian, and American concepts of race and worthiness to find the underpinnings of Nazi brutality. No one's national taboos stand in the way here; the French in Algeria, the British in South Africa, the Japanese in Korea, and the Americans among the Apache are all plumbed for material.
The Nazis, then, did little that was new, not so much creating genocide as industrializing it. The racial views of politically powerful nations set up the equations that the builders of Auschwitz solved. The Third Reich dispensed with the delusion that the deaths of undesirables were accidental or their own fault, and ramped up the speed of operations. But the uncomfortable kinship between the Holocaust and the idea that "the only good Indian is a dead Indian" can make this well-crafted book painful to read.
All the same, it is entirely worth it to look over the edge into this abyss.
The Nazis, then, did little that was new, not so much creating genocide as industrializing it. The racial views of politically powerful nations set up the equations that the builders of Auschwitz solved. The Third Reich dispensed with the delusion that the deaths of undesirables were accidental or their own fault, and ramped up the speed of operations. But the uncomfortable kinship between the Holocaust and the idea that "the only good Indian is a dead Indian" can make this well-crafted book painful to read.
All the same, it is entirely worth it to look over the edge into this abyss.
January 25, 2022
Some interesting discussions, especially in the introduction. But then becoming speculative, Foucauldian, and methodologically based on the heavy use of analogy. Not to my taste, though some may like this sort of thing.
August 22, 2025
The whole point of this book is that the Nazis basically synthesised ideas that were already up in the air or had been partially implemented from European powers and the US. I didn’t find it particularly groundbreaking. For a short book it somehow manages to be repetitive at times. It also falls prey to “Fascism was a mass movement “ narrative which has been throughly debunked by Ishay Landa. At one time he also he also seemed to equate the Guglags to the Nazi concentration camps, which wasn’t too cool.
July 23, 2025
9/10
Napisałem całą reckę, ale mi usunęło. Long story short: wybitny akt oskarżenia całej europejskiej kultury umywającej ręce i dystansującej się od nazizmu, oraz książka, która poprzez uhistorycznienie źródeł Zagłady, może rzucać światło na mechanizmy ludobójstwa i dawać argumenty przeciwko działaniom państwa, mianującego się jedynym prawomocnym depozytariuszem pamięci ofiar Zagłady, a jednocześnie dokonującego obecnie ludobójstwa w Strefie Gazy.
Napisałem całą reckę, ale mi usunęło. Long story short: wybitny akt oskarżenia całej europejskiej kultury umywającej ręce i dystansującej się od nazizmu, oraz książka, która poprzez uhistorycznienie źródeł Zagłady, może rzucać światło na mechanizmy ludobójstwa i dawać argumenty przeciwko działaniom państwa, mianującego się jedynym prawomocnym depozytariuszem pamięci ofiar Zagłady, a jednocześnie dokonującego obecnie ludobójstwa w Strefie Gazy.
November 15, 2025
Incredible elucidation of the connection between nazism and the history of Western violence.
April 22, 2020
Essential.
March 22, 2025
Hacía mucho que un ensayo no galvanizaba tanto mi atención y me sacudía de esta forma. Por su precisión, por su claridad, por su escritura fina, ágil, exacta, impecable. Por su profundidad y originalidad. Se trata de una obra mayor. El nazismo como una síntesis de las peores violencias, ideologías y técnicas europeas (el cálculo, la administración racional, la industria, la eugenesia, el darwinismo social, el antisemitismo histórico, el imperialismo, el colonialismo, la guerra, el racismo) tan europeos, tan civilizados, al servicio de un proyecto de terror y exterminio, una síntesis occidental de un horror que no puede ser calificado como "sin precedentes", como acostumbran los historiadores liberales
May 3, 2023
Un saggio che ricentra la questione storiografica sul nazismo mettendo finalmente da parte le interpretazioni che vorrebbero il nazismo come semplice parentesi della storia europea o come risposta a sollecitazioni "esterne". Grazie ad un approccio braudeliano della lunga durata Traverso ci dice come gli elementi che furono alla base dell'ideologia nazista e delle sue pratiche di sterminio erano tutti perfettamente inscritti dentro la storia dell'Europa e dell'Occidente.
August 22, 2019
La thèse du livre est simple: les champs de concentration nazies ne sont qu'une conséquence, terrible et funeste, de l'évolution de la pensée européenne et des avances technologiques des dernières siècles. au lieu de les voir comme une aberration, Traverso n'explique l'existence comme une sorte de mutation de l'évolution technique et sociale du monde occidental. Épouvantable, mais très réelle.
November 22, 2020
Really concise and insightful. Its basic claim is that Nazi violence is not a historical aberration but a synthesis (although not a necessary consequence) of a number of long-term trends in the West (industrialization, colonialism, racial science).
Want to read
May 26, 2009 traverso, an Italian Trotskyist, IIRC, has a # of other texts on the Holocaust worth reading as well.
June 26, 2012
A cogent study in the social, cultural, and material forces behind authoritarian movements. Highly relevant when examining the current US.
November 12, 2020
Amazing book!
July 31, 2025
As I do more research for the book I'm writing about the roots and rise of the Nazis in Germany, I came into this work with high expectations since I have colleagues who recommend Traverso's work. After reading this, I can see why!
This book, as the name tells you upfront, is about tracing out the roots of Nazi violence. The basic argument of Traverso's work is that Nazi violence was not an aberration from the West, but rather a product of its uglier elements. As he puts it, "The genealogy traced in the present study emphasizes the fact that the violence and crimes of Nazism emerged from certain common bases of Western culture. It does not show that Auschwitz revealed the fundamental essence of the West; however, it does suggest that it was one of its possible products and, in that sense, was one of its legitimate offsprings.”
The one thing that surprised me about this book was that it was more conceptual than historical. In other words, the chapters are more centered around ideas, rather than a historical narrative of different times and places with echoes of the sort of violence Nazism would unleash. The first chapter, for example, is titled "Discipline, Punishment, Killing" and talks about the tools that helped carry out those ideas, from the guillotine to the prison system.
For me, the most interesting part was when Traverso discussed the role of European colonial violence and World War 1 as the two big historical precedents for Nazi violence. He talks about how the violent racism of colonialism and the catastrophic total violence of WW1 came together to create precedent for what the Nazis would do while in power. I'd already coming into the book more or less agree with that idea tbh, but the way he elaborates on it here really shows that link in a convincing way.
Overall, I'd say this book is a must-read. It explains the origins of Nazi violence not just as a historical oddity, but in a way that feels urgently relevant to our present. My only warning is that Traverso's writing is a little dense. He's not super hard to read, but definitely not easy, either. If you read nonfiction with any regularity you'll be fine, but if not, it might be good to pick up something a little more accessible before getting to this one.
This book, as the name tells you upfront, is about tracing out the roots of Nazi violence. The basic argument of Traverso's work is that Nazi violence was not an aberration from the West, but rather a product of its uglier elements. As he puts it, "The genealogy traced in the present study emphasizes the fact that the violence and crimes of Nazism emerged from certain common bases of Western culture. It does not show that Auschwitz revealed the fundamental essence of the West; however, it does suggest that it was one of its possible products and, in that sense, was one of its legitimate offsprings.”
The one thing that surprised me about this book was that it was more conceptual than historical. In other words, the chapters are more centered around ideas, rather than a historical narrative of different times and places with echoes of the sort of violence Nazism would unleash. The first chapter, for example, is titled "Discipline, Punishment, Killing" and talks about the tools that helped carry out those ideas, from the guillotine to the prison system.
For me, the most interesting part was when Traverso discussed the role of European colonial violence and World War 1 as the two big historical precedents for Nazi violence. He talks about how the violent racism of colonialism and the catastrophic total violence of WW1 came together to create precedent for what the Nazis would do while in power. I'd already coming into the book more or less agree with that idea tbh, but the way he elaborates on it here really shows that link in a convincing way.
Overall, I'd say this book is a must-read. It explains the origins of Nazi violence not just as a historical oddity, but in a way that feels urgently relevant to our present. My only warning is that Traverso's writing is a little dense. He's not super hard to read, but definitely not easy, either. If you read nonfiction with any regularity you'll be fine, but if not, it might be good to pick up something a little more accessible before getting to this one.
August 16, 2025
"Hitler pek bir şey icat etmedi. Çoğunlukla zaten dolaşımda olan fikirleri alarak onları nihai sonuçlarına taşıdı. Ötenazi ve 'yaşanmaya değer olmayan hayatlara' dair derinlemesine fikirler o zamanlar gayet yaygındı."
Bininci kez söyleyeyim: İletişim Yayınları'nın Faşizm İncelemeleri serisi memleketteki sayılı iyi şeyden biri. Bugüne kadar bu diziden ne okuduysam müthiş etkilendim, her zaman çok ufuk açıcı eserler seçiyorlar ve tertemiz çevirilerle yayınlıyorlar; şanslıyız.
Enzo Traverso'nun "Nazi Şiddetinin Kaynakları" da aynı şekilde, okumaktan büyük haz aldığım bir deneme oldu. İsrail'in Gazze'de yürüttüğü soykırımı meşrulaştırmak için sık sık holokosta atıf yapması nedeniyle bu konuya dair akıl yürütmenin pek çoğumuzun içinden gelmediğini biliyorum ama bence tam da bu nedenle daha çok düşünmek gerekiyor holokosta dair. Şiddeti doğuran şiddete bakmanın tam vakti sanki: bugünkü kabusu anlamak ve karşı koymak için.
Nazizm'in, Avrupa'nın Fransız İhtilali ve Aydınlanma ile beraber girdiği yoldan anlık bir sapma olduğu düşünülür genelikle, Traverso işte tam da buna itiraz ediyor. Modernitenin doğal sonucuydu demiyor ama Nazizm'i mümkün kılan zihinsel pratikleri Avrupa'nın bizzat kendisinin ürettiğini, tarihin o anında yaşanan özgün bir sentezle de bunun holokosta evrildiğini savunuyor. "Sömürgeciliği anlamadan Nazizm'i anlayamayız" diyor, Avrupalıların yüzyıllar boyunca "uzak"ta yapmaya çalıştığı şeyi Almanlar "yakın"da yaptı aslında, diyor - ki ne kadar haklı. Arendt'in bu konudaki tezlerini alıp üstüne kendi perspektifini bina ediyor ve dönemin edebiyatından sinemasına, tıp (özellikle öjenik) alanındaki çalışmalarından teknolojik gelişmelere kadar uzanan bir çerçeveye bakıp Nazi şiddetinin kaynaklarının aslında ne kadar içeride olduğunu ortaya koyuyor. Sonradan "demokrasiyi savunmaya" soyunmuş ABD'nin mesela o dönem öjeni alanındaki çalışmalarda başı çektiğini bilmiyordum, öğrendim.
Benim için çok doyurucu ve bilgilendirici bir okuma oldu. "Rejeneratif şiddet" olarak tanımladığı şeyi bence daha iyi anlamamız lazım, zira görünen o ki önümüzdeki yıllarda maalesef daha çok karşımıza çıkacak. Çok tavsiye ediyorum.
Bininci kez söyleyeyim: İletişim Yayınları'nın Faşizm İncelemeleri serisi memleketteki sayılı iyi şeyden biri. Bugüne kadar bu diziden ne okuduysam müthiş etkilendim, her zaman çok ufuk açıcı eserler seçiyorlar ve tertemiz çevirilerle yayınlıyorlar; şanslıyız.
Enzo Traverso'nun "Nazi Şiddetinin Kaynakları" da aynı şekilde, okumaktan büyük haz aldığım bir deneme oldu. İsrail'in Gazze'de yürüttüğü soykırımı meşrulaştırmak için sık sık holokosta atıf yapması nedeniyle bu konuya dair akıl yürütmenin pek çoğumuzun içinden gelmediğini biliyorum ama bence tam da bu nedenle daha çok düşünmek gerekiyor holokosta dair. Şiddeti doğuran şiddete bakmanın tam vakti sanki: bugünkü kabusu anlamak ve karşı koymak için.
Nazizm'in, Avrupa'nın Fransız İhtilali ve Aydınlanma ile beraber girdiği yoldan anlık bir sapma olduğu düşünülür genelikle, Traverso işte tam da buna itiraz ediyor. Modernitenin doğal sonucuydu demiyor ama Nazizm'i mümkün kılan zihinsel pratikleri Avrupa'nın bizzat kendisinin ürettiğini, tarihin o anında yaşanan özgün bir sentezle de bunun holokosta evrildiğini savunuyor. "Sömürgeciliği anlamadan Nazizm'i anlayamayız" diyor, Avrupalıların yüzyıllar boyunca "uzak"ta yapmaya çalıştığı şeyi Almanlar "yakın"da yaptı aslında, diyor - ki ne kadar haklı. Arendt'in bu konudaki tezlerini alıp üstüne kendi perspektifini bina ediyor ve dönemin edebiyatından sinemasına, tıp (özellikle öjenik) alanındaki çalışmalarından teknolojik gelişmelere kadar uzanan bir çerçeveye bakıp Nazi şiddetinin kaynaklarının aslında ne kadar içeride olduğunu ortaya koyuyor. Sonradan "demokrasiyi savunmaya" soyunmuş ABD'nin mesela o dönem öjeni alanındaki çalışmalarda başı çektiğini bilmiyordum, öğrendim.
Benim için çok doyurucu ve bilgilendirici bir okuma oldu. "Rejeneratif şiddet" olarak tanımladığı şeyi bence daha iyi anlamamız lazım, zira görünen o ki önümüzdeki yıllarda maalesef daha çok karşımıza çıkacak. Çok tavsiye ediyorum.
March 13, 2024
Ποιες είναι οι ρίζες της ναζιστικής βίας; Από πού να το πρωτοπιάσεις.. τα λέει πολύ καλά εδώ ο Τραβέρσο, ως επαγγελματίας. Θα έμπαινα όμως στον πειρασμό να ψάξω εγώ να βρω τις ρίζες στην έκφραση της Λύσσας του Λευκού Ανθρώπου, στην τάση του για υπερβολή μέχρι την καταστροφή. Πήγε ας πούμε ο Κολόμβος στην Αμερική, βρήκε τους Καρίμπ να καπνίζουν (στα πλαίσια τελετουργίας) τα καπνόφυλλα τους -και ο λευκός τούδωσε και κατάλαβε. Τα ίδια και με τους φυσικούς πόρους, τα ίδια και για τη σχέση του με τη θεότητα.. θέλω, θέλω, θέλω - μέχρι να σκάσω, και σταματήστε με αν μπορείτε..
Όμως αυτό ΔΕΝ είναι αληθές, όπως δείχνουν σχετικές εργασίες, λόγου χάρη η «Κατάρρευση» του Jared Diamond. Η βία απέναντι στον κόσμο δεν είναι γνώρισμα μόνο του λευκού ανθρώπου αλλά του ανθρώπου, δες Ρουάντα, δες τον άλλο.. τον Πολ Ποτ.
Οπότε, πρέπει να το περιορίσω στο πλαίσιο που βάζει ο Τραβέρσο όταν γράφει Ναζιστική, και εκεί τα λέει καλά, είπαμε. Είναι μάλλον δικό μου θέμα το ότι ψάχνω να βρω σε όλα αυτά κάτι μεταφυσικό, τη ρίζα του κακού ουσιαστικά, κάτι που φτάνει σε τέτοια εφιαλτικά άκρα όπως το να παραχώνεις ανθρώπινα σώματα, με χρήση μπουλντόζας..
Εντάξει, και τι κάνουμε απέναντι σε όλα αυτά, σιδερά; Δεν ξέρω αρκετά καλά τον εαυτό μου ώστε να είμαι απόλυτος, όμως νομίζω ότι αυτό που πρέπει να κάνω είναι να μην αποστρέφω το βλέμμα. Να κοιτάζω κατάματα τον κάθε θύτη, ακόμα και αν αυτός βρίσκεται στο τζάμι του καθρέπτη. Σιδεράς ο avenger, σιδεράς ο vigilante.. ναι, καλά..
ΥΓ. Θυμάμαι ακόμα ένα βράδυ που ως πιτσιρίκος, είδα μια γυναικούλα, δεν θα ήτανε 50 κιλά, να παίρνει στο κυνήγι μια ομάδα από 5-6 εφήβους, με βρισιές και κατάρες. Τα καλόπαιδα αυτά είχαν βάλει στη μέση ένα ψωριάρικο σκυλί και..
Έχουν περάσει τόσα χρόνια και ακόμα τη σκέφτομαι αυτήν τη γυναίκα.. Γίνομαι αυτοαναφορικός, γίνομαι και μελό, το ξέρω.. Έτσι είμαι καμιά φορά, τι να κάνουμε;
Όμως αυτό ΔΕΝ είναι αληθές, όπως δείχνουν σχετικές εργασίες, λόγου χάρη η «Κατάρρευση» του Jared Diamond. Η βία απέναντι στον κόσμο δεν είναι γνώρισμα μόνο του λευκού ανθρώπου αλλά του ανθρώπου, δες Ρουάντα, δες τον άλλο.. τον Πολ Ποτ.
Οπότε, πρέπει να το περιορίσω στο πλαίσιο που βάζει ο Τραβέρσο όταν γράφει Ναζιστική, και εκεί τα λέει καλά, είπαμε. Είναι μάλλον δικό μου θέμα το ότι ψάχνω να βρω σε όλα αυτά κάτι μεταφυσικό, τη ρίζα του κακού ουσιαστικά, κάτι που φτάνει σε τέτοια εφιαλτικά άκρα όπως το να παραχώνεις ανθρώπινα σώματα, με χρήση μπουλντόζας..
Εντάξει, και τι κάνουμε απέναντι σε όλα αυτά, σιδερά; Δεν ξέρω αρκετά καλά τον εαυτό μου ώστε να είμαι απόλυτος, όμως νομίζω ότι αυτό που πρέπει να κάνω είναι να μην αποστρέφω το βλέμμα. Να κοιτάζω κατάματα τον κάθε θύτη, ακόμα και αν αυτός βρίσκεται στο τζάμι του καθρέπτη. Σιδεράς ο avenger, σιδεράς ο vigilante.. ναι, καλά..
ΥΓ. Θυμάμαι ακόμα ένα βράδυ που ως πιτσιρίκος, είδα μια γυναικούλα, δεν θα ήτανε 50 κιλά, να παίρνει στο κυνήγι μια ομάδα από 5-6 εφήβους, με βρισιές και κατάρες. Τα καλόπαιδα αυτά είχαν βάλει στη μέση ένα ψωριάρικο σκυλί και..
Έχουν περάσει τόσα χρόνια και ακόμα τη σκέφτομαι αυτήν τη γυναίκα.. Γίνομαι αυτοαναφορικός, γίνομαι και μελό, το ξέρω.. Έτσι είμαι καμιά φορά, τι να κάνουμε;
December 18, 2025
Ce livre est à la fois éprouvant et indispensable. Éprouvant, parce qu’il oblige le lecteur à abandonner des récits rassurants sur l’histoire européenne. Indispensable, parce qu’il fournit les outils intellectuels pour comprendre le fascisme non comme une aberration surgie de nulle part, mais comme un phénomène profondément enraciné dans la modernité occidentale elle-même.
Enzo Traverso s’attaque frontalement à un mythe encore très répandu : celui du nazisme comme une parenthèse monstrueuse, spécifiquement allemande, étrangère au reste de l’histoire européenne. Avec une érudition impressionnante et une démonstration rigoureuse, il montre au contraire que les camps d’extermination s’inscrivent dans une continuité historique. Ils ne sont pas une rupture totale, mais l’aboutissement d’un long processus de rationalisation de la violence.
Traverso met en lumière deux matrices essentielles de cette violence moderne. D’abord, la Première Guerre mondiale, avec son industrialisation de la mort, sa bureaucratisation du massacre, sa transformation des corps humains en simples unités comptables. Ensuite, et surtout, l’expérience coloniale : les massacres, les camps, la déshumanisation systématique des populations colonisées, justifiée au nom du progrès et de la civilisation. Ce qui se déploiera plus tard en Europe avait déjà été expérimenté ailleurs, loin du regard des métropoles.
L’image centrale du livre — l’usine de la mort comme rencontre entre l’abattoir industriel et la colonie pénitentiaire — est d’une puissance glaçante. Elle résume parfaitement la thèse de Traverso : Auschwitz n’est pas l’anti-civilisation, mais une forme extrême de la rationalité moderne appliquée à l’extermination. Le choc vient précisément de là : le fascisme n’est pas l’opposé des Lumières occidentales, mais leur ombre, leur face refoulée.
Enzo Traverso s’attaque frontalement à un mythe encore très répandu : celui du nazisme comme une parenthèse monstrueuse, spécifiquement allemande, étrangère au reste de l’histoire européenne. Avec une érudition impressionnante et une démonstration rigoureuse, il montre au contraire que les camps d’extermination s’inscrivent dans une continuité historique. Ils ne sont pas une rupture totale, mais l’aboutissement d’un long processus de rationalisation de la violence.
Traverso met en lumière deux matrices essentielles de cette violence moderne. D’abord, la Première Guerre mondiale, avec son industrialisation de la mort, sa bureaucratisation du massacre, sa transformation des corps humains en simples unités comptables. Ensuite, et surtout, l’expérience coloniale : les massacres, les camps, la déshumanisation systématique des populations colonisées, justifiée au nom du progrès et de la civilisation. Ce qui se déploiera plus tard en Europe avait déjà été expérimenté ailleurs, loin du regard des métropoles.
L’image centrale du livre — l’usine de la mort comme rencontre entre l’abattoir industriel et la colonie pénitentiaire — est d’une puissance glaçante. Elle résume parfaitement la thèse de Traverso : Auschwitz n’est pas l’anti-civilisation, mais une forme extrême de la rationalité moderne appliquée à l’extermination. Le choc vient précisément de là : le fascisme n’est pas l’opposé des Lumières occidentales, mais leur ombre, leur face refoulée.
May 16, 2022
Μου άρεσε περισσότερο το βιβλίο του συντοπίτη Λουλουδάκη " Τα ζάρια του Δαρβίνου: Μια γενεαλογία του ευρωπαϊκού φασισμού" επειδή ήταν πιο αιχμηρόπολιτικό,ενω οι "ρίζες" είναι πιο ιστορικό-κοινωνιολογικό έργο.Ο Ενζο ως ακαδημαϊκός πέφτει στην αντιεπιστημονική αρλούμπα περί ολοκληρωτισμού που προσωπικά με κουράζει.Ωραία γραφή και ον σπότ πάντα.Αλλη μια σπουδαία μετάφραση του Κούρκουλου.
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November 16, 2023Traverso makes the claim that the guillotine was a precursor to the Holocaust (the industrialization of Western culture gave way to Auschwitz as a killing machine)
February 5, 2025
Nazilerin öjeni politikalarını, 19. Yüzyıl sömürge katliamlarından ve özellikle Fransa’nın Cezayir politikalarından ayırmadan anlaşılamayacağını net bi şekilde anlatmış. Hayran kaldım.
July 20, 2025
REALE VOTO SAREBBE 4 STELLE E MEZZO
November 8, 2025
Dünyada her şey değişse bile değişmeyen tek şey insanoğlunun faşist aklı.
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