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Food Intelligence: The Science of How Food Both Nourishes and Harms Us

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To understand how to eat, we have to know why we eat

The more expert advice we hear about diet, the less clarity we have about what to eat. Leading researcher Kevin Hall and award-winning health journalist Julia Belluz want to cut through the smoke screen thrown up by the food industry on one side, and the diet gurus on the other, with this definitive book about food, diet, metabolism and nutrition.

We evolved to eat everything. If we eat a starchy potato or a fatty steak, the chemical pathways and hormone responses will look different but in the short term the net result is the we get the calories we need for fuel. But what result will that diet have in the long term? Hall and Belluz tease out the answers, examining the underlying truth about popular food plans (keto, vegan, pescatarian), the critical impact of micronutrients, what we really know about the microbiome, and the truth that in terms of weight loss – but not necessarily our health – a calorie is a calorie.

Nutrition isn’t rocket science; it’s harder. This accessible, illuminating, often funny book will change how you think about food forever.

352 pages, Hardcover

Published September 23, 2025

263 people are currently reading
2120 people want to read

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Julia Belluz

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Displaying 1 - 29 of 29 reviews
25 reviews
November 13, 2025
Thesis: Ultra-processed food is addictive, calorie-dense and nutrient poor. It would be great if we could avoid it on our own, but this problem would be better addressed by changes in public food and public health policies.

Julia Belluz and Kevin Hall construct some compelling stories around this premise, with The Biggest Loser as a launch pad. It starts to get weaker about 3/4 through the book, with research findings that don't quite pan out and the usual true but frustrating conclusion that "more research is needed." I recommend it, if only because this book raises some puzzling questions and generally encourages us to spend less money on gimmicks and trying to discover what's wrong with us.

From a very different approach, Hall and Belluz draw the same conclusions as Michael Pollan in Omnivores' Dilemma: eat whole foods, mostly vegetables, and not too much. For me, listening to research and discussion and good stories helps me keep these ideas in the forefront and make good individual choices. Like these authors, I hope we are gathering the political will to get poor options off the shelves and make whole foods more accessible.
Profile Image for Dave Reads.
330 reviews21 followers
November 18, 2025
Food Intelligence shows how our bodies handle food, why we often eat more than we need, and how modern diets shape our health. Belluz and Hall break down big myths about calories, metabolism, and protein, and explain how ultra-processed foods and today’s food environment push us toward overeating. They show how biology, hormones, and industry practices work together to guide what we eat and how we gain weight. The book also calls for smarter food policies and small daily choices that help people eat in ways that support long-term health.

Top Takeaways

·      The old 3,500-calorie rule doesn’t predict real weight loss because metabolism changes as we eat less.
·      Protein myths are common; the body can’t store extra protein, and supplements offer little gain without exercise.
·      Low-carb and low-fat diets work about the same when calories are equal.
·      Ultra-processed foods drive overeating because of their taste, low fiber, and heavy marketing.
·      The food environment shapes diet more than willpower, so policy changes matter as much as personal choice.

10 reviews
October 16, 2025
Book was somewhat educational regarding the chemical process of body metabolism. It makes some points that stick well, like the "flex fuel" point, and makes a good case that focus on macro-nutrient balance is probably wrong. It disabused me of some ideas I had in my head, like that glucose spikes necessarily are causal of developing insulin resistance (science is still undecided).

Organization was a little frustrating at times with a lot of hand-waving of a concern "we'll cover that in chapter xyz". I think this is generally unnecessary and distracting the to reader.

Also seemed incurious about the causes of modern metabolic disease. It spent chapters dancing around causal factors for this saying they would address it later. It had a good treatment of The Greatest Loser results. It talked about ultra-processed foods, and introduced some very interesting alternative metrics that be the molecular thing that matters for it - calorie-dense and ultra-palatable. It still suggested that processing agents and additives might be what makes ultra-processed foods particularly harmful... but all presented as speculation. All good set up, but then kind of throws up its hands like "maybe it's fiber". And then throws out some familiar diversionary arguments like "different people's DNA work differently", even though this kind of stuff obviously doesn't work for the population-scale trends. Just missing a bit of closure.
Profile Image for Sam.
96 reviews
December 21, 2025
Too boring to be generalized nonfiction, too casual to be a textbook. I'm not sure what the point of this book is. It contains a lot of "science" without anything meaningful.

This also had the most blatant strawman argument I've seen (and I now realize that I've used the word "strawman" in two straight reviews, at least the last one was sarcastic). The authors use the actual Liver King as the face of high-protein diets, as if anyone ever took him seriously.
153 reviews
December 19, 2025
I actually stopped reading this about two-thirds of the way through, when they started talking about what a great guy RFK Jr. was.

Some of the info was interesting but a lot of it was just beating the same old drum, and the chapter on policy solutions was totally unrealistic.
39 reviews
October 24, 2025
I was really disappointed by this book. As a member of the nutrition and dietetics field, I’ve been a big fan of many of Kevin Hall’s studies for awhile; he always controls for the right confounders and investigates questions that we need answers to and others don’t seem to be addressing.

My first problem with this book was the chapter on protein. Although many people consume enough grams of protein, this is occurring in the context of significantly overconsuming calories. Meaning, if they ate smaller portions of the same diet, their total protein intake would be far too low, as we see so often in older adults who lose their appetite and consume barely any protein (right when their total grams needed increases due to anabolic resistance associated with aging). It’s therefore really important to advise people to eat more protein dense foods. I would have thought a world renowned obesity researcher could make this connection. Not to mention that he didn’t touch on issues such as timing or getting enough grams at a time to stimulate muscle protein synthesis. Given that obesity is a major cause of anabolic resistance that further increases this amount, I again would have expected better insights from an obesity researcher. And yes, protein deficiency is not a risk in western society; but by that logic we don’t need any carbohydrates and only a small amount of essential fatty acids, yet their RDAs are not based on the minimum to survive. Having enough to survive is not the same as what’s optimal. Given how essential our muscle mass and muscle health is for the chronic diseases this entire book is meant to focus on addressing (cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, etc), I can’t figure out how he took the stance he did.

My second biggest issue with the book was the approach taken to the environmental considerations. He referenced the EAT-Lancet report in a footnote, despite this being an extremely unrepeatable source. Its greenhouse gas emissions only focus on production and consumption, rather than considering the entire production cycle (transportation, refrigeration, etc). This leads to inaccurate figures disfavouring the consumption of animal based foods. For example, it does not consider that there are tons of non-food uses of animal agriculture byproducts (shampoos, cosmetics, medicines, tires, ceramics, plastics, etc); without animal agriculture, alternative ingredients for these products must be used, producing greenhouse gases that are not accounted for in these calculations. The overall body of evidence on how to eat more sustainably shows that it’s complex and depends on where you live, but includes a mix of animal and plant based foods (a diet extremely high in meat is of course not ideal environmentally either, but that’s not to say that optimal is plant based. For example, think of all the transport costs to make plant based meats).

Third, although there is a small section where he says he is not trying to encourage chemophobia, many of his messages contradict this. He even goes as far as to say supportive things regarding RFK Jr and the MAHA movement which could be a whole review in itself.

Additionally, there were also a couple misleading sentences such as that Kevin Hall “debunked the 3500 calorie rule” which just isn’t true; yes it’s complicated and eating 3500 calories extra or less per day will not result in exactly 1lb of fat loss or gain. But, being in a 3500kcal surplus or deficit will. It’s just that getting in exactly a 3500kcal deficit or surplus is not accomplished just by eating that much more/less, but is affected by factors such as absorption and changes in energy expenditure (in metabolic rate, NEAT, etc). I do believe Kevin Hall understands this (as he does touch on these), but some of his phrasing is misleading nonetheless, and likely leads readers to draw incorrect conclusions.

Some other smaller issues I had: It was too focused on historical facts and figures; some of them were interesting but they were excessive and I found myself zoning out in parts and waiting for the book to get to the point. Also, a lot of the stats and figures given to make a point were not contextualized - ie is 3000(insert unit of something) a lot?

I did, however, enjoy the description of what “metabolism” actually means; it was one of the best I’ve seen. Similarly, the descriptions of the biggest loser studies and the quality over quantity of fat being what matters in terms of health were well done.
Profile Image for Christina Puma.
58 reviews
November 4, 2025
An excellent overview of our food system and the role the food environment plays in our health including:
-the basics of human metabolism and how the ability to adapt to a wide variety of macronutrient ranges keeps us alive
-early nutrition science (i.e., how we discovered vitamins)
-the biological/genetic components of obesity
-the power and influence of food companies (both through engineering food so you'll eat as much as possible of it and through lobbying)
-how our food system evolved to produce a glut of calories (at the expense of the environment and our health)
-current research on the impact of ultra processed foods (UPFs) on our health

As a nutrition professional weary of non-nutrition experts trying to capitalize on the next nutrition craze, I love that this book is written by a true expert and that it doesn't overinflate the evidence or promise "one quick fix!" (or even claim to know conclusively exactly why UPFs are harmful. It is a balanced take on the history of our food environment and what the science says about how it impacts us. Sadly, this likely also means it will be underappreciated.

My only complaint is about the last chapter. The author goes into details about "food 2.0" (e.g. lab grown meat, alterative proteins) and notes that these will likely be ultra processed foods but important for achieving a more sustainable food system. I appreciated the approach of "let's let science guide us here" (which was the overall tone) but it felt like the author glossed over the fact that these foods will almost inevitably have the same characteristics (e.g., food matrix being broken down and foods being engineered to by hyperpalatable) which the author positioned as the most likely culprits in the unhealthiness of UPFs earlier on in the book. I would have liked more discussion about how (if at all) the author thinks these could be different and why these won't just be "business as usual" products from food companies looking after their bottom lines. Personally I feel that the author made a great case (up until the Food 2.0 discussion) for the focus on less processed foods and the systems and policies that would need to be in place to support this type of eating and could have left this bit out.
Profile Image for Alex Nathanson.
36 reviews
October 23, 2025
I was genuinely delighted to read Food Intelligence by Kevin Hall, PhD (with Julia Belluz). This is a rare nutrition book that manages to be balanced, evidence-based, and refreshingly free of hype.

If you have a strong stance in the diet wars, this book is not for you.
If you’re a charlatan hoping to cash in on the latest miracle food or supplement, it’s definitely not for you.

Hall has been one of the most respected researchers in metabolism and obesity science for years. His work has always been firmly rooted in data rather than dogma. Now, with Belluz’s help, his insights finally reach a general audience in a clear and engaging way.

The overarching message is simple but powerful:

Nutrition science is complicated. Don’t believe anyone who claims to have it all figured out. Don’t accept any dogmatic approach.

Some of my key takeaways:
• “Broken metabolism” is a myth — your metabolism adapts, it doesn’t fail.
• Protein fads are nothing new — the body is remarkably adaptable.
• Keto and low-fat diets perform about the same when calories are matched.
• Supplements rarely help beyond correcting deficiencies.
• Ultra-processed foods matter, but context matters more.
• Individuals can’t fix a broken food environment alone — that’s where policy comes in.
• “Precision nutrition” gadgets sound impressive but don’t yet deliver meaningful insights.

Hall and Belluz don’t oversimplify or overpromise. They remind us that nutrition is a living science, full of nuance, uncertainty, and humility.

If you’re tired of reductionist headlines and influencer advice, this book belongs on your shelf.

📍 Full review originally posted on my blog: NavigateWeightMD.com

Visit for more reflections on obesity medicine, metabolic health, and evidence-based weight care.

#FoodIntelligence #KevinHallPhD #NutritionScience #ObesityMedicine #NavigateYourWeightWithDrN
Profile Image for Ben Iverson.
235 reviews2 followers
December 31, 2025
I recently read Ultra-Processed People: Why We Can't Stop Eating Food That Isn't Food and felt really dissatisfied with it. It left me with so many questions about why ultra-processed food is bad, and whether it is really the ultra-processed part that is bad or not. Food Intelligence was SO MUCH BETTER than Ultra-Processed People. The authors are the perfect team of a journalist and food scientist, and they do a great job of balancing readability with correct facts and references to actual studies. I came away with a much clearer plan for how I want to eat and create my eating environment, while at the same time understanding that there is still a lot we don't know. Anyway, I'd highly recommend this book to anyone interested in better understanding nutrition!
Profile Image for Tom Anichini.
Author 1 book9 followers
October 29, 2025
This book rewards patient, thoughtful readers who appreciate the nuance of saying UPFs might be OK so long as they are not both calorie-dense and hyper-palatable.

(Listened to the audiobook, which edition is not apparent in GoodReads yet, and I'm not taking the time to upload it).

With nonfiction of this sort, I prefer a hard copy or e-book so I can skim it and skip to the conclusion. Too many are overlong magazine articles or blog posts, stretched to book length as a money grab.

Not so with Food Intelligence! I listened to every word. Granted, I had heard Julia on a podcast (and maybe Kevin on another) so I expected empirical support for all the recommendations. Indeed, much of the empirical support served to dissuad received wisdom recommendations.

Pleased to have listened to the whole thing.
Profile Image for Xerxia.
804 reviews9 followers
December 29, 2025
3.5. I love food science books, and there is a lot to like here. The science is well represented, with studies presenting varying viewpoints examined and explained. The history of food, food processing and food policy is also well articulated. And I love that it gives no easy answers nor does it try to sell a diet plan or supplements.

That said, this book is not fantastically organized, with far too much “we’ll get to that in a later chapter”. The writing voice is odd too, in an attempt to blend two author voices into one, what results is something that feels vaguely patronizing and a little robotic. But the real death knell for this book is that large swaths are boring. The whole section on individualized nutrition planning felt like it was 30,000 pages. I’m sure it’s a good bunch of investigative journalism, but good lord it droned on and on and on…
Profile Image for Tanja Berg.
2,291 reviews567 followers
December 31, 2025
The science is there, to some extent, but the authors are annoying. I made it to 75%, but when they started to talk about «good and bad» cholesterol I gave up. That myth has been debunked long ago. The science on cholesterol says this: the HDL («good cholesterol») is what predicts death risk. Low HDL = high risk. The «bad» cholesterol is not a predictor of death. Actually, without cholesterol, you die. Cholesterol prevents cancer and repairs blood veins and arteries damaged by excessive sugar intake. And yes, too much sugar will give you diabetes. Read Robert H. Lustig instead, or watch him on YouTube.
Profile Image for Cheryl.
632 reviews13 followers
November 12, 2025
This book surprised me. I am just a regular person but, I am curious about what we should eat and what supplements we should take. This book does not tell you what to do but, I do feel a lot more comfortable making these decisions for myself. I found this a very interesting and readable book. I bought a real physical copy of the book but I think I could have gotten the audible version and still have gotten what I needed from it and been entertained. I definitely think it was a book worth reading.
23 reviews1 follower
December 15, 2025
I was expecting more hard science than I got and got way more policy manifesto than I wanted. I don't even necessarily disagree with them, I just resent such an obvious attempt at "stirring me to action." And yes, I do disagree with some of their proscriptions. I'm leery of anyone who leans on government to protect me from myself. I would have been much happier with a hard science book that taught me more about nutritional science and empowered me to make my own choices instead of hearing "it's not you, sweetie, it's your food climate." This book is an opportunity wasted.
Profile Image for W.A. Masters.
5 reviews1 follower
October 5, 2025
A state-of-the-art summary of what real nutrition scientists know about food, and how it works (or doesn't work) for health and wellness.

Much of the book focuses on studies done by Kevin Hall and colleagues, as well as the personal experiences and interviews of ace journalist Julia Belluz, but there's plenty of history and other new data covered too.

Highly recommended!
462 reviews
October 16, 2025
Written by a science journalist & an expert in nutrition and neuroscience, this breezily readable book offers research and information about nutrition, food, and the surfeit of subsidized crops used in ultra processed “foods” full of empty calories. This calorie glut creates a toxic food environment for Americans. This book offers good advice about what and how to eat.
423 reviews3 followers
November 6, 2025
I read this book for 2 reasons: 1. I have a personal connection to one of authors , in that her aunt Jean is a good friend of mine; 2. I am interested in food and am how best to eat for optimum nutrition and overall health. You are what you eat!
While I didn’t grasp all of the "science", this is a very engaging , readable and informative book.
Profile Image for Amy O'Donnell.
22 reviews1 follower
October 13, 2025
Fantastic. So good it enraged me how ill informed we all really are. Will refer my patients to this book and hope they read it and that its wisdom can pierce through the nutritional misinformation they bring me from TikTok
39 reviews
October 26, 2025
Good read

Fascinating history of nutrition science and current state of knowledge with policy recommendations. If you want to engage the science and meaningful thought about food, nutrition and our future, i recommend it.
Profile Image for Derek.
7 reviews
December 19, 2025
Excellent work until the conclusion which abandons nuance and deep insight for joyfully supporting policies that make healthy eating, or even just eating generally more difficult for low income people.
1 review
November 1, 2025
A bit "sciency" but a great read about our food system in the modern world and how it affects our bodies.
Profile Image for Gregory Roberts.
67 reviews
November 12, 2025
Excellent book. Really makes you think about the food we eat. I learned a lot from this book and would recommend it to anyone that eats!
Profile Image for Leah Lambart.
793 reviews18 followers
November 22, 2025
A deep dive into what is known versus not known about food and metabolism. A great call to action at the end about what we could do to improve food and public health.
Profile Image for Irina Ioana.
71 reviews6 followers
December 31, 2025
Excellent book!
It’s written for the general public, but I found it an interesting read even for those who work in the nutrition field. It offers fascinating facts about the history of nutrition and provides useful information at an individual level. But most importantly, it explains why health cannot be just an individual endeavor—and why, if we don’t think about our food environment as a whole, we’ll miss the chance to achieve better health overall.
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