A bold retelling of the 1960s civil rights struggle through its work against police violence—and a prehistory of both the Black Lives Matter and Blue Lives Matter movements that emerged half a century later
Police Against the Movement shatters one of the most pernicious myths about the 1960 that the civil rights movement endured police violence without fighting it. Instead, as Joshua Clark Davis shows, activists from the Congress of Racial Equality and the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee confronted police abuses head-on, staging sit-ins at precinct stations, picketing outside department headquarters, and blocking traffic to bring attention to officer misdeeds. In return, organizers found themselves the targets of overwhelming political repression in the form of pervasive police surveillance, infiltration by undercover officers, and retaliatory prosecutions aimed at discrediting and derailing their movement.
The history of the civil rights era abounds with accounts of physical brutality by county sheriffs and tales of political intrigue and constitutional violations by FBI agents. Turning our attention to municipal officials in both the North and South, Davis reveals how local police bombarded civil rights organizers with an array of insidious weapons. More than just physical violence, these economic, legal, and reputational attacks were designed to project the illusion of color-blind law enforcement.
The civil rights struggle against police violence is largely overlooked today, the victim of a willful campaign by local law enforcement to erase their record of repression against the movement. By returning activism against police abuses to the center of the civil rights story, Police Against the Movement undoes decades of historical erasure surrounding the struggle against state violence that continues to this day.
I don't know where to start in recommending this book and how much shocking history that at least I was unaware of and that seems to be elided from the dominanant narrative of the Civil Rights Movement. Police departments all over the United States - Birgminham, Philadeplphia, Houston, NYC, Los Angeles, and many more - viewed themselves as "mini-FBIs' charged with infiltrating, spying on, and in many cases entrapping organizers and protestors against police violence and repression.
Some items I wasn't aware of and this is just the tip of the iceberg for interesting history in this book:
- The person kneeling over MLK, Jr. in the famous Joseph Louw photograph of the moment after the assassination was a Memphis Police Department spy, Marrell "Mac" McCollough, who infiltrated the Invaders, the SCLC and the 1968 Memphis Sanitation Strike that brought King to Memphis. - The Houston Police Department stormed the campus of TCU in March 1967 with over 1000 officers and arrested 500 students after a large shootout that left one police officer dead (likely by other police fire). They then tried to pin the death of the officer on 3 organizers using the felony murder rule, but would not reveal the results of the ballistics test. - NYC spied on civil rights organizers and protesters with their Bureau of Special Services (BOSS) and in one case their spy Raymond Wood infiltrated the local chapter of the SLCC and entrapped members with a plot fo blow of up various monuments (Statue of Liberty, etc.) with dynamite. - A 21-year old John Lewis was told to remove remarks about police violence and repression from his speech at the March on Washington, for fear they would prove too incendiary.
So many heroes in this history but how was I unware of Fred Shuttlesworth of Birmingham, AL, who co-founded the Alabama Christian Movement for Human Rights (ACMHR), was a key organizer of the Freedom Rides, and even after his home was bombed continued to speak out against police violence.
I could go on and on. Highly recommend this book and it should serve as a warning as states and localities in the US seek to criminilize protests and free speech again.
Police Against the Movement effectively combats the misconception that the civil rights movement endured police violence without fighting back against it and brings to light the involvement of local police departments in the sabotage of the civil rights struggle. In this book, Davis brings attention to the direct action tactics utilized by activists involved with CORE and SNCC in response to repressive political policing, as well as the overwhelming violence these activists faced at the hands of law enforcement.